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Marine-Derived Compounds: A New Horizon in Cancer, Renal, and Metabolic Disease Therapeutics.

Marine-derived compounds represent a rich source of structurally diverse molecules with therapeutic potential for cancer, renal disorders, metabolic-associated fatty liver disease (MAFLD), and atherosclerosis. This review systematically evaluates recent advances, highlighting compounds such as Microcolin H, Benzosceptrin C, S14, HN-001, Equisetin, glycosides (e.g., cucumarioside A2-2), ilimaquinone, and Aplidin (plitidepsin). Key mechanisms include autophagy modulation, immune checkpoint inhibition, anti-inflammatory effects, and mitochondrial homeostasis. Novel findings reveal glycosides' dua

Emergent Nanotechnological Strategies for Systemic Chemotherapy against Melanoma.

Melanoma is an aggressive form of skin cancer, being one of the deadliest cancers in the world. The current treatment options involve surgery, radiotherapy, targeted therapy, immunotherapy and the use of chemotherapeutic agents. Although the last approach is the most used, the high toxicity and the lack of efficacy in advanced stages of the disease have demanded the search for novel bioactive molecules and/or efficient drug delivery systems. The current review aims to discuss the most recent advances on the elucidation of potential targets for melanoma treatment, such as aquaporin-3 and tyrosi

HMMR in human cancers: regulatory mechanism and biological function.

Hyaluronan-mediated motility receptor (HMMR), also referred to as RHAMM or CD168, has gained recognition as a multifunctional protein that mediates the transmission of extracellular matrix-derived hyaluronan (HA) signals to intracellular pathways regulating tumor growth, migration, and mitosis. Overexpression of HMMR is observed in various cancers, including head and neck squamous cell carcinoma, breast cancer, lung cancer, and prostate cancer, as well as several hematologic malignancies. This elevated expression correlates with poor prognosis, rendering it a valuable marker for survival predi

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… This stabilization leads to β-catenin nuclear translocation, activating the Wnt/β-catenin signaling pathway and inducing the expression of downstream targets such as c-Myc and cyclin D, thereby promoting tumor cell proliferation [ 171 , 172 ]. …

Рекомендации Международной группы по работе с миеломой по диагностике и лечению изолированных плазмоклеточных опухолей.

Одиночные плазмоклеточные опухоли (СП) — редкие локализованные опухоли клоновых плазмоклеток, либо в костной ткани (одиночная костная плазмоклеточная опухоль), либо в мягких тканях/экстраоссозных (экстромедуллярные) с отсутствием или минимальным проникновением в костный мозг (КМ) (<10% клоновых плазмоклеток по иммуногистохимии) и отсутствием признаков системного вовлечения или событий, определяющих миелому. Приблизительно 50% СП прогрессируют в симптоматическую миелому в течение 5 лет после начальной определенной локальной радиотерапии. Увеличение доступности улучшенных диагностических и монит

Потенциальная роль TNFRSF12A в установлении связи между глиобластомой и болезнью Альцгеймера через общие пути подавления опухолей.

Гены, подавляющие опухоль, являются критическими регуляторами клеточного гомеостаза и широко изучаются в области онкологической биологии. Однако их роль в нейродегенеративных заболеваниях, особенно в болезни Альцгеймера, остается слабой. Недавние данные об обратной связи между раком и АД указывают на существование общих молекулярных механизмов. Мы провели комплексный анализ для выявления ТГС, которые могут участвовать как в AD, так и в глиобластоме (GBM), с использованием менделийской случайности, транскриптомного профилирования (булка и одноклеточная RNA-seq), вывода в отношении связи между к

Resveratrol and Its Role in the Management of B-Cell Malignancies-A Recent Update.

The growing incidence of B cell malignancies globally has prompted research on the pharmacological properties of phytoconstituents in cancer management. Resveratrol, a polyphenolic stilbenoid widely found in nature, has been explored for its anti-inflammatory and antioxidant properties, and promising results from different pre-clinical studies have indicated its potential for management of B cell malignancies. However, these claims must be substantiated by a greater number of clinical trials in diverse populations, in order to establish its safety and efficacy profile. In addition to this, the

Revolutionizing cancer care strategies: immunotherapy, gene therapy, and molecular targeted therapy.

