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Epidemiology of vascular catheter-related bloodstream infections in a large university hospital in Israel.

Intravascular catheter-related infection and associated bacteraemia constitute a serious and increasing problem among nosocomial infections. As a part of an ongoing survey of positive blood cultures, all catheter-related bloodstream infections (CR-BSI) were reviewed in the authors' Medical Center in 1996, in order to evaluate the magnitude and seriousness of this problem. The largest group (28%) of hospital-acquired bacteraemia by 1 source of infection during 1996 was CR-BSI, identified in 110 patients with 126 episodes. The vascular line was central in 83 (66%), peripheral in 24 (19%), tunnel

Starting times of school: effects on daytime functioning of fifth-grade children in Israel.

In the present study we investigated the effects of school starting time on daytime behavior and sleep. Eight-hundred and eleven 5th grade pupils (10-12 years old) from 28 classes in 18 schools throughout Israel were divided into "early risers" (N = 232) who started school at 07:10 (42%) at least 2 times a week, and "regular risers" (N = 340) who always started school at 08:00 (58%). The remaining 239 pupils started school between 7:20 and 07:55 (and also after 08:00), and were not included in the study. Self-administered questionnaires concerning sleep habits during school days, weekends, and…

[Evaluation of a local infant formula enriched with polyunsaturated fatty acids produced in Israel].

Polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFA) are vital for the normal development of the brain and the eye retina in infancy. Breast milk contains significant amounts of PUFA, and compensates for their low production in infancy. Only recently a few companies with worldwide product distribution have started to enrich infant formula with PUFA. We evaluated the safety and clinical efficacy of a locally made PUFA-enriched infant formula, produced for the first time in Israel. 50 normal, full term infants participated in a prospective, randomized double-blind study. Half received a regular whey-predominant i…

Hyperbaric oxygen therapy in the pediatric patient: the experience of the Israel Naval Medical Institute.

UNLABELLED: The pediatric patient is to be found in hyperbaric facilities throughout the world, receiving hyperbaric oxygen (HBO) therapy for both life-threatening and chronic diseases. OBJECTIVE: To review the experience accumulated at the Israel Naval Medical Institute in the treatment of pediatric patients. DESIGN: A retrospective analysis and review of all records of patients younger than age 18 years. RESULTS: Between 1980 and 1997, 139 pediatric patients age 2 months to 18 years (mean, 7.7 years) received HBO treatment at the Israel Naval Medical Institute. Of the children, 111 (79%) …

The seasonal occurrence of ticks (Acari: Ixodidae) on sheep and in the field in the Judean area of Israel.

A 2 year survey of ixodid ticks in the Judean area of Israel between 1983 and 1985 showed that sheep were parasitized by the following species: Rhipicephalus sanguineus group (30.6%), Rhipicephalus bursa (25.3%), Haemaphysalis cretica (20.5%), Haemaphysalis otophila (20.1%) and Hyalomma anatolicum excavatum (3.1%). Three other species, Hyalomma marginatum rufipes, Boophilus annulatus and Amblyomma lepidum were also present but in very low numbers. A total of 50,816 specimens (78.1% adult ticks) were collected from the sheep. In the field, a total of 4780 ticks (8.7% adults) were collected and …

Safety profile of copolymer 1: analysis of cumulative experience in the United States and Israel.

This paper summarizes the worldwide cumulative experience with copolymer 1 (Copaxone) in 857 patients who were enrolled in open-label (n = 586), double-blind (n = 201), and compassioniate-use studies (n = 70). The results of a phase III study, including previously unpublished information, are employed to delineate adverse events that occur more frequently among patients treated with copolymer 1 than in placebo-treated controls, and to provide qualitative information. In the cumulative database, patients usually had relapsing-remitting multiple sclerosis and typically received a dose of 20 mg b

Incidence and severity of group A streptococcal bacteremia in a medical center in Israel, 1981-1994.

To determine recent trends in the incidence and severity, group A streptococcal (GAS) bacteremia was studied over the last 14 years (1981-1994). There were 116 events of GAS bacteremia, representing 1.7% of all bacteremic episodes, without an increase in recent years. A total of 108 patients were available for study. Underlying conditions were found in 95 patients (88%), including mainly malignant diseases, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, congestive heart failure and diabetes mellitus. A source of the bacteremia was noted in 71 patients (66%), with skin and soft tissue infection being t

Differences in cord serum retinol concentrations by ethnic origin in the Negev (southern Israel).

Subclinical vitamin A deficiency is related to increased morbidity and mortality in infants and children. Previous studies indicate that the traditional diet of Moslem Bedouins, an important ethnic group in Southern Israel, is low in vitamin A content. Cord serum retinol (vitamin A) concentration was measured by HPLC in samples from 251 apparently healthy (birth weight > 2500 g, gestational age > 37 weeks) neonates with no abnormal perinatal events, 138 Jews and 113 Bedouins. Retinol < 15 micrograms/dl was measured in a total of 14% of infants: in 7% of Jewish and 26% of Bedouin newborns (P < …

Immigration of Ethiopians with typhoid fever to Israel: apparent lack of influence on the local population.

