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Case report: Identification of acute promyelocytic leukemia during osimertinib resistance followed by granulocyte colony-stimulating factor and pembrolizumab.

BACKGROUND: The occurrence of acute promyelocytic leukemia (APL) during the management of lung cancer is rare and life-threatening. It was mainly reported to be secondary to chemoradiotherapy. A few studies reported an increased incidence of therapy-related acute promyelocytic leukemia (t-APL) after gefitinib became available. CASE PRESENTATION: We reported a patient who developed thrombocytopenia after receiving oral osimertinib in combination with intensity-modulated radiotherapy (IMRT). For half a year, she had an unrecoverable low platelet count, which progressed to concomitant leukopenia

Optimal use of granulocyte colony-stimulating factor prophylaxis to improve survival in cancer patients receiving treatment : An expert view.

BACKGROUND: Febrile neutropenia (FN) is a relatively common complication of cytotoxic chemotherapy. Prophylaxis with granulocyte colony-stimulating factor (G-CSF) can prevent FN and chemotherapy dose delays and enable the use of the higher dose intensities associated with a survival benefit; however, G‑CSF is not always used optimally. Five medical oncologists with a special interest in supportive care met to discuss the evidence for prophylaxis with G‑CSF to improve survival in cancer patients, identify reasons why this is not always done, and suggest potential solutions. The dose intensity o

Revisiting the Utility of Granulocyte Colony-Stimulating Factor Post-Autologous Hematopoietic Stem Cell Transplantation for Outpatient-Based Transplantations.

The use of granulocyte colony-stimulating factor (G-CSF) after autologous stem cell transplantation (ASCT) has been shown to reduce the time to neutrophil engraftment, as well as the duration of hospitalization post-transplantation. However, prior studies have focused on inpatient-based ASCT, where patients are routinely admitted for conditioning and frequently remain hospitalized until signs of neutrophil recovery. Given improvements in post-transplantation care, an increasing number of patients, particularly those receiving ASCT for multiple myeloma, are now undergoing transplantation in an

[Efficiency and safety analysis of Plerixafor combined with granulocyte colony-stimulating factor on autologous hematopoietic stem cell mobilization in lymphoma].

Objective: To evaluate the advantages and safety of Plerixafor in combination with granulocyte colony-stimulating factor (G-CSF) in autologous hematopoietic stem cell mobilization of lymphoma. Methods: Lymphoma patients who received autologous hematopoietic stem cell mobilization with Plerixafor in combination with G-CSF or G-CSF alone were obtained. The clinical data, the success rate of stem cell collection, hematopoietic reconstitution, and treatment-related adverse reactions between the two groups were evaluated retrospectively. Results: A total of 184 lymphoma patients were included in th

3D-printed hydrogel scaffold-loaded granulocyte colony-stimulating factor sustained-release microspheres and their effect on endometrial regeneration.

After injury, the endometrium cannot self-repair or regenerate because damage to the uterine basal layer often leads to intrauterine adhesions (IUAs), which can cause serious problems such as infertility and recurrent miscarriage. At present, no clinically effective method is available for the treatment of IUAs. With its advantages of being individualized and precise, three-dimensional (3D) bioprinting technology has been used to regenerate various damaged tissues and organs. Granulate colony-stimulating factor (G-CSF) clearly plays a positive role in endometrial regeneration, but precise and

First-in-human use of 11C-CPPC with positron emission tomography for imaging the macrophage colony-stimulating factor 1 receptor.

PURPOSE: Study of the contribution of microglia to onset and course of several neuropsychiatric conditions is challenged by the fact that these resident immune cells often take on different phenotypes and functions outside the living brain. Imaging microglia with radiotracers developed for use with positron emission tomography (PET) allows researchers to study these cells in their native tissue microenvironment. However, many relevant microglial imaging targets such as the 18 kDa translocator protein are also expressed on non-microglial cells, which can complicate the interpretation of PET fin

Inhibition of colony stimulating factor-1 receptor (CSF-1R) as a potential therapeutic strategy for neurodegenerative diseases: opportunities and challenges.