Despite the availability of technological advances in traditional anti-cancer therapies, there is a need for more precise and targeted cancer treatment strategies. The wide-ranging shortfalls of conventional anticancer therapies such as systematic toxicity, compromised life quality, and limited to severe side effects are major areas of concern of conventional cancer treatment approaches. Owing to the expansion of knowledge and technological advancements in the field of cancer biology, more innovative and safe anti-cancerous approaches such as immune therapy, gene therapy and targeted therapy a

Phytochemical-Based Nanomedicine for Advanced Cancer Theranostics: Perspectives on Clinical Trials to Clinical Use.

In the current chapter, a new strategic compilation of phytochemicals with potent antitumor properties has been addressed, most importantly focusing on cell cycle arrest and apoptotic signaling mechanism. A promising approach in tumor prevention is to eliminate cancer cells preferably via cell cycle arrest and programmed cell death with lesser harm to neighboring normal cells. Cancer cells have a survival advantage to escape apoptosis and relentlessly divide to proliferate, gearing up the cell cycle process. Recently, the use of phytochemical-derived conjugated chemotherapeutic agents has incr

Computational study of SENP1 in cancer by novel natural compounds and ZINC database screening.

Introduction: Sentrin-specific protease 1 (SENP1) is a protein whose main function is deSUMOylation. SENP1 inhibits apoptosis, and increases angiogenesis, estrogen and androgen receptor transcription and c-Jun transcription factor, proliferation, growth, cell migration, and invasion of cancer. The in vivo and in vitro studies also demonstrated which natural compounds, especially phytochemicals, minerals, and vitamins, prevent cancer. More than 3,000 plant species have been reported in modern medicine. Natural compounds have many anti-cancerous andanti-turmeric properties such as antioxidative,

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… The deSUMOylation of P300 induces c-Jun activity and increases cyclin D expression. SENP1 might be utilized as a molecular target for the discovery of antitumor drugs vs. human hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) metastasis. …

Ubiquitylomics: An Emerging Approach for Profiling Protein Ubiquitylation in Skeletal Muscle.

Skeletal muscle is a highly adaptable tissue, finely tuned by various physiological and pathological factors. Whilst the pivotal role of skeletal muscle in overall health is widely acknowledged, unravelling the underlying molecular mechanisms poses ongoing challenges. Protein ubiquitylation, a crucial post-translational modification, is involved in regulating most biological processes. This widespread impact is achieved through a diverse set of enzymes capable of generating structurally and functionally distinct ubiquitin modifications on proteins. The complexity of protein ubiquitylation has

An Insight into Anticancer Effect of Propolis and Its Constituents: A Review of Molecular Mechanisms.

Propolis is a natural compound collected by honeybees from different parts of plants. Honeybees produce a sticky component besides honey by mixing the tree resin and other botanical sources with saliva called propolis or bee glue. Propolis was traditionally used as a wound healing substance, cosmetic, medicine, and many other conditions. Till now, there is no definite curable treatment for most cancers and chemotherapeutic drugs and drugs used for targeted therapies have serious side effects. According to a recent research, natural products are becoming increasingly essential in cancer prevent

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… The CAPE treatment showed the suppressed extracellular signal-regulated kinase (ERK) and Akt phosphorylation and decreased cyclin D expression in 3T3-L1 fibroblast cells [ 12 ]. …

Leptin, Adiponectin, and Sam68 in Bone Metastasis from Breast Cancer.

The most serious aspect of neoplastic disease is the spread of cancer cells to secondary sites. Skeletal metastases can escape detection long after treatment of the primary tumour and follow-up. Bone tissue is a breeding ground for many types of cancer cells, especially those derived from the breast, prostate, and lung. Despite advances in diagnosis and therapeutic strategies, bone metastases still have a profound impact on quality of life and survival and are often responsible for the fatal outcome of the disease. Bone and the bone marrow environment contain a wide variety of cells. No longer

Update on treatment of follicular non-Hodgkin's lymphoma: focus on potential of bortezomib.

Follicular lymphoma is predominantly managed as a chronic disease, with intermittent chemo/immunotherapy reserved for symptomatic progression. It is considered incurable with conventional treatments, and current therapeutic options are associated with significant toxicities that are especially limiting in older patients. Bortezomib (PS-341; Velcade(®)), a first-in-class drug targeting the proteolytic core subunit of the 26S proteasome, has emerged as a therapeutic alternative in follicular lymphoma, with promising preclinical data and efficacy in patients with other hematological malignancies.

