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Next-Generation Vaccines for Co-Circulating PEDV and TGEV: Integrating Nucleic Acid Platforms, Mucosal Delivery, and AI-Driven Antigen Design.

Porcine epidemic diarrhea virus (PEDV) and transmissible gastroenteritis virus (TGEV) are causative agents of acute enteric diseases in pigs and have a high contagion potential. These coronaviruses (CoVs) impose substantial economic losses on global pork production, particularly affecting lactating piglets where coinfections occur. Although traditional vaccines offer partial protection, their efficacy is increasingly challenged by the continuous emergence of mutated strains of PEDV and TGEV. This underscores the demand for novel vaccines with improved protective efficacy and cost-effectiveness…

[Progress in epidemiological research of norovirus infection].

With characteristics of high infectivity, diverse transmission routes and high variation, norovirus is the main pathogen of sporadic cases and outbreaks of acute gastroenteritis, resulting in a serious disease burden. This paper summarizes the latest progress in epidemiological research of norovirus infection from aspects of disease burden caused by acute gastroenteritis, virus variation and predominant strains, prevention and control measures, and immunization and vaccine development.

Отрицательно заряженные остатки в эндодомене имеют решающее значение для конкретного соединения белка шипа в муринный коронавирус.

Протеин коронавируса (S) соединяется с вирионами через карбокситермин, который состоит из трансмембранной области и эндодомена. Здесь было установлено, что движущая сила, богатая зарядом в эндодомене, имеет решающее значение для специфичности S-комбинации в вирусе гепатита мыши (MHV). Рекомбинантные MHV продемонстрировали ряд возможностей для размещения гомологовых S-эндоводов из бета-коронавирусов говяжьего коронавируса и человека, связанного с SARS, коронавируса, альфакоронавирусного трансмиссивного гастроэнтерита (TGEV) и гаммакоронавируса птичьего инфекционного бронхита, соответственно. Ин

Совпадение в аннотации оригинала
Coronavirus spike (S) protein assembles into virions via its carboxy-terminus, which is composed of a transmembrane domain and an endodomain … oronaviruses bovine coronavirus and human SARS-associated coronavirus, the alphacoronavirus porcine transmissible gastroenteritis virus (TGEV), and the gammacoronavirus avian infectious bronchitis virus respectively. Interestingly, in TGEV endodomain chimeras the reverting mutations resulted in stronger S incorporation into virions, and a net gain of negatively charged residues in t …

Efficacy and immunogenicity of recombinant swinepox virus expressing the A epitope of the TGEV S protein.

To explore the possibility of developing a vaccine against transmissible gastroenteritis virus (TGEV) infection, a recombinant swinepox virus (rSPV-SA) expressing a TGEV protective antigen has been constructed. Immune responses and protection efficacy of the vaccination vector were assessed in both mice and pig models. An indirect ELISA assay suggested that when mice were vaccinated with rSPV-SA, the level of IgG against TGEV was enhanced dramatically. The cytokine assays were employed and the results indicated that both the Th1-type and Th2-type cytokine levels raised after vaccination with r…

Viral gastroenteritis aboard a cruise ship.

A 32-nm small round structured virus (SRSV), possibly related to the Snow Mountain agent (SMA), was implicated as the cause of recurrent outbreaks of gastroenteritis on a cruise ship. There was no identifiable relation to food or water consumption, but the risk of gastroenteritis among passengers who had shared toilet facilities was twice that of those who had a private bathroom and the rate of illness was related to the number of passengers sharing a communal restroom (ie, with one or more toilets): contaminated bathrooms may be an important vehicle for person-to-person spread of this enteric

Antiviral effects of Bovine antimicrobial peptide against TGEV in vivo and in vitro.

BACKGROUND: In suckling piglets, transmissible gastroenteritis virus (TGEV) causes lethal diarrhea accompanied by high infection and mortality rates, leading to considerable economic losses. This study explored methods of preventing or inhibiting their production. Bovine antimicrobial peptide-13 (APB-13) has antibacterial, antiviral, and immune functions. OBJECTIVES: This study analyzed the efficacy of APB-13 against TGEV through in vivo and in vitro experiments. METHODS: The effects of APB-13 toxicity and virus inhibition rate on swine testicular (ST) cells were detected using 3-(4,5-dimeth…

A trivalent enteric coronaviruses inactivated vaccine provides effective protection against PEDV, TGEV, and PDCoV.

