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Effect of Mouthwashes on the Mechanical Properties and Color Stability of Composite Material.

Interactions between the chemical compounds contained in mouthwashes and the components of dental composites may significantly influence their functional properties. The study investigated the effect of mouthwashes on the mechanical properties and color stability of a restorative nanocomposite. Twelve mouthwashes characterized by different chemical compositions were selected and distilled water was used as a control. Composite specimens were conditioned for 24 h, 48 h, and 72 h. Changes in microhardness (HV), compressive strength (CS) and diametral tensile strength (DTS) were evaluated. In add…

Color Assessments and Glycolysis of Cetylpyridinium Chloride-Containing Aqueous Solutions and Commercial Mouthwashes.

Background: Effective cetylpyridinium chloride (CPC)-based mouthwashes critically depend on maintaining maximum levels of bioavailable CPC to deliver optimum antimicrobial benefits. While this is traditionally assessed using cellulose-based methods, from economic and efficiency perspectives, there remains a need to identify other potential methods of assessing bioavailable CPC. Here, we explored whether quaternary ammonium compound (QAC) test strips are sensitive to CPC-based formulations, and if so, whether there might exist a possible correlation with glycolysis outcomes. Methods: Quantitati…

Corrosion of copper nickel titanium archwire in chlorhexidine,  sodium fluoride, and chitosan mouthwashes.

BACKGROUND: Copper (Cu), nickel (Ni), chromium (Cr) ion release, and surface topography change from the orthodontic wire are the initial pro … he unloading force of CuNiTi archwire deflection remains the same at week two and week four for all mouthwashes. CONCLUSION: The use of mouthwashes that contained CHX, NaF, and chitosan could further alter the passive layer and cause higher nickel and copper ion release and increased CuNiTi archwire surface structure porosity. But there is no distinction bet …

Antimicrobial Mouthwashes: An Overview of Mechanisms-What Do We Still Need to Know?

This narrative literature review is the first in a 6-section supplement on the role of mouthwashes in oral care. This introduction briefly summarises current knowledge on antimicrobial mechanisms, relating to some of the most common over-the-counter mouthwash products available worldwide: chlorhexidine, hydrogen peroxide, cetylpyridinium chloride, povidone iodine, and essential oils. The aim of this first article is to describe how mouthwashes "kill" pathogenic microbes when used adjunctively and thus provide a basis for their widespread use to manage key oral diseases, namely caries, gingivit…

In vitro effects of alcohol-containing mouthwashes on human enamel and restorative materials.

The objective of this study was to evaluate the in vitro effects, including surface morphological characteristics and chemical elemental properties, of different mouthwash formulations on enamel and dental restorative materials, simulating up to 6 months of daily use. Human enamel samples, hydroxyapatite, composite resin, and ceramic surfaces were exposed to 3 different mouthwashes according to label directions - Listerine® Cool Mint®, Listerine® Total Care, and Listerine® Whitening - versus control (hydroalcohol solution) to simulate daily use for up to 6 months. The samples were analyzed usi…

Effect of essential oil and chlorhexidine mouthwashes on gingival fibroblast survival and migration.

BACKGROUND: Chemical plaque control is the most commonly recommended means of oral hygiene after periodontal surgery. Commercially available mouthwashes contain a variety of active ingredients that have bactericidal properties but may potentially be toxic to the host cells. The goal of this in vitro study is to investigate the effect of commercially available mouthwashes on the survival and migratory capacity of human fibroblasts. METHODS: Human gingival and periodontal ligament (PDL) fibroblasts were treated with commercially available mouthwashes that contained either chlorhexidine (CHX) or…

Biologic assessment of antiseptic mouthwashes using a three-dimensional human oral mucosal model.

BACKGROUND: The biologic safety profile of oral health care products is often assumed on the basis of simplistic test models such as monolayer cell culture systems. We developed and characterized a tissue-engineered human oral mucosal model, which was proven to represent a potentially more informative and more clinically relevant alternative for the biologic assessment of mouthwashes. The aim of this study was to evaluate the biologic effects of alcohol-containing mouthwashes on an engineered human oral mucosal model. METHODS: Three-dimensional (3D) models were engineered by the air/liquid in…

In Vitro Antibacterial and Antibiofilm Effects of Antiseptics and Mouthwashes on Streptococcus mutans.

BACKGROUND: Streptococcus mutans is a key etiological agent of dental caries, and its ability to form biofilms significantly increases resistance to antimicrobial agents. This study evaluated the activity of selected oral antiseptics against both planktonic and biofilm forms of S. mutans. METHODS: Seven pure antiseptic compounds and nine commercially available mouthwashes were tested. Minimal inhibitory concentrations (MICs) were determined using a microdilution method, and their clinical relevance was assessed using the Clinical Efficiency of MIC (CEMIC) index. Antibiofilm activity was evalu…

Application of novel nanomaterials with dual functions of antimicrobial and remineralization in mouthwashes.

The study aims to improve the antimicrobial and remineralization-promoting properties of mouthwash by synthesizing novel Ag/ZnO/Oyster Shells nanocomposites and evaluating their anti-caries properties and biosafety in vitro and in vivo, so as to reduce the incidence of caries. The antimicrobial properties of the synthesized Ag/ZnO/Oyster Shell nanocomposites were examined by bacterial inhibition zone, minimum inhibitory concentration, minimum bactericidal concentration, fluorescence staining and scanning electron microscopy. The potential of the materials to promote remineralization of deminer

Morphological and Elemental Evaluation of Investigative Mouthwashes to Repair Acid-Eroded Tooth Surface.

