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Differences in socio-demographic and environmental exposures at home vs. school in the ECHO cohort.

BACKGROUND: Social and environmental exposures, typically characterized at residential locations, are linked to adverse respiratory outcomes in children; yet, children spend a significant amount of time in school. Little is known about how socio-demographic and environmental exposures vary between home and school settings. OBJECTIVES: The objectives of this study were to compare home and school exposures and to assess whether these differences were consistent across cities and varied by home-school distance. METHODS: Home and school addresses were geocoded for 6-13 year olds (n = 923) from t

Addressing Food Insecurity through a Health Equity Lens: a Case Study of Large Urban School Districts during the COVID-19 Pandemic.

Reduced access to school meals during public health emergencies can accelerate food insecurity and nutritional status, particularly for low- … rents, build on community capacity, and increase social and economic resources. We matched district census tract boundaries to demographic data from the 2018 American Community Survey and United States Department of Agriculture food desert data, and used geographic information systems (GIS) software to identify meal site locations relative to student populatio …

Occupational Therapy, Physical Therapy, and Home Health Use Among People With Intellectual and Developmental Disabilities: Measuring Their Association With Neighborhood Racial Segregation.

IMPORTANCE: Black people with intellectual and developmental disabilities (IDD) report poor health and lower service use compared with their … ghted two-level logistic regression models, of the Medical Expenditure Panel Survey (2013-2020) and census tract data from the American Community Survey. RESULTS: Sixteen percent of individuals with IDD reported use of outpatient occupational therapy and physical therapy, and 23% reported use of home health services. Race and neighborhood segregation were not …

Medicaid Expansion and Place-Based Disparities in Non-Small Cell Lung Cancer Diagnosis and Survival.

IMPORTANCE: Non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) is the leading cause of cancer death in the US, with substantial socioeconomic, racial, and g … litan status and social deprivation. Stratified analyses were conducted within subgroups defined by census tract-level poverty and county-level poverty, metropolitan status, medically underserved areas, racialized economic residential segregation, and social deprivation. RESULTS: Among 303 503 patients (164 901 [54.3%] male; 216 591 [71.4%] aged 55-64 years), …

Effects of curcumin on depression, anxiety, and stress symptoms in adults: a GRADE-assessed systematic review and dose-response meta-analysis.

In early 2020, Argentina experienced the worst dengue outbreak in its history, concomitant with first-to-date increasing COVID-19 cases. Den … urveillance System; each record was anonymized and geo-localized. The city was divided according to census tracts and grouped in four socio-economic strata: slums, high, mid and low residential. An aligned-rank transform ANOVA was performed to test for differences in the incidence of dengue and COVID-19, and age at death due to COVID-19, among socio-economic s …

Epigenetic Age Acceleration and Disparities in Posttraumatic Stress in Women in Southeast Louisiana: NIMHD Social Epigenomics Program.

IMPORTANCE: Disasters experienced by an entire community provide opportunities to understand individual differences in risk for adverse heal … ximize probability of participant oil exposure and (2) proportionally recruited participants across census tracts in the 5 other parishes closest to the spill. EXPOSURE: Posttraumatic stress subsequent to the DHOS. MAIN OUTCOME AND MEASURES: Epigenetic age acceleration was measured by DNAm assayed from survey wave 1 blood samples. Posttraumatic stress disord …

Early-Life Exposure to Air Pollution and Childhood Asthma Cumulative Incidence in the ECHO CREW Consortium.

IMPORTANCE: Exposure to outdoor air pollution contributes to childhood asthma development, but many studies lack the geographic, racial and … a high school diploma, among Black children, in communities with fewer child opportunities, and in census tracts with higher percentage Black population and population density; for example, there was a significantly higher association between PM2.5 and asthma incidence by younger than 5 years of age in Black children (HR, 1.60 [95% CI, 1.15-2.22]) compared wi …

Association Between Historical Neighborhood Redlining and Cardiovascular Outcomes Among US Veterans With Atherosclerotic Cardiovascular Diseases.

