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MicroRNAs and Chinese Medicinal Herbs: New Possibilities in Cancer Therapy.

In recent decades Chinese medicine has been used worldwide as a complementary and alternative medicine to treat cancer. Plenty of studies have shown that microRNAs (miRNAs) play fundamental roles in many pathological processes, including cancer, while the anti-cancer mechanisms of Chinese medicinal herbs targeting miRNAs also have been extensively explored. Our previous studies and those of others on Chinese medicinal herbs and miRNAs in various cancer models have provided a possibility of new cancer therapies, for example, up-regulating the expression of miR-23a may activate the positive regu

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… Besides the conventional EGFR inhibitors erlotinib and gefitinib, the herbal flavonoid luteolin showed effect in suppressing EGFR by down-regulating the Ser/Thr kinase activity of cyclin G-associated kinase (GAK) in prostate cancer cells. … Gefitinib and luteolin cause growth arrest of human prostate cancer PC-3 cells via inhibition of cyclin G-associated kinase and induction of miR-630. PLoS ONE. 2014;9:e100124. doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0100124. 55. Zhao G., Guo W., Zhao X., Wang Y., Hou Y. …

Arachidonic acid suppresses lung cancer cell growth and modulates lipid metabolism and the ERK/PPARγ signaling pathway.

Lung cancer remains the leading cause of cancer-related mortality worldwide, necessitating the development of new treatment strategies. Arachidonic acid (ARA), a polyunsaturated fatty acid, shows promise in cancer therapy due to its potential anti-tumor effects, although its role in lung cancer remains unclear. This study investigated the effects and underlying mechanism of ARA on A549 and NCI-H1299 lung cancer cells. In vitro assays were used to assess cell viability, apoptosis, colony formation, lipid droplet formation, and changes in cellular lipid content. ARA dose-dependently suppressed c

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… Additionally, individuals with particular genetic alterations, like epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) or anaplastic lymphoma kinase (ALK) mutations, now require targeted therapy, such as tyrosine kinase inhibitors (TKIs) like gefitinib, erlotinib, and osimertinib [ 6 , 7 ]. … In non-small cell lung cancer cells resistant to TKIs, combining g-PPT with gefitinib successfully overcame drug resistance, inducing apoptosis and improving the therapeutic response [ 37 ]. …

Acute Kidney Injury Associated with Anticancer Therapies: Small Molecules and Targeted Therapies.

Molecular targeted therapy has revolutionized cancer treatment by significantly improving patient survival compared with standard conventional chemotherapies. The use of these drugs targets specific molecules or targets, which block growth and spread of cancer cells. Many of these therapies have been approved for use with remarkable success in breast, blood, colorectal, lung, and ovarian cancers. The advantage over conventional chemotherapy is its ability to deliver drugs effectively with high specificity while being less toxic. Although known as "targeted," many of these agents lack specifici

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… Small molecule TKIs, such as erlotinib, gefitinib, brigatinib, icotinib, and afatinib, are known to cause a wide range of nephrotoxicity from IgA nephropathy to tumor lysis syndrome (TLS) (Table 2 ). … kidney cysts Drainage of cysts when required Check cystatin-C to confirm pseudo-AKI 29 | Discontinuation of treatment If CrCl <30, reduce dose of crizotinib to 250 daily from BID Electrolyte repletion Regular imaging of kidney cysts Drainage of cysts when required | 30 – 36 EGFR | Afatinib Erlotinib Gefitinib …

Targeting cytokine and chemokine signaling pathways for cancer therapy.

Cytokines are critical in regulating immune responses and cellular behavior, playing dual roles in both normal physiology and the pathology of diseases such as cancer. These molecules, including interleukins, interferons, tumor necrosis factors, chemokines, and growth factors like TGF-β, VEGF, and EGF, can promote or inhibit tumor growth, influence the tumor microenvironment, and impact the efficacy of cancer treatments. Recent advances in targeting these pathways have shown promising therapeutic potential, offering new strategies to modulate the immune system, inhibit tumor progression, and o

Prevalence of symptomatic toxicities for novel therapies in adult oncology trials: a scoping review.