PURPOSE: Erosive tooth wear (ETW) is characterized by subsurface demineralization and tooth substance loss with crater formation. Remineralization of subsurface demineralization has previously been demonstrated; however, repair of the eroded surface is still under investigation. This study investigated the effectiveness of mouthwashes containing hydrolyzed wheat protein (HWP) in repairing ETW through promotion of organized crystal growth. METHODS: Enamel Erosion was created on 210 enamel blocks by 10-minute demineralization in 1% Citric Acid (pH 3.5). Then, blocks were randomly assigned to se…

Essential oils-containing mouthwashes for gingivitis and plaque: Meta-analyses and meta-regression.

OBJECTIVES: To evaluate the efficacy of EO as adjuncts to mechanical plaque control (MPC) on the reduction of plaque and gingivitis when com … =63.6%; QHI-R2=80.1%) by differences between studies in the percentage of males, supervision of the mouthwashes and provision of oral hygiene. CONCLUSIONS: EO seems to be superior to placebo+MPC and CPC+MPC for reduction of plaque and gingival inflammation in patients with gingivitis. Expected benefits may be clinically relevant and may also reach the interp …

Do mouthwashes with and without bleaching agents degrade the force of elastomeric chains?

OBJECTIVE: To evaluate, in vitro, the effect of mouthwashes with and without bleaching agents on the force of elastomeric chains. MATERIALS AND METHODS: A total of 108 elastomeric chain specimens was divided into six groups (n = 18 in each group). Two test groups were exposed to two types of commonly used mouthwashes (Plax and Listerine), and two groups were exposed to mouthwashes containing bleaching agent (Plax Whitening and Listerine Whitening). Immersion in the solutions was performed twice a day for 60 seconds. One group of control specimens remained immersed in artificial saliva through…

Corrosion resistance of three orthodontic brackets: a comparative study of three fluoride mouthwashes.

In the present study, three types of orthodontic brackets were investigated: cobalt-chromium (CoCr), iron-chromium-nickel (FeCrNi) and titanium (Ti) based. Their corrosion resistance was compared with that of platinum (Pt), which was chosen as the reference material because of its excellent electrochemical properties. The test solutions were Elmex, Meridol and Acorea fluoride mouthwashes. Fusayama Meyer artificial saliva was used as the reference solution. The corrosion resistance of the different brackets in the three mouthwashes was assessed electrochemically to determine the corrosion poten…

Efficacy of 0.12% chlorhexidine mouthwash containing 0.001% EDTA versus commercially available chlorhexidine mouthwash in minimizing tooth staining: a randomized clinical trial.

BACKGROUND: Chlorhexidine is the most effective plaque and gingivitis control mouthwash. However, it causes some undesirable adverse effects … outhwash (CHX). Additionally, dental plaque and gingival inflammation were compared between the two mouthwashes. METHODS: A double-blind, crossover randomized clinical trial was conducted in 58 healthy participants to compare CHX + EDTA (test group) and CHX (control group). After professional cleaning at baseline, participants were assigned to use a mouthwash …

Comparative evaluation of propolis mouthwash with 0.2% chlorhexidine mouthwash as an adjunct to mechanical therapy in improving the periodontitis among perimenopausal women: a randomized controlled trial.

OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the efficacy of Propolis mouthwash compared to chlorhexidine mouthwash as an adjunct to mechanical therapy in improving clinical parameters in perimenopausal women with chronic periodontitis. METHODOLOGY: A double-blind, randomized, controlled clinical trial was conducted by recruiting 144 subjects with mild to moderate chronic periodontitis. After scaling and root planning, subjects were allocated to two treatment groups: 0.2% chlorhexidine mouthwash and 20% propolis mouthwash twice daily for six weeks. Clinical parameters such as pocket probing depth (PPD), clinical a

Effect of Doxepin Mouthwash or Diphenhydramine-Lidocaine-Antacid Mouthwash vs Placebo on Radiotherapy-Related Oral Mucositis Pain: The Alliance A221304 Randomized Clinical Trial.

IMPORTANCE: Oral mucositis causes substantial morbidity during head and neck radiotherapy. In a randomized study, doxepin mouthwash was show … important difference. Further research is needed to assess longer-term efficacy and safety for both mouthwashes. TRIAL REGISTRATION: ClinicalTrials.gov Identifier: NCT02229539.

Over-the-counter and compounded mouthwashes for radiotherapy-induced xerostomia: a randomized controlled trial.

Head and neck radiotherapy quantitatively and qualitatively compromises salivary flow, and salivary substitutes have the potential to alleviate the symptoms. This study aims to assess the effectiveness of two salivary substitutes in relieving symptoms of radiotherapy-induced xerostomia through a double-blind randomized controlled trial. Twenty-four patients were selected from a dental oncology clinic and randomly assigned to the over-the-counter or compounded mouthwash group. Each patient was instructed to rinse their oral cavity with the assigned solution three times a day for 30 days. Both p

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… The formulation of both mouthwashes is described in Table 1 . Each participant received two mouthwash bottles to ensure sufficient supply for mouth rinsing throughout the study. … Table 1 Xerolacer® and Urea mouthwashes formulations listed by manufacturer and related function. …

Effect of chlorhexidine mouthwashes on periodontal parameters and extrinsic tooth staining in orthodontic patients.

INTRODUCTION: Periodontal health and biofilm control are primordial to success in orthodontic treatment. This study aimed to evaluate the effect of chlorhexidine (CHX) mouthwashes on periodontal status and extrinsic tooth staining in orthodontic patients. METHODS: Thirty-three patients of both sexes, aged 11-33 years, under orthodontic treatment with fixed appliances at <16 months, were randomly distributed into 2 groups. In the control group, patients received mechanical hygiene instruction, and in the experimental group, patients also used CHX wash twice a week for 60 days. The effectivity …