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Postnatal functional integrity of the brainstem auditory pathway in late preterm infants born of small-for-gestation age: how different from those born of appropriate-for-gestation.

It is unclear whether there is any postnatal abnormality in brainstem auditory function in late preterm small-for-gestational-age (SGA) infa … g in the MLS BAER I-III interval in SGA infants at higher click rates, suggesting moderately faster neural conduction in the caudal brainstem regions. Postnatal neural maturation in the caudal brainstem regions is moderately accelerated in late preterm SGA infants. What is Known: • At 40 weeks of postconceptional age, late preterm SGA infants manifested a mild dela …

Perinatal maturation of the auditory brain stem response: changes in path length and conduction velocity.

OBJECTIVE: The goal of this study was to correlate developmental data on brain stem auditory path length with data on auditory brain stem response (ABR) conduction time. This was done to estimate changing axonal conduction velocity during the perinatal period. DESIGN: Pathway length was determined by three-dimensional reconstruction of postmortem fetal and infant brain stems in an AutoCAD system. Brain stem conduction time was obtained from previous ABR studies of premature, term, and post-term infants. The process of correlation of path length and conduction time was based on a model of ABR

Картирование мозжечного мозга в случае задержек с проведением: следующий шаг для личностных моделей мозга в многоразовом склерозе.

Множественный склероз (MS) — клинически неоднородное, многофакторное аутоиммунное расстройство, затрагивающее центральную нервную систему. Структурные повреждения миелинской оболочки, приводящие к замедлению скорости проведения, являются ключевым патофизиологическим механизмом. На самом деле, скорость проведения тесно связана с степенью миэлизации, при этом более толстые миелиновые оболочки связаны с более высокой скоростью проведения. Однако не известно, как интенсивность структурных повреждений миелина ведет к замедлению течения нервной системы. В этой работе мы используем крупномасштабные м

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… It effectively highlights the role of white‐matter lesions and their impact on neural conduction, which is a central feature of MS. Furthermore, there are inherent limitations in the validation of the model's predictions on empirical data, due to volume conduction. …

Decreased thalamocortical connectivity in resolved Rolandic epilepsy.

OBJECTIVE: Median nerve somatosensory evoked fields (SEFs) conduction times reflect the integrity of neural transmission across the thalamocortical circuit. We hypothesized median nerve SEF conduction time would be abnormal in children with Rolandic epilepsy (RE). METHODS: 22 children with RE (10 active; 12 resolved) and 13 age-matched controls underwent structural and diffusion MRI and median nerve and visual stimulation during magnetoencephalography (MEG). N20 SEF responses were identified in contralateral somatosensory cortices. P100 were identified in contralateral occipital cortices as c

EEG Spatiotemporal Patterns Underlying Self-other Voice Discrimination.

There is growing evidence showing that the representation of the human "self" recruits special systems across different functions and modalities. Compared to self-face and self-body representations, few studies have investigated neural underpinnings specific to self-voice. Moreover, self-voice stimuli in those studies were consistently presented through air and lacking bone conduction, rendering the sound of self-voice stimuli different to the self-voice heard during natural speech. Here, we combined psychophysics, voice-morphing technology, and high-density EEG in order to identify the spatio

Neural precursors as a cell source to repair the demyelinated spinal cord.

Schwann cells and neural precursor cells derived from adult human brain (subventricular zone) and from bone marrow were studied anatomically and physiologically after transplantation into the demyelinated rat spinal cord. All cell types formed myelin and restored conduction velocity. Following transection of the dorsal funiculus, Schwann cells and olfactory ensheathing cells facilitated axonal regeneration and restoration of conduction across the lesion site. There is discussion on the challenges of cell type selection and preparation for a potential clinical cell therapy study in human demyel

Vibration-induced multifocal neuropathy in forestry workers: electrophysiological findings in relation to vibration exposure and finger circulation.

OBJECTIVES: To investigate neural conduction in the upper limbs of symptomatic forestry workers with and without exposure to hand-transmitted vibration. A further aim was to assess the possible relationships between vibration exposure, nerve conduction and finger circulation in the forestry workers who used chain saws. METHODS: A detailed neurophysiological investigation was performed on the upper extremities of 20 chain saw workers, 20 forestry operators with heavy manual work but without vibration exposure, and 20 healthy male controls. All subjects were screened to exclude polyneuropathy. …

[Enhancing Neuromuscular Disease Diagnosis through Electrophysiology].

Electrophysiologic testing plays an important role in evaluating peripheral nerve, muscle, and neuromuscular junction diseases, aiding in diagnosis and treatment strategies by offering real-time assessment. Demyelination of peripheral nerves results in increased conduction delay, temporal dispersion, conduction block, and stimulation threshold. The localization or diffusion of these changes is crucial in understanding disease pathogenesis, necessitating stimulation at multiple points along nerve pathways. When axonal degeneration occurs, the amplitude is reduced, with mild conduction delay. Ac

Tongue Hemiatrophy in Multifocal Motor Neuropathy.

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Carpal tunnel syndrome: Nerve studies are not that useful in diagnosis.

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Carpal tunnel syndrome.

PURPOSE OF REVIEW: Carpal tunnel syndrome, though generally successfully treated by surgical decompression, still results in significant morbidity. The causes remain unclear and there is uncertainty about appropriate investigations for diagnosis and assessment of severity. The best nonsurgical treatment is yet to be fully elucidated. Recent work has begun to cast some light on these uncertainties. RECENT FINDINGS: The pathology of idiopathic carpal tunnel syndrome is a noninflammatory fibrosis of the subsynovial connective tissue surrounding the flexor tendons. Biochemical studies of surgical

Nerve damage in tuberculoid leprosy.

The pattern of ulnar nerve damage was studied in forty five patients suffering from Borderline Tuberculoid leprosy. All the patients were subjected to sensory and Voluntary Muscle Testings of the hands. It was observed that while all patients should evidence of sensory and autonomic deficit in the ulnar nerve-supplied areas of the hands, only forty patients showed the evidence of motor deficit in the muscles supplied by the same nerve. The probable mechanism of selective sparing of motor function in the remaining five patients is discussed.

Electrodiagnostic studies in Bell's palsy.

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Botulism: a case report.

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Nodal conduction block and reversible conduction failure are not electrophysiological markers for axonal loss.

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Motor neuropathy with multifocal conduction block.

Our present understanding of the syndromes of CIDP and MMN is insufficient to separate them clearly. I believe that MMN is simply a multifocal, predominantly motor variant of CIDP. Furthermore, the highly touted resemblance of MMN to MND has been exaggerated; these syndromes are only superficially similar and can readily be distinguished on clinical and electrophysiologic grounds. MMN is rare but is probably more common than initially believed; certainly, the literature is replete with reports of cases. Further studies are needed to clarify fully the relationship between CIDP and MMN and the r

Tarsal tunnel nerve conduction.

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[Biochemical examinations and measurements of conduction velocity of trichloroethylene exposed persons (author's transl)].

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Mechanisms of action of local anaesthetics.

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Changes in excitability and impulse transmission following prolonged repetitive activity in normal subjects and patients with a focal nerve lesion.

The present study was undertaken to document the excitability changes produced by prolonged high-frequency trains of impulses and to determine whether these changes in excitability would impair neural transmission in cutaneous afferents of patients with focal slowing of conduction across the carpal tunnel. A submaximal test stimulus was used to measure the changes in axonal excitability following trains of supramaximal stimuli delivered at 200 Hz for 30 s, 1 min or 2 min. These trains produced a prolonged depression in excitability in normal axons with gradual recovery to control levels over 2