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Rococo study: a real-world evaluation of an over-the-counter medicine in acute cough (a multicentre, randomised, controlled study).

OBJECTIVES: To investigate the efficacy and safety of CS1002, an over-the-counter cough treatment containing diphenhydramine, ammonium chloride and levomenthol in a cocoa-based demulcent. DESIGN: A multicentre, randomised, parallel group, controlled, single-blinded study in participants with acute upper respiratory tract infection-associated cough. SETTING: 4 general practitioner (GP) surgeries and 14 pharmacies in the UK. PARTICIPANTS: Participants aged ≥18 years who self-referred to a GP or pharmacist with acute cough of <7 days' duration. Participant inclusion criterion was cough severit…

Reactive intermediates in the oxidation of menthofuran by cytochromes P-450.

Menthofuran, a naturally occurring hepatotoxin, is metabolically activated to chemically reactive intermediates that are capable of covalent binding to cellular proteins. Studies in vivo and in vitro with inhibitors and inducers of hepatic cytochromes P-450 demonstrated an association between hepatocellular damage caused by menthofuran and its metabolic activation and covalent binding to target organ proteins. The same gamma-ketoenal formed from the metabolic precursor of menthofuran, pulegone, is the major electrophilic metabolite of menthofuran as well. Diastereomeric mintlactones also are f

Network pharmacology-based therapeutic intervention of Mentha arvensis targeting cancer and doxorubicin-induced cardiotoxicity.

BACKGROUND: Doxorubicin (Dox) is a widely used chemotherapeutic agent effective against hematological malignancies and solid tumors, includi … one, trans-Linalool, Piperitone, Octyl acetate, Camphor, Dihydrocarveol, p-Menthan-3-one, Furfural, Menthol, 3-Octyl acetate, 3-Octanone, 2-Hexen-1-OL, DL-Borneol, Piperitenone Oxide, alpha-Terpineol, 2-Hexenal, beta-Terpineol, Myrtenal, cis-3-Hexen-1-ol, Myrtenol, Isoamyl alcohol, 1-Hexanol, Lavandulyl acetate, Citral, Neral, Linalyl acetate, 1-Octanol, …

Adapting a Mobile Health App for Smoking Cessation in Black Adults With Anxiety Through an Analysis of the Mobile Anxiety Sensitivity Program Proof-of-Concept Trial: Qualitative Study.

BACKGROUND: At least half of smokers make a serious quit attempt each year, but Black adults who smoke are less likely than White adults who … c to the Black community, educational content on tobacco use in the Black community and the role of menthol, culturally tailored messages, and addressing tobacco use and racial discrimination. The MASP app was piloted with 24 adults with high anxiety sensitivity who identified as Black, smoked daily, and were not currently using medications or psychothera …

Mentha Pulegium: A Plant with Several Medicinal Properties.

The species Mentha Pulegium L. (M. pulegium L.) belongs to the family Lamiaceae, native to Europe, North Africa, and the Middle East, and th … entire plant contains a variety of compounds including Pulegone, Isomenthone, Carvone, Menthofuran, Menthol, 1,8-Cineole, Piperitone, Piperitenone, Neomenthol, -humulene, and 3-octanol. Eriocitrin, Hesperidin, Narirutin, Luteolin, Isorhoifolin, Galic acid, and Rosmarinic acid are found in the leaves. p-hydroxybenzoic acid, Ferulic acid, Caffeic acid, Vani …

Smoking, Corneal Biomechanics, and Glaucoma: Results From Two Large Population-Based Cohorts.

IMPORTANCE: African American smokers have among the highest rates of tobacco-attributable morbidity and mortality in the US, and effective t … mpleted the baseline visit (mean age, 52 years; 262 [52%] women; 260 [52%] light smokers; 429 [86%] menthol users), 441 (88%) completed the trial. Treating those lost to follow-up as smokers, participants receiving varenicline were significantly more likely than those receiving placebo to be abstinent at week 26 (15.7% vs 6.5%; difference, 9.2% [95% CI, 3 …

Risk Factors for Mucosal Redness in the Duodenal Bulb as Detected via Linked Color Imaging.

