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Opioid prescription claims among women of reproductive age--United States, 2008-2012.

Prescription opioid use in the United States has become widespread, and studies of opioid exposure in pregnancy suggest increased risk for adverse pregnancy outcomes, including neonatal abstinence syndrome and birth defects (e.g., neural tube defects, gastroschisis, and congenital heart defects). The development of birth defects often results from exposures during the first few weeks of pregnancy, which is a critical period for organ formation. Given that many pregnancies are not recognized until well after the first few weeks and half of all U.S. pregnancies are unplanned, all women who might

Challenges in detection and treatment of multidrug resistant tuberculosis patients in Vietnam.

BACKGROUND: Vietnam is ranked 14(th) among 27 countries with high burden of multidrug-resistant tuberculosis (MDR-TB). In 2009, the Vietname … olicy changes were not always received, and training was inconsistent between training courses. The private sector did not adequately report MDR-TB cases to the NTP. CONCLUSIONS: The proportion of MDR-TB patients diagnosed and enrolled for second-line treatment is less than 20 % of the estimated total. The low enrollment is largely due to the fact that many pat …

From Epidemic Meningitis Vaccines for Africa to the Meningitis Vaccine Project.

BACKGROUND: Polysaccharide vaccines had been used to control African meningitis epidemics for >30 years but with little or modest success, largely because of logistical problems in the implementation of reactive vaccination campaigns that are begun after epidemics are under way. After the major group A meningococcal meningitis epidemics in 1996-1997 (250,000 cases and 25,000 deaths), African ministers of health declared the prevention of meningitis a high priority and asked the World Health Organization (WHO) for help in developing better immunization strategies to eliminate meningitis epidemi

Private demand for cholera vaccines in rural Matlab, Bangladesh.

OBJECTIVES: To estimate household willingness to pay (WTP) for cholera vaccines in a rural area of Bangladesh, which had participated in a 1985 oral cholera vaccine trial. METHODS: A contingent valuation study was undertaken in Matlab, Bangladesh in summer 2005. All respondents (N=591) received a description of a cholera vaccine that was 50% effective for 3 years and had negligible side effects. Respondents were asked how many vaccines they would purchase for their household at randomly pre-assigned prices. Negative binomial regression models were used to estimate the number of vaccines deman

The Increasing Community Access to Testing, Treatment, and Response Program - A Model for Future Public Health Emergency Response.

Rapid distribution of diagnostic testing and countermeasures in community settings is a persistent challenge during pandemics. During the coronavirus disease 2019 (Covid-19) public health emergency, the Increasing Community Access to Testing, Treatment, and Response program at the U.S. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention provided free Covid-19 testing through retail pharmacies. The program enabled timely diagnosis for uninsured individuals and maintained a robust pharmacy network with the capacity to serve the entire U.S. population. This public-private partnership model can be employed

[Excessive use of vitamin D testing in the private health system].

INTRODUCTION: Given the importance of reducing lowvalue care practices and acknowledging that vitamin D testing in the general population is rising despite the absence of evidence to support such conduct, we decided to investigate its overuse. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Design: cross-sectional study. DATA SOURCE: electronic medical records. POPULATION: patients aged between 18 and 64 on the Hospital Italiano de Buenos Aires Health Maintenance Organization membership list, to whom at least one test of vitamin D had been performed between July 1st and December 31st 2022. A sample of electronic me

"We sold the buffalo to pay for a brain scan" - a qualitative study of rural experiences with private mental healthcare providers in Uttar Pradesh, India.

The majority of persons with mental distress (PWMD) in India do not have access to care, and even those who seek care are pushed to attend private providers, given the weak and largely absent public mental health services framework. The aim of this study was to examine the experiences in help-seeking and with unethical health service provision among persons with mental distress in the Saharanpur and Bijnor districts of Uttar Pradesh. In-depth interviews were conducted with twenty persons with mental distress and their caregivers. Thematic analysis yielded four key findings about help-seeking:

Cooperative development of antimicrobials: looking back to look ahead.

As foundations and governments mobilize to tackle antimicrobial resistance (AMR), several experiments in academic-industrial collaboration have emerged. Here, I examine two historical precedents, the Penicillin Project and the Malaria Project of the Second World War, and two contemporary examples, the Tuberculosis Drug Accelerator programme and the Tres Cantos Open Lab. These and related experiments suggest that different strategies can be effective in managing academic-industrial collaborations, and that such joint projects can prosper in both multisite and single-site forms, depending on the

Treatment with cholinesterase inhibitors and memantine of patients in the Alzheimer's Disease Neuroimaging Initiative.

OBJECTIVES: To assess the clinical characteristics and course of patients with mild cognitive impairment (MCI) and mild Alzheimer disease (AD) treated with cholinesterase inhibitors (ChEIs) and memantine hydrochloride. DESIGN: Cohort study. SETTING: The 59 recruiting sites for the Alzheimer's Disease Neuroimaging Initiative (ADNI). PARTICIPANTS: Outpatients with MCI and AD in ADNI. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: The AD Assessment Scale-cognitive subscale (ADAS-cog), Mini-Mental State Examination (MMSE), Clinical Dementia Rating (CDR) scale, and Functional Activities Questionnaire (FAQ). RESULTS:

Health economic perspectives of pediatric malnutrition: determinants of innovative progress.