IMPORTANCE: In the 1930s, the government-sponsored Home Owners' Loan Corporation (HOLC) established maps of US neighborhoods that identified … e). Data analysis was performed in June 2022. EXPOSURE: Home Owners' Loan Corporation grade of the census tracts of residence. MAIN OUTCOMES AND MEASURES: The first occurrence of major adverse cardiovascular events (MACE), comprising myocardial infarction, stroke, major adverse extremity events, and all-cause mortality. The adjusted association between HOLC …

A state-by-state and regional analysis of the direct medical costs of treating musculoskeletal injuries among US Army trainees.

INTRODUCTION: Low physical activity (PA) and physical fitness (PF) are well-known factors for chronic diseases generally and cardiovascular … direct medical costs for MSKIs were aggregated to home-state and regional-levels for the four U.S. Census tract regions. A test for equality of proportions was performed at state- and regional-levels to investigate differences in percent of trainees with MSKIs by state/region. A one-way ANOVA was used to investigate possible differences in medical cost/traine …

Association of Local Variation in Neighborhood Disadvantage in Metropolitan Areas With Youth Neurocognition and Brain Structure.

IMPORTANCE: Neighborhood disadvantage is an important social determinant of health in childhood and adolescence. Less is known about the ass … een October 1, 2016, and October 31, 2018. EXPOSURES: Neighborhood disadvantage factor based on US census tract characteristics. MAIN OUTCOMES AND MEASURES: Neurocognition was measured with the NIH Toolbox Cognition Battery, and T1-weighted magnetic resonance imaging was used to assess whole-brain and regional measures of structure. Linear mixed-effects mode …

Prevalence of SARS-CoV-2 in Spain (ENE-COVID): a nationwide, population-based seroepidemiological study.

BACKGROUND: Spain is one of the European countries most affected by the COVID-19 pandemic. Serological surveys are a valuable tool to assess the extent of the epidemic, given the existence of asymptomatic cases and little access to diagnostic tests. This nationwide population-based study aims to estimate the seroprevalence of SARS-CoV-2 infection in Spain at national and regional level. METHODS: 35 883 households were selected from municipal rolls using two-stage random sampling stratified by province and municipality size, with all residents invited to participate. From April 27 to May 11, 2

Uncorrected Refractive Error in the African American Eye Disease Study.

IMPORTANCE: Refractive error remains the largest cause of correctable visual impairment in the US. Correction of refractive error will reduc … based sample of self-identified African American participants 40 years and older from 30 contiguous census tracts in Inglewood, California. Participants underwent a complete ophthalmic examination and an in-home-administered questionnaire to assess sociodemographic, lifestyle, biological, medical, and health care and eye care usage RFs associated with UCRE and …

The Role of Prenatal Psychosocial Stress in the Associations of a Proinflammatory Diet in Pregnancy With Child Adiposity and Growth Trajectories.

IMPORTANCE: Prenatal psychosocial stress and nutrition may each program offspring adiposity, an important predictor of lifelong cardiometabo … al Depression Scale (EPDS), dichotomized at scores greater than or equal to 13 vs less than 13; and census tract-level social vulnerability (overall Social Vulnerability Index and its 4 main subindices), dichotomized at the 75th percentile. MAIN OUTCOMES AND MEASURES: Overall adiposity, comprising sex- and age-standardized body mass index (BMI z), sum of subs …

Racial and geographic variation in effects of maternal education and neighborhood-level measures of socioeconomic status on gestational age at birth: Findings from the ECHO cohorts.

Preterm birth occurs at excessively high and disparate rates in the United States. In 2016, the National Institutes of Health (NIH) launched … bachelor's degree, graduate school, or professional degree) and neighborhood-level markers of SES (census tract [CT] urbanicity, percentage of black population in CT, percentage of population below the federal poverty level in CT) on gestational age at birth (categorized as preterm, early term, full term [the reference category], late, and post term) accordin …

Health care utilization before and after COVID-19 diagnosis: a multidisease matched-cohort study by sociodemographic factors.

