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Пространственный анализ скруба тифа и его связи с экологическими и социально-экономическими факторами на Тайване.

Мы проанализировали пространственное распределение человеческих случаев скруба тифа на главном острове Тайвань в период с 2003 по 2008 год и провели в масштабах всего острова обследование переносчиков скруба тифа (тромбикулидов) в 2007 и 2008 годах. Стандартизованный коэффициент заболеваемости "SIR" с учетом межрайонных различий населения, пола и возраста коррелировал с экологическими и социально-экономическими переменными. Более высокие показатели заболеваемости и SIR были сгруппированы в менее развитых горных районах центрального и восточного Тайваня. Более высокие СИР также связаны с более

Совпадение в аннотации оригинала
We analyzed the spatial distribution of human cases of scrub typhus on the main island of Taiwan from 2003 to 2008 and implemented an island … l hosts in high-SIR districts harbored more chiggers and had higher rates of seropositivity against Orientia tsutsugamushi Hyashi, the etiologic agent of scrub typhus, compared to low-SIR districts. The concurrence of a higher proportion of dry-field farmers and higher NDVI has likely led to the clustering of scrub typhus in the mountainous regions of Taiw …

Seroprevalence of scrub typhus infection in patients with pyrexia at some malaria clinics in three western provinces of Thailand.

In Thailand, the epidemiological data on scrub typhus infection represents only "the tip of an iceberg" especially in malaria clinics where patients come to seek attention because of other febrile illnesses that may have initial clinical signs that are indistinguishable from malaria. The objectives of this study were to determine the prevalence of antibody titers to Orientia tsutsugamushi, and its various strains, among patients at some malaria clinics in three western provinces of Thailand. The sample was represented by 200 patients from 6 malaria clinics in Ratchaburi, Petchaburi and Kanchan…

Standard operating protocol for Scrub typhus diagnosis and treatment.

Scrub typhus is increasingly recognised as a common cause of acute febrile illness in South and Southeast Asia. A lack of clinical suspicion and delayed diagnosis contribute to a mortality rate of ∼10%. A clinical diagnosis based on seasonal epidemiology, presence of eschar or rash, thrombocytopenia, hepatic or splenic involvement, and multiorgan dysfunction warrants prompt empirical treatment with doxycycline or azithromycin. IgM enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay remains the diagnostic mainstay. Treatment is stratified by severity; dual therapy is recommended in severe, confirmed cases. Most

Determination of cut-off of diagnostic ELISA for Scrub typhus in endemic setup: Central India.

Serology remains the mainstay for diagnosis of scrub typhus. In central India, diagnosis of this neglected emerging zoonotic disease suffers due to lack of standardized region-specific cutoff value and diagnostic test. Henceforth, standardized region-specific cutoff value for diagnostic ELISA play a significant role in initial treatment of patients and to differentiate other febrile diseases in endemic setup. A total of 144 patients of all age groups with acute undifferentiated febrile illness patients, forty healthy controls, dengue and chikungunya positive thirty-five samples in each categor

Prolonged coma in a scrub typhus patient.

Central nervous system symptoms occur in more than 80% of patients with scrub typhus infection; however, the entity of central nervous system involvement is still not fully understood. We present the case of a patient with fulminant scrub typhus with multiple organ failure, including prolonged deep coma, and detail the sequential neurological symptoms, signs, laboratory data, and neuroradiological findings.

Spatiotemporal Dynamics of Scrub Typhus Transmission in Mainland China, 2006-2014.

BACKGROUND: Scrub typhus is endemic in the Asia-Pacific region including China, and the number of reported cases has increased dramatically in the past decade. However, the spatial-temporal dynamics and the potential risk factors in transmission of scrub typhus in mainland China have yet to be characterized. OBJECTIVE: This study aims to explore the spatiotemporal dynamics of reported scrub typhus cases in mainland China between January 2006 and December 2014, to detect the location of high risk spatiotemporal clusters of scrub typhus cases, and identify the potential risk factors affecting t

Comparative epidemiological studies on vector/reservoir animals of tsutsugamushi disease between high and low endemic areas in Korea.

Comparative epidemiological studies on vector reservoir animals of tsutsugamushi disease were carried out in between south coast (the highest endemic) areas and east coast (low endemic) areas in October 1993. Fauna of field rodents and their population densities were not different between two areas. Antibody positive rate of Apodemus agrarius sera was higher in east coast (43.2% in south coast and 63.6% in east coast). High correlation (r = 0.87) was shown between antibody positive rate of A. agrarius sera and population density of the vector mites (Leptotrombidium scutellare and L. pallidum).

[The use of polymerase chain reaction method for the detection of Rickettsia tsutsugamushi in wild rodents].