Despite some improvements in recent years, extreme poverty and malnutrition remain a critical concern for developing countries. Malnutrition, and more specifically pediatric malnutrition, is a reality affecting millions of children, particularly in South Asia and Africa. It causes increased mortality and morbidity, decreased physical and intellectual development, poor productivity and a number of negative economic outcomes. Health economics data clearly demonstrate that interventions are effective and efficient, but more data are needed to measure that efficiency. Initiatives to address microd

Controlling sleeping sickness - a review.

Following a period characterized by severe epidemics of sleeping sickness, restoration of effective control and surveillance systems has raised the question of eliminating the disease from sub-Saharan Africa. Given sufficient political and financial support, elimination is now considered a reasonable aim in countries reporting zero or less than 100 cases per year. This success may lead health authorities across the affected region to downgrade the disease from 'neglected' to simply being ignored. In view of the significant levels of under-reporting of sleeping sickness mortality in rural commu

An analysis of the costs and treatment success of collaborative arrangements among public and private providers for tuberculosis control in Indonesia.

OBJECTIVES: To identify the cost-effectiveness of collaborative arrangements among public and private providers to employ the Directly Observed Treatment short-course (DOTS) strategy for tuberculosis (TB) control in Indonesia. METHODS: Three strategies were assessed: hospital out-patient diagnosis with referral to public health centres (PHCs) for treatment, hospital out-patient diagnosis and treatment, and private practitioner referral of suspects to PHCs. The outcome was the number of sputum smear positive TB cases successfully treated. Costs include direct costs to providers and patients. U

Dracunculiasis eradication: the final inch.

This report summarizes the status of the Dracunculiasis Eradication Program as of early 2005. Nine of the 20 countries that were endemic for this disease when the program began have already interrupted transmission, Asia is free of Guinea worm, and five of the remaining disease-endemic countries reported less than 50 cases each in 2004. Ghana and Sudan each reported 45% of the 16,026 cases in 2004. Except for Sudan, whose reports are delayed, cases in the remaining disease-endemic countries were reduced by 61% during the first quarter of 2005 compared with the same period of 2004. With acceler

Survey on the use of the Internet as a source of oral health information among dental patients in Bangalore City, India.

PURPOSE: Widespread internet usage worldwide allows increased access to medical and dental information and can be used for patient self-educ … access at the work place and through cybercafés. A significantly higher number of patients from the private sector and with higher educational background used the internet. CONCLUSION: Low socioeconomic status and a low educational level act as barriers to using the internet, which may explain the results of this study. Creating awareness amongst people of diff …

Public and private providers' involvement in improving their patients' contraceptive use.

BACKGROUND: This study measured differences in the provision of care between public and private providers of contraceptive services, what problems using contraception these providers perceived their patients to have and providers' views on how to improve their patients' method use. STUDY DESIGN: A nationally representative mixed-mode survey (mail, Internet and fax) of private family practice and obstetrician/gynecologist physicians who provided contraceptive care in 2005 was conducted. A parallel survey was administered to public contraceptive care providers in community health centers, hospi

What if delivery riders quit? Challenges to last-mile logistics during the Covid-19 pandemic.

Notoriously precarious, hazardous, and stressful, delivery jobs became even more onerous and dangerous during the pandemic. In this study, set in Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam, we applied Structural Equation Modelling to a large sample of primary data to measure delivery riders' intention to quit their jobs at the height of the pandemic. We found that job burnout was the key trigger to the intention to quit whereas the risk of Covid-19 infection did not directly affect this behavioral intention. Female riders, migrants, persons living with chronic diseases, and those who had seen their income deci

Справочный документ по разработке политики использования биологии бешенства и вакцинации людей в Индии.

Национальная программа по борьбе с работорговлей, Индия, действует с 2012 - 2013 годов без каких-либо существенных последствий из-за недостаточного финансирования и отсутствия конкретной политики в области профилактики бешенства и борьбы с ним. Была предпринята попытка разработать проект политического документа, который может помочь правительству Индии в разработке национальной политики вакцинации от бешенства для людей и в достижении цели нулевой смертности от собачьего бешенства к 2030 году. В декабре 2017 года в Нью-Дели под председательством Генерального контролера по наркотикам Индии было

Совпадение в аннотации оригинала
National Rabies Control Programme, India, is in operation since 2012-2013 without much impact due to poor funding and no set policy for the … s of rabies biologicals in the public sector are low; and the export of rabies biologicals from the private sector needs to be critically evaluated in the context of frequent stock-outs in the domestic market and also the national vaccine security.

Elective repeat cesarean delivery in women eligible for trial of labor in Brazil.

OBJECTIVE: To assess the hospital, maternal, and obstetric characteristics associated with elective repeat cesarean delivery (ERCD) among wo … eligible for TOLAC, 1516 (66.1%) had an ERCD; the overall cesarean delivery rate was 79.4%. In the private sector, almost all deliveries (95.3%) were performed by ERCD. In the public sector, ERCD was associated with socioeconomic (more years of schooling), obstetric (women's preference, no previous vaginal delivery, macrosomia), and hospital (mixed hospital, lo …

The Mectizan Donation Program: 20 years of successful collaboration - a retrospective.

Merck is a global research-driven pharmaceutical company that, throughout its history, has devoted considerable effort to bringing its medic … rogress can be achieved. Twenty years ago, in October 1987, before collaboration between public and private sectors was common, Merck launched the Mectizan Donation Program (MDP) - a unique, multisectoral coalition involving Merck, the Mectizan Expert Committee (MEC), the Task Force for Child Survival and Development, the World Health Organization (WHO), the Wor …