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Influence of micronutrient status and socioeconomic gradient on growth indices of 2-18-year-old Indian girls.

Micronutrient deficiencies are common consequences of the plant-based diet in children from developing countries which may affect their linear and ponderal growth. The aim of the study was to investigate the association between micronutrient status and growth indices in Indian girls. In cross-sectional studies (2006-2010), data on weight, height and diet were collected on 1302 girls (2-18 years) from Pune city, India. Fasting hemoglobin was measured on 1118 girls and serum zinc was measured on 695 girls. Height-for-age Z-scores (HAZ) and body mass index for age Z-score (BMIZ) were computed usi

Micronutrient (Zn, Cu, Fe)-gene interactions in ageing and inflammatory age-related diseases: implications for treatments.

In ageing, alterations in inflammatory/immune response and antioxidant capacity lead to increased susceptibility to diseases and loss of mobility and agility. Various essential micronutrients in the diet are involved in age-altered biological functions. Micronutrients (zinc, copper, iron) play a pivotal role either in maintaining and reinforcing the immune and antioxidant performances or in affecting the complex network of genes (nutrigenomic approach) involved in encoding proteins for a correct inflammatory/immune response. By the other side, the genetic inter-individual variability may affec…

A micronutrient-fortified food enhances iron and selenium status of Zambian infants but has limited efficacy on zinc.

Micronutrient-fortified, cereal-based infant foods are recommended for reducing multiple micronutrient deficiencies in low-income countries, but their nutritional quality is not always optimal. In a double-blind randomized trial, we compared the efficacy of a locally produced porridge based on maize, beans, bambaranuts, and groundnuts fortified with 19 (rich) or 9 (basal) micronutrients. Infants aged 6 mo from Lusaka, Zambia were randomized to receive the richly fortified (n = 373) or basal (n = 370) porridge daily for 12 mo along with routine vitamin A supplements. Baseline and final micronut…

[Effects of vitamin A, vitamin A plus iron and multiple micronutrient-fortified seasoning powder on iron metabolic homeostasis].

OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the effect of vitamin A, vitamin A plus iron and "7 + 1" multiple micronutrient-fortified seasoning powder on iron me … ion but seldom effect on iron absorption in small intestine. The combination of vitamin A and other micronutrients might be a better intervention for the improvement of iron deficiency for preschool-children.

The role of cellular micronutrient analysis, nutraceuticals, vitamins, antioxidants and minerals in the prevention and treatment of hypertension and cardiovascular disease.

Macronutrient and micronutrient deficiencies are very common in the general population and may be even more common in patients with hypertension and cardiovascular disease due to genetic, environmental causes and prescription drug use. The Hypertension Institute in Nashville, TN, has evaluated micronutrient deficiencies and oxidation status, in a group of hypertensive versus normotensive patients. There are significant differences in numerous intracellular micronutrients and oxidation status between these two groups. Replacement of the micronutrient deficiencies, as well as high-dose therapy o…

National fortification of staple foods can make a significant contribution to micronutrient intake of South African adults.

BACKGROUND: A national survey found that micronutrient deficiencies are prevalent in South African children, particularly calcium, iron, zin … cium, iron, folate and vitamin B6 intakes were very low particularly in women. Mean intakes of most micronutrients were lower in rural areas. Fortification of maize meal and wheat flour (bread) raised mean levels of thiamine, riboflavin, niacin, vitamin B6 and folate above the recommended nutrient intakes (RNIs). In women, despite fortification, mean iron intake …

Effects of high fruit-vegetable and/or low-fat intervention on breast nipple aspirate fluid micronutrient levels.