Linked color imaging (LCI) for image-enhanced endoscopy (IEE) highlights mucosal color differences. We investigated risk factors associated with mucosal redness of the duodenal bulb using LCI. Consecutive patients were retrospectively selected after their duodenal bulbs were observed via LCI. A symptom questionnaire (Izumo scale) was completed. The LCI of the duodenal bulb was subjectively evaluated on whether redness was present and objectively evaluated based on L* a* b* color values. The clinical characteristics of the 302 study participants were: male/female, 120/182; mean age, 70.9 years.

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… Ono et al. reported that spraying l-menthol sharpens the lavender color of intestinal metaplasia in the antrum when using LCI, emphasizing the color difference from the surrounding mucosa [ 36 ]. After spraying with l-menthol, the surrounding mucosa sometimes becomes reddish. … This may be due to the direct chemical effect of l-menthol or the influence of acids since the pH of l-menthol is around 4.95. Thus, LCI is sensitive to the presence of l-menthol in the stomach and may also show redness in the duodenum in a hyperacid environment. …

Subgingival ultrasonic instrumentation of residual pockets irrigated with essential oils: a randomized controlled trial.

AIM: To evaluate the clinical efficacy of subgingival ultrasonic instrumentation irrigated with essential oils (EOs) of residual periodontal pockets. MATERIAL AND METHODS: Sixty-four individuals with chronic periodontitis were invited to participate in this randomized, double-blind, parallel, and placebo-controlled clinical trial. All subjects received non-surgical periodontal therapy. After re-evaluation (baseline), residual pockets (pocket depth ≥5 mm) received test (ultrasonic instrumentation irrigated with EOs) or control therapy (ultrasonic instrumentation irrigated with negative control

Is Camphor the Future in Supporting Therapy for Skin Infections?

The aim of this review is to present the potential application of camphor-a bicyclic monoterpene ketone-in the prevention of skin infections. Skin diseases represent a heterogeneous group of disorders characterized by prolonged symptoms that significantly diminish the quality of life. They affect the dermis, the epidermis, and even subcutaneous tissue. They very often have a bacterial or fungal background. Therapy for dermatological skin disorders is difficult and long-term. Therefore, it is important to find a compound, preferably of natural origin, that (i) prevents the initiation of this in

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… In addition, the main ingredients in both formulations for Red TB ® and White TB ® are, respectively, menthol (10.0% and 8.0%), clove oil (5.0% and 1.5%) and cajuput oil (7.0% and 13.0%) [ 65 ]. Another painkilling ointment is Bengay, which contains camphor, methyl salicylate, and menthol [ 66 ]. … In addition, the main active ingredients of Vicks VapoRub ® ointment are camphor (5%), turpentine oil (5%), L-menthol (2.75%), and eucalyptus oil (1.5%), thymol and cedarwood oil. …

TRPM8 acute desensitization is mediated by calmodulin and requires PIP(2): distinction from tachyphylaxis.

The cold-sensing channel transient receptor potential melastatin 8 (TRPM8) features Ca(2+)-dependent downregulation, a cellular process underlying somatosensory accommodation in cold environments. The Ca(2+)-dependent functional downregulation of TRPM8 is manifested with two distinctive phases, acute desensitization and tachyphylaxis. Here we show in rat dorsal root ganglion neurons that TRPM8 acute desensitization critically depends on phosphatidylinositol 4,5-bisphosphate (PIP(2)) availability rather than PIP(2) hydrolysis and is triggered by calmodulin activation. Tachyphylaxis, on the othe

Ion Channels in Multiple Myeloma: Pathogenic Role and Therapeutic Perspectives.