Microglia are specialized dynamic immune cells in the central nervous system (CNS) that plays a crucial role in brain homeostasis and in disease states. Persistent neuroinflammation is considered a hallmark of many neurodegenerative diseases, including Alzheimer's disease (AD), Parkinson's disease (PD), Huntington's disease (HD), amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) and primary progressive multiple sclerosis (MS). Colony stimulating factor 1-receptor (CSF-1R) is predominantly expressed on microglia and its expression is significantly increased in neurodegenerative diseases. Cumulative findings

Granulocyte colony-stimulating factor attenuates liver damage by M2 macrophage polarization and hepatocyte proliferation in alcoholic hepatitis in mice.

Massive inflammation and liver failure are main contributors to the high mortality in alcohol-associated hepatitis (AH). In recent clinical trials, granulocyte colony-stimulating factor (G-CSF) therapy improved liver function and survival in patients with AH. However, the mechanisms of G-CSF-mediated beneficial effects in AH remain elusive. In this study, we evaluated effects of in vivo G-CSF administration, using a mouse model of AH. G-CSF treatment significantly reduced liver damage in alcohol-fed mice even though it increased the numbers of liver-infiltrating immune cells, including neutrop

Recombinant Human Granulocyte-Macrophage Colony-Stimulating Factor (rhu GM-CSF) as Adjuvant Therapy for Invasive Fungal Diseases.

BackgroundSargramostim (yeast-derived, glycosylated recombinant human granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor [rhu GM-CSF]) augments innate and adaptive immune responses and accelerates hematopoietic recovery of chemotherapy-induced neutropenia. However, considerably less is known about its efficacy as adjunctive immunotherapy against invasive fungal diseases (IFDs).MethodsThe clinical courses of 15 patients with pediatric malignancies and IFDs treated adjunctively with sargramostim at a single institution were analyzed in a retrospective cohort review. Further, a systematic review of

Granulocyte Colony-Stimulating Factor Utilization and Prescribing Patterns in Cancer Patients: A Single Institution Experience of a Saudi Cancer Center.

Background Febrile neutropenia (FN), owing to its negative association with immune function and infectious complications, acts as a treatment-limiting factor in myelotoxic cancer chemotherapy. This study aimed to analyze the incidence of FN, utilization of granulocyte colony-stimulating factor (G-CSF) in patients who experienced FN, and its association with age and comorbidities. Methodology This retrospective study was conducted in a major tertiary hospital in Riyadh, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia. Inclusion criteria entailed all neutropenic adults aged >18 years with a proven cancer diagnosis, inc

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… Colony-stimulating factors (CSFs) such as granulocyte colony-stimulating factor (G-CSF) and granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor (GM-CSF) act as accelerators of neutrophil production from progenitor cells [ 11 - 13 ]. … Meta-analysis: effect of prophylactic hematopoietic colony-stimulating factors on mortality and outcomes of infection. …

Long-acting granulocyte colony-stimulating factor in primary prophylaxis of early infection in patients with newly diagnosed multiple myeloma.

PurposeThis study sought to compare the efficacy of prophylactic long-acting and standard granulocyte colony-stimulating factor (G-CSF) on febrile neutropenia, early infections, and treatment delay in patients with newly diagnosed multiple myeloma (MM) receiving the therapeutic regimen of bortezomib, lenalidomide, and dexamethasone (VRd).MethodsA prospective study with 68 consecutive patients with MM was conducted in three regional hospitals. Participants were randomly treated with the VRd regimen in combination with prophylactic long-acting G-CSF (treatment group) or prophylactic standard G-C

Patterns of primary prophylactic granulocyte colony-stimulating factor use in older Medicare patients with cancer receiving myelosuppressive chemotherapy.

PURPOSE: Guidelines recommend primary prophylactic (PP) granulocyte colony stimulating factor (G-CSF) for prevention of febrile neutropenia (FN) in patients receiving myelosuppressive chemotherapy with high risk (HR: > 20%), or intermediate risk (IR:10-20%) of FN and ≥ 1 patient risk factor (e.g., age ≥ 65y). The current retrospective cohort study describes patterns of PP-G-CSF in older Medicare patients undergoing myelosuppressive chemotherapy with HR/IR of FN. METHODS: Patients aged ≥ 66y initiating chemotherapy regimens with HR/IR of FN to treat breast, colorectal, lung, or ovarian cancer,

A Quantitative Systems Pharmacology Framework for Optimal Doxorubicin Granulocyte Colony-Stimulating Factor Regimens in Triple-Negative Breast Cancer.