Phase II trial to investigate the safety and efficacy of orally applied niclosamide in patients with metachronous or sychronous metastases of a colorectal cancer progressing after therapy: the NIKOLO trial.

BackgroundColorectal cancer (CRC) is the second most common cause of all cancer deaths in Europe and the Western world with a lifetime risk of approximately 5%. Despite several improvements in the treatment of patients with unresectable CRC prognosis is poor and there is the need of developing new treatment strategies for patients with metastatic chemorefractory disease. The S100 calcium binding protein A4 (S100A4) predicts metastasis formation and reduced CRC patient survival. S100A4 was previously identified as transcriptional target of the Wnt/β-catenin signaling pathway. The Food and Drug

Drugs and Epigenetic Molecular Functions. A Pharmacological Data Scientometric Analysis.

Interactions of drugs with the classical epigenetic mechanism of DNA methylation or histone modification are increasingly being elucidated mechanistically and used to develop novel classes of epigenetic therapeutics. A data science approach is used to synthesize current knowledge on the pharmacological implications of epigenetic regulation of gene expression. Computer-aided knowledge discovery for epigenetic implications of current approved or investigational drugs was performed by querying information from multiple publicly available gold-standard sources to (i) identify enzymes involved in c

Cancer treatment-induced bone loss.

Cancer treatment-induced bone loss (CTBL) is associated with anti-tumor treatments, including endocrine therapies, chemotherapeutic treatments, radiotherapy, glucocorticoids, and tyrosine kinase inhibitors. Osteoporosis, characterized by the loss of bone mass, can increase the risk of fractures, leading to mortality and long-term disability, even after cancer remission. Cancer and osteoporosis have marked clinical and pathogenetic similarities. Both have a multifactorial etiology, affect the geriatric population, and markedly influence quality of life. Lifestyle management, including calcium a

A Route for Investigating Psoriasis: From the Perspective of the Pathological Mechanisms and Therapeutic Strategies of Cancer.

Psoriasis is an incurable skin disease that develops in about two-thirds of patients before the age of 40 and requires lifelong treatment; its pathological mechanisms have not been fully elucidated. The core pathological process of psoriasis is epidermal thickening caused by the excessive proliferation of epidermal keratinocytes, which is similar to the key feature of cancer; the malignant proliferation of cancer cells causes tumor enlargement, suggesting that there is a certain degree of commonality between psoriasis and cancer. This article reviews the pathological mechanisms that are common

Effects and mechanisms of Eps8 on the biological behaviour of malignant tumours (Review).

Epidermal growth factor receptor pathway substrate 8 (Eps8) was initially identified as the substrate for the kinase activity of EGFR, improving the responsiveness of EGF, which is involved in cell mitosis, differentiation and other physiological functions. Numerous studies over the last decade have demonstrated that Eps8 is overexpressed in most ubiquitous malignant tumours and subsequently binds with its receptor to activate multiple signalling pathways. Eps8 not only participates in the regulation of malignant phenotypes, such as tumour proliferation, invasion, metastasis and drug resistanc

Cancer Chemoprevention: A Strategic Approach Using Phytochemicals.

Cancer chemoprevention approaches are aimed at preventing, delaying, or suppressing tumor incidence using synthetic or natural bioactive agents. Mechanistically, chemopreventive agents also aid in mitigating cancer development, either by impeding DNA damage or by blocking the division of premalignant cells with DNA damage. Several pre-clinical studies have substantiated the benefits of using various dietary components as chemopreventives in cancer therapy. The incessant rise in the number of cancer cases globally is an issue of major concern. The excessive toxicity and chemoresistance associat

Androgen Receptor-CaMKK2 Axis in Prostate Cancer and Bone Microenvironment.

The skeletal system is of paramount importance in advanced stage prostate cancer (PCa) as it is the preferred site of metastasis. Complex mechanisms are employed sequentially by PCa cells to home to and colonize the bone. Bone-resident PCa cells then recruit osteoblasts (OBs), osteoclasts (OCs), and macrophages within the niche into entities that promote cancer cell growth and survival. Since PCa is heavily reliant on androgens for growth and survival, androgen-deprivation therapy (ADT) is the standard of care for advanced disease. Although it significantly improves survival rates, ADT detrime

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… Once transcribed and translated, CaMKK2 binds to AR initiating a positive feedback loop to stimulate AR transcriptional activity in the activation of AR-dependent genes that regulate cell cycle progression such as cyclin D. …