Porcine epidemic diarrhea virus (PEDV), transmissible gastroenteritis virus (TGEV), and porcine deltacoronavirus (PDCoV) are three major coronaviruses responsible for severe diarrhea and mortality in piglets. Co-infections of these pathogens are frequently present in clinical cases, which aggravate the clinical symptoms and cause substantial economic losses in the swine industry. Currently, no commercially available vaccine has broad-spectrum protective efficacy against all three viruses. In this study, we developed a trivalent inactivated vaccine targeting PEDV, TGEV, and PDCoV, to evaluate i…

Norovirus disease: changing epidemiology and host susceptibility factors.

Noroviruses cause the majority of acute viral gastroenteritis cases that occur worldwide. The increased recognition of noroviruses as the cause of outbreaks and sporadic disease is due to the recent availability of improved norovirus-specific diagnostics. Transmission of these viruses is facilitated by their high prevalence in the community, shedding of infectious virus particles from asymptomatic individuals and the high stability of the virus in the environment. Currently, the spectrum of clinical disease and the understanding of host susceptibility factors are changing. Cases of chronic nor

Гидроксиапатит-Бакалин Нанородс с Sharp Edges для широкого применения в антивирусных целях.

Острая структура неорганических наноматериалов привлекла к себе значительный интерес, поскольку она может дать широкие спектральные антивирусные свойства. В этой связи для изучения их антивирусной активности был синтезирован ряд нанородов на основе гидроксиапатита (HA-B) с четко определенными соотношениями сторон. Среди них, HA-B0,05wt% продемонстрировали наивысшее соотношение сторон (AR = 11,7 ± 4,7) и продемонстрировали мощную, широкомасштабную антивирусную активность в борьбе с вирусом, окрашенным в конвертированную среду, включая псевдорабочий вирус (PRV, вирус ДНК), трансмиссивный желудоч

Совпадение в аннотации оригинала
The sharp-edged structure of inorganic nanomaterials has attracted considerable interest due to its potential to confer broad-spectrum antiv … spectrum antiviral activity against enveloped virus, including pseudorabies virus (PRV, DNA virus), transmissible gastroenteritis virus (TGEV, RNA virus), and porcine epidemic diarrhea virus (PEDV, RNA virus). For extracellular viruses, HA-B0.05wt% exerts its antiviral effect primarily through the physical disruption of viral envelopes, facilitated by its sharp-edged nanostructures. …

An outbreak of acute gastroenteritis in a geriatric long-term-care facility: combined application of epidemiological and molecular diagnostic methods.

OBJECTIVE: To assess possible transmission modes of, and risk factors for, gastroenteritis associated with Norwalk-like viruses (NLVs) in a geriatric long-term-care facility. METHODS: During a prolonged outbreak of acute gastroenteritis, epidemiological data on illness among residents and employees were collected in conjunction with stool, vomitus, and environmental specimens for viral testing. NLVs were identified by electron microscopy in stool and vomitus specimens, and further characterized by reverse-transcriptase polymerase chain reaction and nucleotide sequencing. Potential risk factor

[Noroviruses and sapoviruses in man and farm animals].

Noro- and Sapoviruses belong to the virus family Caliciviridae and are important causative agents of acute epidemic gastroenteritis in man. In many cases transmission of Noro- and Sapoviruses occurs via contaminated food or water and the respective diseases are therefore designated as food borne. Recently, the presence of Noro- and Sapoviruses in farm animals has attracted increasing attention. Clinical symptoms were observed after experimental infection of cattle and swine with members of the two virus groups. Thus far it is not known, whether virus transmission from animals to man does occur

Isolation and characterization of the first Chinese strain of porcine Teschovirus-8.

Investigations were carried out to identify the causal agent of acute diarrhea, respiratory distress, and death of pigs on a swine farm in J … r pathogenic agents causing diarrhea, respiratory distress, and death (including porcine rotavirus, transmissible gastroenteritis virus of swine, porcine epidemic diarrhea virus, classical swine fever virus, pseudorabies virus, porcine circovirus, porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus, Japanese encephalitis virus, Mycoplasma, Leptospira, Streptococcus, Listeria, and Br …

Epidemiology of Norwalk gastroenteritis and the role of Norwalk virus in outbreaks of acute nonbacterial gastroenteritis.

