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Isolation and basic properties of temperature--sensitive mutants of Venezuelan equine encephalomyelitis virus.

Fifteen temperature-sensitive (ts) mutants were isolated from 4 Venezuelan equine encephalomyelitis virus clones by nitrous acid treatment or by growing the virus in the presence of 5-fluoruracil. Three of them were classified as RNA- mutants by their inability to synthesize RNA at nonpermissive temperature (1.5-3.3% in respect to the wild type). The remaining 11 mutants showed a slight decrease of RNA synthesis at the nonpermissive temperature (32-73+) and were referred to the RNA+ phenotype. One mutant possessed RNA +/- phenotype (18%). Five complementation groups were determined by compleme…

Improved method for production of attenuated Venezuelan equine encephalomyelitis (TC-83 strain) vaccine.

Primary chicken embryo cell cultures were evaluated a s an alternate cell system for the production of attenuated Venezuelan equine encephalomyelitis (TC-83 strain) vaccine. The TC-83 strain virus was shown to remain stable during 10 serial passages in chicken embryo cell culture with regard to plaque size and morphology, virus yield, potency, and virulence for mice and hamsters.

Growth of Venezuelan equine encephalomyelitis virus in human diploid cell strain WI-38.

We demonstrated that Venezuelan equine encephalomyelitis (VEE) virus replicated in and adapted rapidly to human diploid cell strain WI-38. Peak titers of approximately 10(9.8) mouse intracerebral 50% lethal doses were obtained at low passage levels in Eagles basal medium supplemented with calf serum. VEE virus replicated poorly in serum-free medium. Propagation of VEE virus was accompanied by the production of hemagglutinin and cytopathogenic effects.

Reply to Kim et al. Acute Hemorrhagic Encephalomyelitis in the Context of MOG Antibody-Associated Disease. Comment on "Chen et al. Rapid Progressive Fatal Acute Hemorrhagic Encephalomyelitis. Diagnostics 2023, 13, 2481".

We want to express our appreciation for the insightful comments [...].

Morroniside maintains mitochondrial homeostasis in microglia and mitigates neuroinflammation in experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis.

Microglia-mediated neuroinflammation in the central nervous system is a hallmark of both multiple sclerosis (MS) and the animal model experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis (EAE). Current immunosuppressive therapies for MS have limited efficacy and notable side effects. This study aimed to investigate mechanisms underlying anti-neuroinflammatory effects of morroniside, an iridoid glycoside derived from Cornus officinalis, which is used in Chinese herbal medicine. Morroniside treatment significantly attenuated lipopolysaccharide-induced alterations and mitochondrial dysfunction in BV2 microg…

A tolerogenic mRNA-LNP vaccine alleviates neuroinflammation and demyelination in experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis.

Multiple sclerosis (MS) is an autoimmune demyelinating disease of the central nervous system (CNS). Current non-specific immunosuppressive therapies carry risks of infection and malignancy. Antigen-specific tolerance induction presents a promising alternative. Here, we developed a messenger RNA-lipid nanoparticle (mRNA-LNP) vaccine (LiH-LNPs) encoding a tandem fusion of epitopes from three MS-associated myelin antigens. LiH-LNPs alleviated inflammatory infiltration and demyelination in experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis (EAE). Single-cell RNA sequencing revealed that LiH-LNPs reshaped t…

Glymphatic System Dysregulation as a Key Contributor to Myalgic Encephalomyelitis/Chronic Fatigue Syndrome.

Defined by the World Health Organization as a neurological disorder, Myalgic Encephalomyelitis/Chronic Fatigue Syndrome (ME/CFS) is a disabling illness, affecting millions of people worldwide. First reported in the early nineteenth century, ME/CFS is uniquely characterized by a wide array of symptoms, including fatigue, brain fog, post-exertional malaise (PEM), sleep dysfunction, and orthostatic intolerance (OI). Despite decades of extensive research, there are no effective medical treatments or simple diagnostics for ME/CFS, with an estimated 90% of patients remaining undiagnosed. The recentl…

Sustained illness burden over time among Australians with myalgic encephalomyelitis/chronic fatigue syndrome.