BackgroundPatients' self-report of their symptoms can provide important data for the evaluation of treatment benefit and tolerability of oncology drugs. Contemporary treatment approaches, including immunotherapy and molecular targeted therapies, have unique toxicities based on their novel mechanisms of action. This scoping review aimed to summarize evidence from existing reviews and clinical practice guidelines to examine the type and prevalence of toxicities including symptomatic adverse events (sympAEs) for adult cancer patients to inform clinical care and therapeutic trials.MethodsA systema

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… Sleep/Wake: fatigue Misc: fever | GI: colitis, transaminitis, colitis (14%) Immune: infections Heme: bleeding events Belgioia (2019) | Review of trials data 13 phase 2 trials 1 phase 3 randomized trial | Solid tumor (NSCLC, esophageal SCC, SCCHN, LA-HNSCC, brain metastases, renal, HCC | TK inhibitors (gefitinib … , erlotinib) Combination therapy (gefitinib + RT, erlotinib + RT, erlotinib + cisplatin + RT, erlotinib + docetaxel + RT, whole-brain RT + erlotinib/gefitinib, sunitinib + RT, sorafenib + RT) | Oral: dysphagia, mucositis GI: diarrhea (8%-9%) Skin: rash (4%-68%) Sleep/Wake: fatigue Pain: pain exacerbation …

Synergistic immunotherapy targeting cancer-associated anemia: prospects of a combination strategy.

Cancer-associated anemia promotes tumor progression, leads to poor quality of life in patients with cancer, and even obstructs the efficacy of immune checkpoint inhibitors therapy. However, the precise mechanism for cancer-associated anemia remains unknown and the feasible strategy to target cancer-associated anemia synergizing immunotherapy needs to be clarified. Here, we review the possible mechanisms of cancer-induced anemia regarding decreased erythropoiesis and increased erythrocyte destruction, and cancer treatment-induced anemia. Moreover, we summarize the current paradigm for cancer-as

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… Triggering of suicidal erythrocyte death by Gefitinib. Cell Physiol Biochem. 2017;41:1697–1708. doi: 10.1159/000471823. 90. Wu Q, Luo W, Li W, Wang T, Huang L, Xu F. … Randomized phase II trial of Gefitinib with and without pemetrexed as first-line therapy in patients with advanced nonsquamous non-small-cell lung cancer with activating epidermal growth factor receptor mutations. J Clin Oncol. 2016;34:3258–3266. doi: 10.1200/JCO.2016.66.9218. 92. …

Histone Deacetylase Inhibitors in Pediatric Brain Cancers: Biological Activities and Therapeutic Potential.

Brain cancers are the leading cause of cancer-related deaths in children. Biological changes in these tumors likely include epigenetic deregulation during embryonal development of the nervous system. Histone acetylation is one of the most widely investigated epigenetic processes, and histone deacetylase inhibitors (HDACis) are increasingly important candidate treatments in many cancer types. Here, we review advances in our understanding of how HDACis display antitumor effects in experimental models of specific pediatric brain tumor types, i.e., medulloblastoma (MB), ependymoma (EPN), pediatric

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… Combining HDACis with growth factor receptor ligands such as receptor tyrosine kinase (RTK) inhibitors (gefitinib or vandetanib) or brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) is also more effective than each agent given alone in impairing MB cell viability ( Marino et al., 2011 ; Nör et al., 2011 ). … Increased cytotoxic and proapoptotic effects when combined with the DNMT inhibitor 5-aza-dC | Yuan et al., 2017 MB | Daoy, in vitro | 4-Phenylbutyrate | Reduced cell viability only when combined with gefitinib; potentiation of effects of gefitinib and vandetanib on cell survival | Marino et al., 2011 …

High-dose intravenous vitamin C, a promising multi-targeting agent in the treatment of cancer.

Mounting evidence indicates that vitamin C has the potential to be a potent anti-cancer agent when administered intravenously and in high doses (high-dose IVC). Early phase clinical trials have confirmed safety and indicated efficacy of IVC in eradicating tumour cells of various cancer types. In recent years, the multi-targeting effects of vitamin C were unravelled, demonstrating a role as cancer-specific, pro-oxidative cytotoxic agent, anti-cancer epigenetic regulator and immune modulator, reversing epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition, inhibiting hypoxia and oncogenic kinase signalling and b

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… Pre-clinical studies using VitC in combination with targeted therapy A great number of pre-clinical studies have examined the use of high-dose VitC combined with targeted therapies such as kinase inhibitors (i.e. sorafenib, gefitinib, vemurafenib) [ 109 , 116 , 123 ], mitochondrial inhibitors (i.e. … Other studies have reported similar synergistic effects for high-dose VitC combined with EGFR inhibitors cetuximab and gefitinib in KRAS mutated colon cancer and NSCLC cells respectively [ 99 , 109 ]. …

Wisely frugal: ensuring sustainable funding for novel cancer therapeutics through a budget impact analysis in resource-limited settings.