We studied the applicability of polymerase chain reaction (PCR) method for the detection of R. tsutsugamushi in wild rodents. The PCR method which amplified the gene coding for the group-specific antigen of R. tsutsugamushi was used in this study. Specific PCR products (88 bp) were obtained with the DNAs from three reference strains (Gilliam, Karp, and Kato) and two cell culture adapted field isolates (KN-1 and GJ-1). The minimum number detectable by the PCR method was estimated to be 1.3 copies of rickettsial genome. In a study with experimentally infected mice, the PCR method could detect ri

[Isolation of Rickettsia tsutsugamushi from the blood samples of patients in Taiwan].

Scrub typhus, an acute febrile eruptive disease caused by Rickettsia tsutsugamushi, is one of the most commonly reported communicable diseases in Taiwan. However, information about the epidemic trends of scrub typhus in Taiwan is still very limited. Therefore, this study was performed to isolate the causative agent and determine the prevalence of three different serotypes. From June 1992 to December 1994, lymphocyte cell cultures were grown from different regions of Taiwan. Cell cultures were assayed for R. tsutsugamuhi via immuno-fluorescence, using antisera against Gillian, Karp and Kato str

[Detection antigen of Rickettsia tsutsugamushi by using monoclonal antibody].

Dot-ELISA was used with HRP-labelled monoclonal antibodies Kp3 (IgGi) and Kp4-6 (IgM) against antigen of the Karp strain of Rickettsia tsutsugamushi to detect the antigen of R. tsutsugamushi. The positive rate of sera of 56 acute scrub typhus patients and 37 wild rats caught from the countryside of the endemic area as well as 29 batches of chiggers collected from the wild rats were 92.9%, 100% and 89.7%, respectively. No cross reaction was found with antigens of other rickettsia groups such as R. mooseri, R. prowazeki, R.burneti and R. rickettsia. In patients suffering from acute scrub typhus

Characterization of a new antigenic type, Kuroki, of Rickettsia tsutsugamushi isolated from a patient in Japan.

The Kuroki strain of Rickettsia tsutsugamushi, isolated from a patient in Kyushu, Japan, has a major, type-specific antigenic polypeptide which is distinct from the prototype strains in size (58 kilodaltons), in antigenicity, and in its cleavage pattern with N-chlorosuccinimide. These results indicate that Kuroki is another antigenic type of R. tsutsugamushi.

Clinical and immunologic responses of silvered leaf monkeys (Presbytis cristatus) to experimental reinfection with Rickettsia tsutsugamushi.

Silvered leaf monkeys (Presbytis cristatus) that had recovered from active Rickettsia tsutsugamushi infections 14 months previously became rickettsemic when inoculated with homologous, related, or unrelated strains of R. tsutsugamushi. In contrast to the results after the initial infection that produced disease, no signs were observed after the subsequent infections. Most animals responded with detectable titers of antibody to the Karp antigen regardless of the inoculated strains. Strains recovered during rickettsemia usually had antigens related only to the challenge strains, but in three sil

Enzymatic activity of blood lymphocytes experimental tsutsugamushi fever in mice.

The influence of tsutsugamushi fever infection on the metabolism of blood lymphocytes of mice differing in susceptibility to Rickettsia tsutsugamushi and of rifampicine and tetracycline treatment was studied. In susceptible mice, the activity of oxidation-reduction processes in lymphocytes increased at 7--10 days of the disease and became normal upon recovery of the animals. In mice with low susceptibility this increase of the activity began and terminated much earlier, at 3--5 days. Treatment of the infection with antibiotics resulted in a rapid arrest of the disease and normalization of the

Plaque assay and cloning of scrub typhus rickettsiae in irradiated L-929 cells.

It was demonstrated that gamma-irradiated L-929 cells support plaque formation by three strains of Rickettsia tsutsugamushi and representative species of the spotted fever and typhus group rickettsiae. Sensitivity of the plaque assay for detection of viable scrub typhus rickettsiae was similar to that achieved with intraperitoneal inoculation of random-bred mice. The concentration of irradiated cells and the temperature and length of incubation were all found to affect plaque size. A technique combining terminal dilution and plaque purification was used to obtain clones of three strains of scr

A humanized IFN-γ mouse model reveals skin eschar formation, enhanced susceptibility and scrub typhus pathogenesis.

Scrub typhus, caused by Orientia tsutsugamushi (Ot) bacteria, is a serious acute febrile illness associated with significant mortality. No effective vaccine is currently available, largely due to the complex Ot strain diversity and an incomplete understanding of protective immune mechanisms. To overcome these challenges, there is a critical need for a suitable animal model that mimics human disease through the natural route of infection. Here, we report for the first time that a genetically engineered humanized mouse strain (with triple knockout/knock-in of IFN-γ and its receptors, abbreviated…