BACKGROUND: Myalgic Encephalomyelitis/Chronic Fatigue Syndrome (ME/CFS) is a disabling chronic illness. Many people with ME/CFS (pwME/CFS) are unable to continue employment and require support to complete activities of daily living. Despite this, ME/CFS remains unrecognised as a disability in Australia. The present study aimed to highlight the profound burdens experienced by pwME/CFS over time to provide evidence of permanency and necessitate reforms to Australian healthcare policies. METHODS: Data were collected for this longitudinal investigation between 1st October 2021 and 3rd October 202…

Pyridostigmine improves hand grip strength in patients with myalgic encephalomyelitis/chronic fatigue syndrome.

BACKGROUND: Myalgic encephalomyelitis/chronic fatigue syndrome (ME/CFS) is a multisystemic disease characterized by exertional intolerance and fatigue which is often accompanied by muscle weakness and fatiguability. A study showed efficacy of the acetylcholinesterase inhibitor pyridostigmine on cardiac output in ME/CFS patients. Pyridostigmine is currently used off-label in ME/CFS and postural orthostatic tachycardia syndrome. METHODS: We evaluated the effect of pyridostigmine on hand grip strength in 20 patients with post-infectious ME/CFS. Hand grip strength testing was performed ten times …

The Clinical Relevance of Mast Cell Activation in Myalgic Encephalomyelitis/Chronic Fatigue Syndrome.

Background/Objectives: Growing evidence suggests that mast cell activation (MCA) may contribute to Myalgic Encephalomyelitis/Chronic Fatigue Syndrome (ME/CFS), a debilitating disorder characterized by persistent fatigue and post-exertional malaise (PEM). Particularly in relation to orthostatic intolerance (OI), including postural orthostatic tachycardia syndrome (POTS), this study aimed to investigate the prevalence and clinical relevance of MCA in an Austrian ME/CFS patient cohort. Methods: Two data sets were analyzed. The CCCFS data set, a comprehensive, patient-centered online questionnaire…

Herpes simplex virus type 2 implicated in a case of acute disseminated encephalomyelitis.

Introduction. Acute disseminated encephalomyelitis (ADEM) is a well-described neurological disorder that follows acute infection, vaccination and organ transplantation. It is characterized by sudden and widespread areas of inflammation in the central nervous system. Previous case reports have described ADEM with evidence of either recent or current herpes simplex virus type 1 infection. However, here, we report a rare, to our knowledge never before documented, case of ADEM associated with herpes simplex virus type 2 (HSV-2). Case report. A 20-year-old man presented with weakness and sensory di…

Defining a High-Quality Myalgic Encephalomyelitis/Chronic Fatigue Syndrome cohort in UK Biobank.

BACKGROUND: Progress in Myalgic Encephalomyelitis/Chronic Fatigue Syndrome (ME/CFS) research is being slowed by the relatively small-scale studies being performed whose results are often not replicated. Progress could be accelerated by analyses of large population-scale projects, such as UK Biobank (UKB), which provide extensive phenotype and genotype data linked to both ME/CFS cases and controls. METHODS: Here, we analysed the overlap and discordance among four UKB-defined ME/CFS cohorts, and additional questionnaire data when available. RESULTS: A total of 5,354 UKB individuals were linked…

Глубокий секвенирование тяжелых цепных репертуаров в миальгическом энцефаломиелите/хроническом синдроме усталости.

Myalgic ensphalomyelit/хронический синдром усталости (ME/CFS) является распространенным и изнурительным хроническим заболеванием неизвестной аэтологии. Реагирование на хроническую инфекцию и аутоиммунную реакцию было предложено в качестве двух механизмов, которые потенциально лежат в основе патогенеза МЕ/КФС. Чтобы изучить эти гипотезы болезни, мы описали антигенные рецепторы клеток В с помощью адаптивной последовательности репертуарных репертуаров иммунного рецептора. Мы сравнили репертуары B-клектора (BCR) 25 пациентов с мягким/умеренным ME/CFS, 36 пациентов с тяжелым ME/CFS, 21 здоровый кон

Совпадение в аннотации оригинала
Myalgic encephalomyelitis/chronic fatigue syndrome (ME/CFS) is a common and debilitating chronic illness of unknown aetiology. Chronic infection and autoimmune responses have been proposed as two mechanisms that potentially underlie the pathogenesis of ME/CFS. To explore these disease hypotheses, we characterised the antigen-specific receptors of B cells usi…