Ion channels are pore-forming proteins that allow ions to flow across plasma membranes and intracellular organelles in both excitable and non-excitable cells. They are involved in the regulation of several biological processes (i.e., proliferation, cell volume and shape, differentiation, migration, and apoptosis). Recently, the aberrant expression of ion channels has emerged as an important step of malignant transformation, tumor progression, and drug resistance, leading to the idea of "onco-channelopathy". Here, we review the contribution of ion channels and transporters in multiple myeloma (

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… From bench to bedside: A case of rapid reversal of bortezomib-induced neuropathic pain by the TRPM8 activator, menthol. J. Clin. Oncol. 2008;26:4519–4520. doi: 10.1200/JCO.2008.18.5017. 99. Song T., Wang L., Gu K., Yang Y., Yang L., Ma P., Ma X., Zhao J., Yan R., Guan J., et al. … Psychophysical study of the effects of topical application of menthol in healthy volunteers. Pain. 2006;122:190–196. doi: 10.1016/j.pain.2006.01.026. 102. Wasner G., Schattschneider J., Binder A., Baron R. …

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… Menthol selectively activates TRPM8 receptors in selected sensory neurones showing increased expression after nerve injury. … Objective: To explore the effectiveness of topical menthol in mustard oil (alternatively sunflower oil) for NP in LAP, SCI and stroke. Method: Case series using topical menthol 2 to 5% in mustard or sunflower oil applied to NP affected areas (& spine) twice daily for 6 weeks. …

Physiological functions and pharmacological targeting of transient receptor potential channels.

Transient receptor potential (TRP) channels represent an extensive and diverse protein family fulfilling salient roles as versatile cellular sensors and effectors. The pivotal role of TRP and related ion channels in sensory processes has been well documented. Over the last few years, a new concept has emerged that TRP proteins control an exceptionally broad spectrum of homeostatic physiological functions such as maintenance of body temperature, blood pressure, transmitter release from neurons, mineral and energy homeostasis, and reproduction. This notion is further supported by more than 20 he

Nicotine activates the chemosensory cation channel TRPA1.

Topical application of nicotine, as used in nicotine replacement therapies, causes irritation of the mucosa and skin. This reaction has been attributed to activation of nicotinic acetylcholine receptors (nAChRs) in chemosensory neurons. In contrast with this view, we found that the chemosensory cation channel transient receptor potential A1 (TRPA1) is crucially involved in nicotine-induced irritation. We found that micromolar concentrations of nicotine activated heterologously expressed mouse and human TRPA1. Nicotine acted in a membrane-delimited manner, stabilizing the open state(s) and dest

Role of store-operated calcium channels and calcium sensitization in normoxic contraction of the ductus arteriosus.

BACKGROUND: At birth, the increase in oxygen causes contraction of the ductus arteriosus, thus diverting blood flow to the lungs. Although this contraction is modulated by substances such as endothelin and dilator prostaglandins, normoxic contraction is an intrinsic property of ductus smooth muscle. Normoxic inhibition of potassium channels causes membrane depolarization and calcium entry through L-type calcium channels. However, the studies reported here show that after inhibition of this pathway there is still substantial normoxic contraction, indicating the involvement of additional mechani

Pruritus: an overview. What drives people to scratch an itch?

Pruritus is a common complaint associated with many conditions. It negatively impacts sleep, quality of life, and mortality. Itch is transmitted along both histaminergic and non-histaminergic pathways with a complex interplay between keratinocytes, immune cells and cutaneous neurons. Individuals who present with pruritus should undergo a thorough assessment, especially those over 65 years old, to exclude underlying malignancy. Treatment no longer consists of antihistamines alone. Physicians now have an array of therapies in their armamentarium, to help alleviate this distressing symptom.

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… Topical therapies such as moisturizers, low pH cleansers, short-term use of topical corticosteroids, menthol, capsaicin, strontium and topical anesthetic agents may be employed. … to treat patients with notalgia paresthetica, CKD and prurigo nodularis. 63 , 64 The burning sensation that may occur after application of capsaicin may be reduced with pre-treatment with local anaesthetic cream. 65 An 8% patch has also shown efficacy in patients with neuropathic pruritus. 62 , 66 Menthol …

Managing treatment-related peripheral neuropathy in patients with multiple myeloma.