IntroductionCancer care in Sri Lanka is predominantly provided through its state health system which is free at the point of delivery. We performed a budget impact analysis of novel cancer drugs with a view to enabling better prioritising of their procurement.MethodsMedian survival gain was obtained for each indication of a novel cancer drug by a review of the literature. The direct cost of drug procurement was obtained from the Ministry of Health of Sri Lanka and the cost per life year gained was computed for each indication. Two thresholds - per capita gross domestic product (GDP) per life y

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… 675 | 0.18 | 500 | 472,447 Abiraterone 250 mg | Metastatic castration resistant prostate cancer (Post-docetaxel) | 20% | 4 | 3.9 months | 289 | 1,198 | 0.23 | 100 | 28,943 Rituximab (with chemotherapy) | Non-Hodgkin’s Lymphoma *** | 10% | Not scored | 13 months | 1,034 | 530 | 0.14 | 750 | 775,235 Gefitinib … Similarly, gefitinib and erlotinib were superior to osimertinib in the first-line treatment of metastatic adenocarcinoma of the lung, while pembrolizumab was more cost-effective than nivolumab in metastatic melanoma. …

Clinical Application of Chinese Herbal Injection for Cancer Care: Evidence-Mapping of the Systematic Reviews, Meta-analyses, and Randomized Controlled Trials.

Background and objective: Cancer is a life-threatening disease worldwide and current standard therapy cannot fulfill all clinical needs. Chinese herbal injections have been widely used for cancer in Chinese and Western hospitals in China. This study aimed to apply evidence mapping in order to provide an overview of the clinical application of Chinese herbal injections in cancer care based on randomized controlled trials, systematic reviews, and meta-analyses. Methods and results: Seven databases were systematically searched for eligible randomized controlled trials, systematic reviews, and met

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… Compared with gefitinib alone, the add-on with Kanglaite improved KPS scores in lung cancer patients (2 SRs) ( Supplementary Table S2 ). … Compared with palliative platinum-based chemotherapy or gefitinib alone, add-on with Brucea javanica oil emulsion showed beneficial effects on KPS score and immune function including CD3, CD4, and CD4/CD8 level in lung cancer patients (3 RCTs). …

Alteration of SHP-1/p-STAT3 Signaling: A Potential Target for Anticancer Therapy.

The Src homology 2 (SH2) domain-containing protein tyrosine phosphatase 1 (SHP-1), a non-receptor protein tyrosine phosphatase, has been reported as a negative regulator of phosphorylated signal transducer and activator of transcription 3 (STAT3) and linked to tumor development. In this present review, we will discuss the importance and function of SHP-1/p-STAT3 signaling in nonmalignant conditions as well as malignancies, its cross-talk with other pathways, the current clinical development and the potential role of inhibitors of this pathway in anticancer therapy and clinical relevance of SHP

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… Recently, potent SHP-1 agonists such as emodin [ 86 ], honokiol [ 88 ] and g-tocotrienol [ 87 ] effectively enhanced the apoptotic effect of doxorubicin and paclitaxel in HCC cells. γ-tocotrienol in combination with EGFR inhibitors (erlotinib or gefitinib) suppressed STAT3 and Akt signaling in murine … Combined gamma-tocotrienol and erlotinib/gefitinib treatment suppresses Stat and Akt signaling in murine mammary tumor cells. Anticancer Res. 2010;30:429–437. 103. Huang C.Y., Tai W.T., Wu S.Y., Shih C.T., Chen M.H., Tsai M.H., Kuo C.W., Shiau C.W., Hung M.H., Chen K.F. …

Tablet Acceptability in Older Outpatients Undergoing Cancer Chemotherapy.

Background/Objectives: Patient acceptability of oral anticancer drugs is a critical factor that influences treatment in older outpatients receiving cancer chemotherapy and plays a central role in enhancing adherence and treatment effectiveness. Identifying older outpatients receiving cancer chemotherapy who exhibit poor tablet acceptability before initiating oral anticancer therapy and offering alternative treatment options are beneficial. Therefore, we investigated the characteristics of patients with poor tablet acceptability by focusing on the tablet size, geriatric assessment, and polyphar

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… Gefitinib and erlotinib are alternative options for advanced cancers; however, the combined length, width, and thickness of gefitinib and erlotinib tablets are 27.4 mm and 26.4 mm, respectively. …

Cancer-Related Alopecia Risk and Treatment.

