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Combined angioma and glioma (angioglioma).

Ten patients in whom tissue proliferation akin to angioglioma occurred within the brain are described; seven of the lesions were supratentor … ed of either astrocytoma, oligodendroglioma, or mixtures of these gliomas. Dedifferentiation of the neuroglia combined with neoplastic endothelial proliferation indicates the true neoplastic nature rather than reactive gliosis associated with a vascular anomaly.

[Neurochemical and morphological changes of microstructures of the compact part of the substantia nigra of human brain in aging and Parkinson's disease (literature review).].

For investigation of pathogenetic patterns of Parkinson's disease, it is important to adequately assess the mechanisms of age-related involution and morphological changes that are formed in the brain during this process. Clinical symptoms, detected in Parkinson's disease (rigidity, hypokinesia, tremor), indicate the involvement in the pathological process of nigrostriate brain formations due to the death of dopamine neurons in the compact part of the substantia nigra. At the same time, the loss of these neurons, as well as the change in the number of neuroglia cells in the substantia nigra of …

Астроциты и микроглиа в многократном склерозе и оптике нейромиелита.

Множественные склерозы и нейромиелитные оптики являются аутоиммунными нейродегенеративными заболеваниями, в первую очередь направленными против миелиновых ножей и нейроглии. В множестве склерозов автоантифиды уничтожают олигодендроциты и миелин, который лежит в основе первичных неврологических симптомов. Ущерб, причиненный миелину, вызывает реактивный астроглиоз и микроглиоз, что в значительной степени способствует и определяет прогрессию болезни. В оптице нейромиелита автоантитела против аквапорина 4 (AQP4), которые локализованы на астроцитическом концефите, способствуют повреждению глианских

Совпадение в аннотации оригинала
Multiple sclerosis and neuromyelitis optica are autoimmune neurodegenerative diseases primarily targeting myelin sheath and neuroglia. In multiple sclerosis, autoantibodies destroy oligodendrocytes and myelin, which underlies primary neurologic symptoms. Focal damage to myelin triggers reactive astrogliosis and microgliosis, which contribute to and to a larg…

High potassium, veratridine and electrically induced release of taurine from the cerebellar cortex.

In the in vivo superfused cerebellar cortex of anaesthetized rats, the following stimuli were effective in evoking large increases of isotop … (10(-6) g.ml-1). The data indicate that taurine is being released from excitable cells rather than neuroglia and may therefore have some neurotransmitter-like role in the cerebellum.

[Clinical manifestations and pathological mechanisms of central post-stroke pain at different lesion sites].

Central post-stroke pain (CPSP), a common sequela of stroke, is a type of central neuropathic pain characterized by spontaneous pain, hyperalgesia, and allodynia, which significantly hinders post-stroke rehabilitation. The pathophysiology of CPSP is complex, involving functional abnormalities in multiple neural pathways. Core mechanisms include central sensitization, central disinhibition, neuroglial overactivation, and neurotransmitter imbalances, all of which are associated with neuroinflammation and ion channel dysregulation. This review systematically summarizes the clinical manifestations…

[Morphology and pathogenesis of "brain death" in stroke].

The results of morphological examinations of the central nervous system and hypophysis in 15 cases of insult and "brain death" developing in patients under conditions of application of artificial lung ventilation (ALV). Isolated death of the brain was observed to be due to discontinuation of intracerebral circulation owing to a sharp increase of intracranial pressure. Morphologically, cerebral edema, necrosis of all parts of the brain without reactive changes in neuroglia and vessels, necrosis of the 1st and 2nd cervical segments of the spinal cord, necroses in adenohypophysis, zones of demark…

[Development of current problems regarding perinatal CNS lesions from a neuropathologic viewpoint].

Perinatal central-nervous-system lesions may be found in as many as one third of all subjects who died before, during, or after the time of … prognostic dignity in regard to the possible formation of synapses and the problem of damage to the neuroglia are as yet imperfectly understood.

A case of ovarian mature cystic teratoma presenting as a pedunculated ileal tumor.

We report on a 34-year-old Japanese woman who presented with a pedunculated ileal tumor and who was finally diagnosed as having a right ovar … l resection and right ovarian cystectomy were performed. The ileal tumor contained tissues of skin, neuroglia, ganglion, choroid, retina, smooth muscle, as well as fibrous and adipose tissues, cartilage, bone, mucous epithelium, and bronchial structures with bronchial glands. The necrotic nodule showed abscess, granulation tissue, foreign body reaction, hai …

Tuberous sclerosis in the premature infant: a report of a case with immunohistochemistry on the CNS.

Numerous hard cortical nodules, a large subependymal giant-cell astrocytoma and a massive rhabdomyoma were described in a hydropic infant of … zones. The findings strongly indicate that hamartomatous differentiation of pluripotential germinal neuroglia in the subependymal layer establishes early in the gestational stage and causes aberrant and/or arrested migration towards the cortical surfaces.

Combined paraganglioma and glioma of conus medullaris and cauda equina.

A mixed paraganglioma and glioma occurred in the conus medullaris and cauda equina of a woman. The tumor was subdural, encapsulated, and vascular. It was first manifested with symptoms and signs of compression of the cauda equina when she was 19 years of age and was excised when she was 24. The tumor was attached to the conus medullaris, the dura mater, and a nerve root of the cauda equina. Striking light and dark cells with an organoid arrangement mingled with a few glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP)-positive neuroglia forming a combined paraganglioma and glioma. Twenty-three paragangliom…

Progression of herpes encephalitis in rabbits following the intra-ocular injection of type I virus.