The epidemiology of typhoid fever in Western countries may be affected by immigration from developing countries. We studied the immigration of Ethiopian Jews to Israel to find the effects of an influx of many individuals infected with typhoid into an area with a low incidence of the disease. Typhoid fever affected 204 Israelis and 121 (1.1%) of 10,654 Ethiopian immigrants during the period of 1984-1985. Of those Ethiopian cases, 107 occurred during a 3-month period. During the 5 months following that 3-month period, there was no increase in the number of cases of typhoid among Israelis. Althou…

Typhoid fever in Ethiopian immigrants to Israel and native-born Israelis: a comparative study.

Typhoid fever remains a major cause of mortality in developing countries, with a case-fatality rate (CFR) of 12%-32%, whereas in developed countries this rate has successfully been reduced to < 2%. The cause of this high CFR in developing countries was investigated by studying two populations of patients who had typhoid fever during the years 1984-1985: Ethiopian Jews who were infected in Africa (a region with a high CFR) and treated in Israel (a region with a low CFR) and native-born Israelis. The causative organisms were of similar phage types. Among 121 Ethiopian Jews there were two fatalit…

Attractiveness of vertebrate hosts to Culex pipiens (Diptera: Culicidae) and other mosquitoes in Israel.

Host preferences of mosquitoes, mainly Culex pipiens L. and Aedes caspius (Pallas), were studied in Israel using live baits, chemical attractants, light, and suction traps. The feeding habits of Cx. pipiens were opportunistic. This species used a wide range of mammalian and avian hosts; a calf, chickens, turkeys, and sheep were the most attractive baits. A. caspius fed mainly on large mammals and was most attracted to calf and sheep baits. Although sheep were attractive, few Cx. pipiens and no Ae. caspius engorged after entering the traps. In addition to defensive behavior and the mechanical p…

Distinct Chemotypes of Putative Commiphora gileadensis (L.) C.Chr. Resins from Israel, Oman and Somalia.

Commiphora gileadensis (L.) C.Chr. has long been regarded as the most likely botanical source of the historical apharsemon (Balm of Gilead). Despite considerable historical interest, little is known about the chemical variability of geographically separated populations currently assigned to this taxon. In the present study, resin samples obtained from putative C. gileadensis accessions originating from Ein Gedi (Israel), Oman, and a Somalia-derived accession cultivated in Yotvata, Israel, were analyzed by GC-MS. In addition, freshly collected resin from the Somalia-derived accession was compar…

Identifying safety concerns in geriatric health settings: insights from Israel geriatric home inspection reports.

BACKGROUND: In geriatric long-term care settings, safety is a well-established organizational goal, with measures in place to prevent physical injury and psychological harm to residents. However, no study has yet to use official Ministry of Health inspection data to systematically examine whether, and to what extent, these safety goals are achieved in Israeli geriatric long-term care facilities. OBJECTIVE: Identify safety violations in geriatric care facilities and determine whether there is a gap between written safety regulations and documented practices. METHODS: A qualitative content the…

Аутоиммунные заболевания эфиопского и неэфиопского типа 1 Пациенты диабета в Израиле.

Распространение аутоиммунных заболеваний (АИД) у эфиопских пациентов различного типа 1 диабет (T1D) в основном неизвестен. Цель этого исследования состояла в том, чтобы выявить случаи совместного применения АИД у эфиопских пациентов Т1D и сравнить их распространенность с неэфиопскими израильскими пациентами. Ретроспективный когортный анализ 12,759 Т1D пациентов, в том числе 672 (В тыс.5.3%) лиц эфиопского происхождения, ≥ 18 Годы, зарегистрированные в базе данных медицинского обслуживания Клалита. Случаи насилия в отношении женщин были выявлены ICD-10 коды от 2000 в адрес 2023. Кроме того, был

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The prevalence of autoimmune diseases (AIDs) in Ethiopian patients with type 1 diabetes (T1D) is mainly unknown. This study aimed to determine the co-occurrence of AIDs in T1D Ethiopian patients and to compare their prevalence to non-Ethiopian Israeli patients. A retrospective cohort analysis of 12,759 T1D patients, of whom 672 (5.3%) were of Ethiopian desce…

Quality of Life Among Celiac Patients from the Bedouin Muslim Minority of Southern Israel.

BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES: The Bedouin population of southern Israel is a traditional Muslim community with a tribal structure and a low socioeconomic status. The objective was to assess health-related quality of life in celiac disease (CD-QOL) and its associated factors, in particular the barriers of price (BP) and family life (BF), among Bedouin patients. METHODS: A cross-sectional study based on structured questionnaires. RESULTS: The knowledge level on CD among 107 study participants was extremely low. The mean (SD) on the CD-QOL score was 49.7 (9.1), indicating a relatively good QOL. Ba…

Seasonal and multi-functional use of industrial space at Iron Age Tel Shiqmona, Israel.

Iron Age industrial complexes in the Southern Levant are frequently perceived as static, mono-functional spaces. This study challenges such perceptions by reconstructing the dynamic life history of the 8th-century BCE level of the industrial compound at Tel Shiqmona, the largest known Iron Age purple-dye factory in the Mediterranean and a state-controlled economic asset of the Kingdom of Israel. We conducted a high-resolution investigation of the site's industrial complexity using micro-geoarchaeological methods, including FTIR spectroscopy, sediment micromorphology, and quantification of micr…