Opinion statementCancer-related alopecia (CRA) presents a significant challenge for many patients undergoing cancer treatment, often affecting their psychological well-being and sense of identity. In my opinion, the optimal management of CRA requires a proactive, personalized approach that prioritizes both prevention and regrowth, while taking into account the type of cancer therapy, patient goals, and overall clinical context. For patients receiving chemotherapy, especially taxane- or anthracycline-based regimens, scalp cooling should be offered as a first-line preventative option whenever fe

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… lung, head, neck, cervical, prostate, neuroblastoma [ 20 ] | 15–30% [ 18 , 19 ] | Androgenetic pattern [ 15 , 18 , 23 ] More severe vertex involvement in combination with endocrine therapy [ 24 ] Targeted Therapies and Antibody–Drug Conjugates EGFR inhibitors (small-molecule inhibitors erlotinib and gefitinib … One major class of targeted therapy is epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) inhibitors, which include both small-molecule inhibitors (erlotinib, gefitinib) and mAbs (cetuximab, panitumumab) [ 27 ]. …

Emerging trends in the coexistence of primary lung Cancer and hematologic malignancy: a comprehensive analysis of clinicopathological features and genetic abnormalities.

BackgroundThe incidence of multiple primary cancers (MPC), especially involving primary lung cancer (PLC) and primary hematologic malignancies (PHM), is rising. This study aims to analyze clinicopathological features, gene abnormalities, and prognostic outcomes in individuals diagnosed with PLC-PHM MPC.MethodsA retrospective analysis included 89 patients diagnosed with PLC-PHM MPC at the Respiratory or Hematology Departments of Ruijin Hospital from 2003 to 2022 (a total of 842,047 people). Next-generation sequencing (NGS) assessed lung cancer specimens, while Polymerase Chain Reaction (PCR) an

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… Shi Y Chen G Wang X Central nervous system efficacy of furmonertinib (AST2818) versus gefitinib as first-line treatment for EGFR-mutated NSCLC: results from the FURLONG study J Thorac Oncol 2022 17 11 1297 305 35932953 10.1016/j.jtho.2022.07.1143 46. … Lu S Dong X Jian H AENEAS: a randomized phase III trial of aumolertinib versus gefitinib as first-line therapy for locally advanced or metastaticnon-small-cell lung cancer with EGFR exon 19 deletion or L858R mutations J Clin Oncol 2022 40 27 3162 71 35580297 10.1200/JCO.21.02641 PMC9509093 47. …

The PI3K inhibitor buparlisib suppresses osteoclast formation and tumour cell growth in bone metastasis of lung cancer, as evidenced by multimodality molecular imaging.

Non‑small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) metastasis commonly occurs in bone, which often results in pathological fractures. Sustained phosphoinositide‑3‑kinase (PI3K) signalling promotes the growth of PI3K‑dependent NSCLC and elevates osteoclastogenic potential. The present study investigated the effects of a PI3K inhibitor on NSCLC growth in bone and osteoclast formation, and aimed to determine whether it could control symptoms associated with bone metastasis. A bone metastasis xenograft model was established by implanting NCI‑H460‑luc2 lung cancer cells, which contain a phosphatidylinositol‑​4,5‑b

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… journal.pone.0058361 23516466 PMC3596380 14 Mundy GR Metastasis to bone: Causes, consequences and therapeutic opportunities Nat Rev Cancer 2 584 593 2002 10.1038/nrc867 12154351 15 Cappuzzo F Ligorio C Jänne PA Toschi L Rossi E Trisolini R Paioli D Holmes AJ Magrini E Finocchiaro G Prospective study of gefitinib … non-small cell lung cancer: Current standards and the promise of the future Transl Lung Cancer Res 4 36 54 2015 25806345 10.3978/j.issn.2218-6751.2014.05.01 PMC4367711 18 La Monica S Galetti M Alfieri RR Cavazzoni A Ardizzoni A Tiseo M Capelletti M Goldoni M Tagliaferri S Mutti A Everolimus restores gefitinib …

Non-coding RNA in cancer drug resistance: Underlying mechanisms and clinical applications.

Cancer is one of the most frequently diagnosed malignant diseases worldwide, posing a serious, long-term threat to patients' health and life. Systemic chemotherapy remains the first-line therapeutic approach for recurrent or metastatic cancer patients after surgery, with the potential to effectively extend patient survival. However, the development of drug resistance seriously limits the clinical efficiency of chemotherapy and ultimately results in treatment failure and patient death. A large number of studies have shown that non-coding RNAs (ncRNAs), particularly microRNAs, long non-coding RN

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… . | ( 257 , 259 , 260 ) NSCLC | Diagnosis | miR-519d-3p | Low expression level of miR-519d-3p correlates with a decreased responsiveness to gefitinib. | ( 261 ) | | exosomal miR-136-5p lncRNA HOST2 | High level of exosomal miR-136-5p and lncRNA HOST2 predict poor response to chemotherapy. | ( 262 , …

Molecular classification of gastric cancer: Towards a pathway-driven targeted therapy.