BACKGROUND: The COVID-19 pandemic substantially disrupted healthcare utilization across clinical conditions, populations, and care settings. … for demographic characteristics (sex, age, race/ethnicity, insurance type, state of residence) and census tract-level socioeconomic indicators (median household income, educational attainment, and poverty/food access). To estimate the absolute burden of health care utilization associated with COVID-19, we converted DiD rate ratios into excess encounters per 1 …

Effect of a Peer Health Coaching Intervention on Clinical Outcomes Among US Veterans With Cardiovascular Risks: The Vet-COACH Randomized Clinical Trial.

IMPORTANCE: Although cardiovascular disease (CVD) is the leading cause of death in the US, CVD risk factors remain suboptimally controlled. … ther CVD risk factor (current smoker, overweight or obesity, and/or hyperlipidemia), who resided in Census tracts with the highest prevalence of hypertension were eligible to participate. Participants were randomized to the intervention group (n = 134) or control group (n = 130). An intention-to-treat analysis was performed from May 2017 to October 2021. INTE …

Examination of the Black-White racial disparity in severe maternal morbidity among Georgia deliveries, 2016 to 2020.

BACKGROUND: Studies find that delivery hospital explains a significant portion of the Black-White gap in severe maternal morbidity. No such … umber of federally-qualified and community health centers, medically-underserved area [yes/no], and census tract neighborhood deprivation index). We estimated models with and without hospital fixed-effects, which account for unobserved time-invariant hospital characteristics such as within-hospital care processes or unmeasured hospital-specific factors. RESUL …

The social vulnerability index as a risk stratification tool for health disparity research in cancer patients: a scoping review.

PurposeThe social vulnerability index (SVI), developed by the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, is a novel composite measure encompassing multiple variables that correspond to key social determinants of health. The objective of this review was to investigate innovative applications of the SVI to oncology research and to employ the framework of the cancer care continuum to elucidate further research opportunities.MethodsA systematic search for relevant articles was performed in five databases from inception to 13 May 2022. Included studies applied the SVI to analyze outcomes in cancer

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… Or vary by census tract -level SVI? … Similarly, area-level results, whether county- or census tract-level, may not be generalizable to individual patients. …

Precancer and cancer-associated depression and anxiety among older adults with blood cancers in the United States.

For patients with blood cancers, comorbid mental health disorders at diagnosis likely affect the entire disease trajectory, as they can interfere with disease information processing, lead to poor coping, and even cause delays in care. We aimed to characterize the prevalence of depression and anxiety in patients with blood cancers. Using the Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results-Medicare database, we identified patients ≥67 years old diagnosed with lymphoma, myeloma, leukemia, or myelodysplastic syndromes between 2000 and 2015. We determined the prevalence of precancer depression and anxi

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… Median income was defined based on available median household or per capita income by census tract and ZIP code in the SEER-Medicare database and categorized in quintiles. … Patient characteristics * Quintiles based on percentage of individuals 25 yrs and older with some college education in a census tract. † Quintiles based on the median household or per capita income within each census tract. …

Лечение чернокожих и белых пожилых людей с множественной миеломой: анализ SEER-Medicare.

Цель настоящего исследования заключается в том, чтобы описать время начала лечения чернокожих и белых пожилых людей с множественными миеломой (ММ) и проверить гипотезу о том, что различия между чернокожими и белыми в начале лечения с течением времени возросли.65+) диагноз миэломы 2007-2017 были выявлены в базе данных SEER-Medicare. Непрерывное медицинское обслуживание 12 за месяцы до и после диагностики или до смерти, а также по части D 12 - месяцев после диагностики или до смерти. Мы изучали время начала лечения по расовому признаку three период диагностирования2007-10, 2011-2014, 2015-2017)

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… Rurality, measured using Rural Urban Commuting Area (RUCA) codes, categorized patients' residence as rural or non‐rural at the census tract level [ 24 ]. … Individual and area level poverty were captured by assessing the percentage of the census tract living in poverty from the American Communities Survey and the receipt of Medicare low‐income subsidies (any subsidy/none) [ 25 , 26 ]. …