Peripheral neuropathy is one of the most important complications of multiple myeloma treatment. Neurological damage can be observed at the onset of the disease, due to the effect of monoclonal protein or radicular compression, but more often is treatment related. Vinca alkaloids in the past era, and more recently, thalidomide and bortezomib are mainly responsible. Degeneration of dorsal root ganglion is common, prevalently related to angiogenesis inhibition and cytokine modulation in the case of thalidomide and inhibition of the ubiquitin proteasome system in the case of bortezomib. Sensory ne

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… The local application of lidocaine or menthol-containing analgesic cream can temporarily alleviate bortezomib-induced pain. Some authors propose first to use pregabalin (150–600 mg/d) for at least 3 months or gabapentin (300–2,400 mg/d). … Cancer treatment-related neuropathic pain: proof of concept study with menthol – a TRPM8 agonist. Support Care Cancer. 2015;23(9):2769–2777. doi: 10.1007/s00520-015-2642-8. …

Hair Regrowth with Novel Hemp Extract: A Case Series.

INTRODUCTION: The endocannabinoid system (ECS), discovered in the 1990s, is a system involved with maintaining cellular homeostasis by down- … y through Wnt messaging. All three cannabinoids were functioning as TRPV1 agonists. The addition of menthol through the peppermint extract is probably acting through promoting a rapid onset of anagen phase. This topical hemp formulation was superior to oral finasteride, 5% minoxidil once daily foam and CBD topical extract alone. Since this hemp extract wo …

Combinational Antitumor Strategies Based on the Active Ingredients of Toad Skin and Toad Venom.

A multidrug combination strategy is an important mean to improve the treatment of cancer and is the mainstream scheme of clinical cancer treatment. The active ingredients of traditional Chinese medicine, represented by toad skin and toad venom, have the advantages of high efficiency, low toxicity, wide action and multiple targets and have become ideal targets in combined treatment strategies for tumors in recent years. Toad skin and toad venom are traditional Chinese animal medicines derived from Bufo bufo gargarizans Cantor or Bufo melanostictus Schneider that have shown excellent therapeutic

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… the National Medical Products Administration, WS-10119(ZD-0119)-2002-2012Z Chanwu Babu ointment (蟾乌巴布膏) Bufonis Venenum, Aconiti Radix, Zanthoxyli Radix, Paridis Rhizoma, Aconitum Coreanum, Piperis Longi Fructus, Asari Radix Et Rhizoma, Caryophylli Flos, Cinnamomi Cortex, Olibanum, Myrrha, Camphor, Menthol … chemotherapy Drug Standards of the National State Food and Drug Administration, YBZ08752008 Toad venom Zhentong gel ointment (蟾酥镇痛凝胶膏) Bufonis Venenum, Strychni Semen, Arisaematis Rhizoma, Aconiti Radix, Realgar, Angelicae Dahuricae Radix, Curcumae longae Rhizoma, Lobeliae Chinensis Herba, Camphor, Menthol …

Scrambler therapy for chemotherapy-induced peripheral neuropathy: A case report.

BackgroundChemotherapy-induced peripheral neuropathy (CIPN) is a common and debilitating side effect of cancer treatment, significantly affecting patients' quality of life. Current pharmacological treatments are often ineffective or poorly tolerated, necessitating alternative therapeutic approaches. Scrambler Therapy (ST), a non-invasive neuromodulation technique, has shown potential for reducing neuropathic pain, but optimal dosing regimens remain undefined.ObjectiveThis case study aims to evaluate the effectiveness of Scrambler Therapy in reducing pain levels and improving functional status

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… She previously tried multiple therapies for her neuropathic symptoms, including gabapentin, pregabalin, nortriptyline, topical menthol, and alpha-lipoic acid – all with minimal benefit. Moderate improvement was noted with venlafaxine. …