Outbreaks of Norwalk gastroenteritis, which may involve persons of all ages, occur during all seasons and in various locations. Waterborne, foodborne, and person-to-person modes of transmission have been described, and secondary person-to-person transmission is common. Outbreaks generally end in about 1 week; longer outbreaks occur only when new groups of susceptible persons are introduced, usually in the setting of a persistent common source of infection. The illness is generally mild and characterized by nausea, vomiting, diarrhea, and abdominal cramps. Vomiting is the predominant symptom am

Is norovirus a foodborne or pandemic pathogen? An analysis of the transmission of norovirus-associated gastroenteritis and the roles of food and food handlers.

This study examined the association of norovirus with foodborne disease outbreaks linked to food handlers and foodborne outbreaks of acute gastroenteritis associated with norovirus, in comparison to Salmonella foodborne gastroenteritis. Comparative analysis using chi(2)-tests showed no similarity between the outbreaks from norovirus and those from Salmonella. Odds ratios also showed a stronger similarity between the proportions of food handler-implicated norovirus outbreaks than from Salmonella-implicated outbreaks. An analysis of data found norovirus transmission to occur more frequently spre

A large hotel outbreak of Norwalk-like virus gastroenteritis among three groups of guests and hotel employees in Virginia.

A large outbreak of acute gastroenteritis occurred among three different groups of guests and the employees of a Virginia hotel within a 2-week period in November 2000. At least 76 of the hotel's guests and 40 hotel employees had acute gastroenteritis during this period. All tested ill persons were infected with the same strain of Norwalk-like virus, as shown by cloning and sequencing of virus detected in stool specimens from the three guest groups and the employees. Epidemiologic investigation suggested food as the probable source for the guests. Most of the employees, including those sick, d

A Comprehensive Review on Human Aichi Virus.

Although norovirus, rotavirus, adenovirus and Astrovirus are considered the most important viral agents transmitted by food and water, in recent years other viruses, such as Aichi virus (AiV), have emerged as responsible for gastroenteritis outbreaks associated with different foods. AiV belongs to the genus Kobuvirus of the family Picornaviridae. It is a virus with icosahedral morphology that presents a single stranded RNA genome with positive sense (8280 nucleotides) and a poly (A) chain. AiV was first detected from clinical samples and in recent years has been involved in acute gastroenterit

Norovirus GII.17 Natural Infections in Rhesus Monkeys, China.

Noroviruses are a leading viral cause of acute gastroenteritis among humans. During the 2014-15 epidemic season, norovirus GII.17 was detected in rhesus monkeys in China. Genetic, structural, and challenge studies revealed virus mutations and verified the infections. Thus, cross-species transmission may occur, and monkeys may be a virus reservoir.

Development of colloidal gold and carbon immunochromatographic strips for rapid detection of PDCoV.

Porcine deltacoronavirus (PDCoV) is an enteric coronavirus that causes diarrhea in suckling piglets, leading to serious economic losses in t … excellent specificity, exhibiting no cross-reactivity with porcine epidemic diarrhea virus (PEDV), transmissible gastroenteritis virus (TGEV), or other viruses. Testing 137 clinical fecal samples showed that gold strips had 92.7% agreement with both RT-PCR and western blot, while carbon strips reached over 88%. These results demonstrate that gold- and carbon-nanoparticle-based immu …

Generation of APN-chimeric gene-edited pigs by CRISPR/Cas9-mediated knock-in strategy.

The prevalence of porcine enteric coronaviruses (PECs), including transmissible gastroenteritis virus (TGEV), swine acute diarrhea syndrome coronavirus (SADS-CoV), porcine delta coronavirus (PDCoV), and porcine epidemic diarrhea virus (PEDV), poses a serious threat to animal and public health. Here, we aimed to further optimize the porcine aminopeptidase N (pAPN) gene editing strategy to explore the balance between individual antiviral properties and the biological functions of pAPN in pigs. Finally, APN-chimeric gene-edited pigs were produced through a CRISPR/Cas9-mediated knock-in strategy. …

Establishment of a stable CHO cell line with high level expression of recombinant porcine IFN-β.

A CHO cell clone (CHO-PoIFN-β) with stable porcine IFN-β expression under control of CMV promoter was selected under G418 pressure. In a 25c … n. In addition, the recombinant PoIFN-β fully protected PK15 cells against 1000 TCID(50) of porcine transmissible gastroenteritis virus and pseudo-rabies virus infection, demonstrating its high potential in therapeutic applications. This is the first report of establishing a mammalian cell line with stable expression of porcine IFN-β.