Gastric cancer (GC) is the third leading cause of cancer mortality worldwide. Although surgical resection is a potentially curative approach for localized cases of GC, most cases of GC are diagnosed in an advanced, non-curable stage and the response to traditional chemotherapy is limited. Fortunately, recent advances in our understanding of the molecular mechanisms that mediate GC hold great promise for the development of more effective treatment strategies. In this review, an overview of the morphological classification, current treatment approaches, and molecular alterations that have been c

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… In other studies, treatment with gefitinib demonstrated biologic activity against EGFR, yet a comparable response and OS rate was observed for the treatment with gefitinib or erlotinib [ 72 , 73 ]. … When golvatinib in combination with gefitinib was used to treat EGFR-mutated lung cancer cell lines, the MET/Gab1/PI3K/AKT pathway was blocked [ 169 ]. Golvatinib was subsequently evaluated in a phase I study in patients with advanced stage solid tumors [ 170 ]. …

Development of fever following first administration of zoledronate as a prognostic factor in advanced non-small cell lung cancer patients with bone metastases.

Nitrogen-containing bisphosphonates (N-BPs), which are usually used for the treatment of advanced cancer with bone metastasis, occasionally cause fever following the first administration. However, it is unclear as to how the development of fever following the first administration of N-BP is associated with clinical outcome. The aim of the present study was to determine the prognostic value of the development of fever following the first administration of N-BP in advanced non-small cell lung cancer patients with bone metastases. The present study reviewed the data of 46 patients with advanced n

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… /atcs.oa.10.01637 21881356 13 Kris MG Johnson BE Berry LD NIH Public Access Select Target Drugs 311 1998 2006 2014 14 Mitsudomi T Kosaka T Endoh H Horio Y Hida T Mori S Hatooka S Shinoda M Takahashi T Yatabe Y Mutations of the epidermal growth factor receptor gene predict prolonged survival after gefitinib …

The updated landscape of tumor microenvironment and drug repurposing.

Accumulating evidence shows that cellular and acellular components in tumor microenvironment (TME) can reprogram tumor initiation, growth, invasion, metastasis, and response to therapies. Cancer research and treatment have switched from a cancer-centric model to a TME-centric one, considering the increasing significance of TME in cancer biology. Nonetheless, the clinical efficacy of therapeutic strategies targeting TME, especially the specific cells or pathways of TME, remains unsatisfactory. Classifying the chemopathological characteristics of TME and crosstalk among one another can greatly b

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… cancer, endometrial cancer, uterine cancer NCT03192059 Recruiting Targeted therapy (osimertinib) NSCLC NCT03532698 ; NCT03543683 ; NCT04184921 Not yet recruiting Celecoxib Immunotherapy (nivolumab) Metastatic cancer NCT03864575 Not yet recruiting Targeted therapy (erlotinib, toripalimab, cetuximab, gefitinib … not recruiting Metformin | Immunotherapy (nivolumab, pembrolizumab, sintilimab) | NSCLC, SCLC, melanoma, solid tumors | NCT03048500 ; NCT03311308 ; NCT03874000 ; NCT03874000 | Recruiting NCT02145559 | Completed Targeted therapy (temsirolimus, vandetanib, sirolimus, lapatinib, erlotinib, irinotecan, gefitinib …

Circulating Tumour Cells (CTCs) in NSCLC: From Prognosis to Therapy Design.

Designing optimal (neo)adjuvant therapy is a crucial aspect of the treatment of non-small-cell lung carcinoma (NSCLC). Standard methods of chemotherapy, radiotherapy, and immunotherapy represent effective strategies for treatment. However, in some cases with high metastatic activity and high levels of circulating tumour cells (CTCs), the efficacy of standard treatment methods is insufficient and results in treatment failure and reduced patient survival. CTCs are seen not only as an isolated phenomenon but also a key inherent part of the formation of metastasis and a key factor in cancer death.

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… Liu et al. found that EGCG is a dual inhibitor of PI3Kα (IC 50 = 0.69 µM) and mTOR (IC 50 = 0.12 µM), an inhibitor of EMT, and can overcome gefitinib resistance [ 321 ]. …