The injection of HSV type I into the vitreous body of the eye in the 18-day-old albino rabbits consistently induces herpes encephalitis with 90% survival. The longterm observations up to 64 days post-inculation indicate that HSV travels slowly by cell-to-cell infection of neuroglia. The lesions follow a defined anatomical pathway producing a progressive disease not dissimilar to the natural human disease. Semiserial (1 micron) sections show that as the infection progresses tissue repair follows. It appears that HSV does not become latent, repeated episodes of viral activity cause further damag…

Retinal Ganglion Cell Axon Fractionation.

Retinal ganglion cell (RGC) axon regeneration in mammals can be stimulated through gene knockouts, pharmacological agents, and biophysical s … rose beads are used to isolate CTB-bound axons from a nonbound fraction of extracellular matrix and neuroglia. We provide a method of verifying fractionation by immunodetection of conjugated CTB and the RGC marker, Tuj1 (β-tubulin III). These fractions can be further analyzed with lipidomic methods, such as LC-MS/MS to gather fraction-specific enrichments.

Mini-review: Interaction between intestinal microbes and enteric glia in health and disease.

Enteric glia are a unique population of peripheral neuroglia associated with the enteric nervous system (ENS) throughout the digestive tract. The emerging data from the latest glial biology studies unveiled enteric glia as a heterogenic population with plastic and adaptative abilities that display phenotypic and functional changes upon distinct extrinsic cues. This aspect is essential in the dynamic signaling that enteric glia engage with neurons and other neighboring cells within the intestinal wall, such as epithelial, endocrine, and immune cells to maintain local homeostasis. Likewise, ente…

An unusual type of infantile lipofuscinosis.

The case of a child is described who at the age of 2 years showed the first evidence of a developing neurological disease. Within a couple o … ain. The cerebral cortex was particularly involved. Most of the cortical neurons were destroyed and neuroglia showed abundant proliferation. The few remaining neurons contained inclusion material which was identified as lipofuscin. Noticeable cedifferences from the various types of amaurotic idiocies are noted and similarities to a case of lipidosis recentl …

The amyloid-beta wave hypothesis of Alzheimer's disease.

Alzheimer's disease (AD) is a complex and multifactorial disorder that affects all races and genders. Genetic traits influenced by lifestyle … nfections. We hypothesize that there are, "amyloid-beta waves" that are created by the responses of neuroglia and neurons to microbial pathogens. The improper clearance and residual buildup of amyloid-beta waves throughout life increases the likelihood of developing Alzheimer's disease. In conclusion, we suggest that anti-amyloid therapies during pathogenic …

Altered GnRH neuron-glia networks close to interface of polycystic ovary syndrome: Molecular mechanism and clinical perspectives.

Polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) has been noticed as a neuroendocrine syndrome manifested by reproductive hormone dysregulation involving increased luteinizing hormone (LH) pulse frequency and an increased LH to follicle-stimulating hormone ratio, yet theory is just beginning to be established. Neuroglia located in the arcuate nucleus and median eminence (ARC-ME) that are close to gonadotropin-releasing hormone (GnRH) axon terminals, comprise the blood-brain barrier and fenestrated vessels implying their putative roles in the modulation of the abnormal GnRH pulse in PCOS. This review outlines …

Mowat-Wilson syndrome factor ZEB2 controls early formation of human neural crest through BMP signaling modulation.

Mowat-Wilson syndrome is caused by mutations in ZEB2, with patients exhibiting characteristics indicative of neural crest (NC) defects. We e … ene network and proper NC cell terminal differentiation into osteoblasts and peripheral neurons and neuroglia. This ZEB2 mutation causes early misexpression of BMP signaling ligands, which can be rescued by the attenuation of BMP. Our findings suggest that ZEB2 regulates early human NC specification by modulating proper BMP signaling and further elaborate t …

Upregulation of lncRNA147410.3 in the Brain of Mice With Chronic Toxoplasma Infection Promoted Microglia Apoptosis by Regulating Hoxb3.

Toxoplasma gondii is neurotropic and affects the function of nerve cells, while the mechanism is unclear. LncRNAs are abundantly enriched in … ed as Hoxb3. The localization of lncRNA147410.3 in the brain and cells was proved in the nucleus of neuroglia through FISH assay. Furthermore, the function of lncRNA147410.3 on neuronal cell was confirmed that lncRNA147410.3 could affect proliferation, differentiation, and apoptosis of mouse microglia by positively regulating Hoxb3. Thus, our study explored …

Tissue changes induced by marginal vitamin C deficiency.

Chronic marginal vitamin C deficiency in guinea pigs results in alterations in certain tissues that are quite different from those observed following acute deficiency. In autonomic ganglia, although changes observed in the organelles of some cells are similar to those seen in acute deficiency, the specific changes are the presence of large numbers of cilia in the cytoplasm of both ganglion cells and their associated neuroglia and the marked proliferation of collagen fibers in the extracellular spaces. The evidence presented points to a link between vitamin C and arteriosclerosis. One mode of i…

Postnatal changes in TASK-1 and TREK-1 expression in rat brain stem and cerebellum.

Developmental changes in expression of two-pore domain K+ channels, TASK-1 and TREK-1, were investigated in the juvenile (postnatal day 13; … and facial motoneurons, and ventrolateral medulla neurons was increased in the adult. TASK-1-LIR in neuroglia surrounding peripheral axons of cranial nerves was persistent. TREK-1-LIR was similar between ages, although TREK-1-LIR was neuronal and present only in juvenile cerebellar external germinal layer. Present results suggest roles for TASK-1 and K+ hom …