INTRODUCTION: To mitigate the risk of neutropenia during chemotherapy treatment of triple-negative breast cancer, prophylactic and supportive therapy with granulocyte colony-stimulating factor (G-CSF) is administered concomitant to chemotherapy. The proper timing of combined chemotherapy and G-CSF is crucial for treatment outcomes. METHODS: Leveraging our established mathematical model of neutrophil production by G-CSF, we developed quantitative systems pharmacology (QSP) framework to investigate how modulating chemotherapy dose frequency and intensity can maximize antitumour effects. To esta

Effect of intrauterine granulocyte-colony stimulating factor administration on in vitro fertilization outcome in women with moderate-to-severe endometriosis: An RCT.

BACKGROUND: Nearly 25-50% of infertile women have endometriosis. There are reports of disorders in the expression of granulocyte colony-stimulating factor (G-CSF) receptors in women with endometriosis. OBJECTIVE: To examine the effect of intrauterine administration of G-CSF in in vitro fertilization (IVF) cycles on the fertility rate of infertile women with moderate-to-severe endometriosis. MATERIALS AND METHODS: This clinical trial was conducted on 66 infertile women with moderate-to-severe endometriosis, undergoing IVF and intracytoplasmic sperm injection (ICSI). The participants were allo

Thrombin-Induced Decidual Colony-Stimulating Factor-2 Promotes Abruption-Related Preterm Birth by Weakening Fetal Membranes.

Preterm premature rupture of membranes (PPROM) and thrombin generation by decidual cell-expressed tissue factor often accompany abruptions. Underlying mechanisms remain unclear. We hypothesized that thrombin-induced colony-stimulating factor-2 (CSF-2) in decidual cells triggers paracrine signaling via its receptor (CSF2R) in trophoblasts, promoting fetal membrane weakening and abruption-associated PPROM. Decidua basalis sections from term (n = 10), idiopathic preterm birth (PTB; n = 8), and abruption-complicated pregnancies (n = 8) were immunostained for CSF-2. Real-time quantitative PCR measu

Role of Macrophage Colony-Stimulating Factor Receptor on the Proliferation and Survival of Microglia Following Systemic Nerve and Cuprizone-Induced Injuries.

Microglia are the innate immune cells of the CNS and their proliferation, activation, and survival have previously been shown to be highly dependent on macrophage colony-stimulating factor receptor (CSF1R). Here we investigated the impact of the receptor in such processes using two different models of nerve injuries, namely hypoglossal axotomy and cuprizone-induced demyelination. Both models are associated with a robust microgliosis. The role of CSF1R was investigated using the gene deletion Cre/Lox system, which allows the conditional knock-out following tamoxifen administration. We found tha

Colony-Stimulating Factor 1 Receptor (CSF1R) Activates AKT/mTOR Signaling and Promotes T-Cell Lymphoma Viability.

PURPOSE: Peripheral T-cell lymphomas are clinically aggressive and usually fatal, as few complete or durable remissions are achieved with currently available therapies. Recent evidence supports a critical role for lymphoma-associated macrophages during T-cell lymphoma progression, but the specific signals involved in the cross-talk between malignant T cells and their microenvironment are poorly understood. Colony-stimulator factor 1 receptor (CSF1R, CD115) is required for the homeostatic survival of tissue-resident macrophages. Interestingly, its aberrant expression has been reported in a subs

The significance of anti-granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor antibodies in cryptococcal infection: case series and review of antibody testing.

We report two cases of cryptococcosis, associated with anti-granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor antibodies. We review this recently identified acquired form of autoimmune immune deficiency and discuss the potential applications of granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor antibody testing by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay.

Suppressive effect of syndecan ectodomains and N-desulfated heparins on osteoclastogenesis via direct binding to macrophage-colony stimulating factor.

Syndecans, a family of cell surface heparan sulfate proteoglycans, regulate cell differentiation via binding of their heparan sulfate chains to growth factors and cytokines and play a role in tumor growth and progression, wound repair, and intestinal mucosal damage. However, the functional and mechanistic roles of syndecans in osteoclast differentiation and bone metabolism are yet unclear. Here, we demonstrated that post-translationally glycosylated ectodomains of syndecan-1 to 4 obtained from mammalian cells efficiently suppressed osteoclast differentiation compared to those obtained from Esc