BACKGROUND: A change in diet is known to affect micronutrient levels in blood but to what extent diet can affect micronutrient levels in the breast is not yet well established. METHODS: Healthy, premenopausal women with a family history of breast cancer were randomized across four diet arms for 1 year in a 2 x 2 factorial design study: control, low-fat, high fruit-vegetable, and combination low-fat/high fruit-vegetable diets. Subjects were asked to collect breast nipple aspirate fluid (NAF) at 0, 6, and 12 months, and levels of micronutrients were measured in the fluid. RESULTS: A total of 1…

Micronutrient deficiencies in early pregnancy are common, concurrent, and vary by season among rural Nepali pregnant women.

Pregnant women in developing countries are vulnerable to multiple micronutrient deficiencies. We investigated their prevalence and seasonal variation as part of a baseline assessment in a population-based, maternal micronutrient supplementation trial conducted in the rural Southeastern plains of Nepal. Serum concentrations of 11 micronutrients were assessed in 1165 pregnant women in the 1st trimester before supplementation. Using defined cutoff values, the prevalence of deficiencies of vitamins A, E, and D were 7, 25, and 14%, respectively. Nearly 33% of the women were deficient in riboflavin,…

Micronutrient Status and Host Defense Against Infectious Diseases: Mechanisms, Clinical Evidence, and Context-Dependent Interventions.

BACKGROUND: Micronutrients support epithelial barrier integrity, innate immune activity, adaptive immune responses, and redox regulation. However, micronutrient deficiency and supplementation do not have uniform relationships with infectious-disease risk or clinical outcomes. OBJECTIVE: This review examines the mechanisms linking micronutrient status with host defence and evaluates clinical evidence for micronutrient interventions across gastrointestinal, respiratory, systemic viral, bacterial, and parasitic infections. CONTENT: Vitamins A, C, D, and E, together with zinc, selenium, and iron…

Pediatric scurvy and eating disorders: the feasibility of a tasteless, odorless multiple-micronutrient powder for avoidance of tube feeding.

BACKGROUND: Scurvy has re-emerged in association with neurodevelopmental and eating disorders, particularly selective eating. This study aimed to investigate the clinical characteristics of pediatric scurvy cases. METHODS: We retrospectively assessed the data of pediatric patients diagnosed with scurvy at a Japanese medical institution between 2017 and 2023. Clinical characteristics, nutritional profiles, and treatment outcomes were analyzed. RESULTS: In total, 13 children, median age 52 months, had scurvy, 92% of whom had confirmed or suspected autism spectrum disorder; all were diagnosed wit

Associations between food preferences, micronutrient insufficiency, and autonomic function in adolescents with a recent history of vasovagal syncope.

AIM OF THE STUDY: This study aimed to investigate the interrelationships between food preferences, micronutrient status, and autonomic function in adolescents with vasovagal syncope (VVS), exploring how dietary behaviour may contribute to syncope susceptibility. MATERIALS AND METHODS: We enrolled 138 adolescents with VVS and 78 age-matched healthy controls (13-17 years). Clinical assessment included syncope history, Modified Calgary Syncope Score (MCSS), and 24-h Holter monitoring for heart rate variability (HRV) analysis (SDANN, RMSSD, pNN50, TP, VLF, LF, HF, and LF/HF). Fasting serum levels

Association of micronutrient levels with dementia risk in adults in Telangana, India: a cross-sectional study (2023-2024).

BACKGROUND: Dementia develops from a complex interplay of genetic and environmental factors, and nearly half of dementia globally are attributable to modifiable risk factors, including nutrition. We aim to examine the relationship between nutritional status and dementia risk factor burden, as quantified by the context-specific CAIDE score, for its applicability in India. METHODS: This community-based cross-sectional study involved middle-aged and older-adults residing in Telangana, India. The Indian-specific CAIDE score was calculated using the variables: age, gender, education, BMI, physical

Rumen epithelial functional adaptation in alpine ewes: transcriptomic effects of micronutrient premix and concentrate supplementation levels.

Ovine species inhabiting harsh environments frequently develop enhanced functional adaptations. This study aims to (1) characterize rumen epithelial modifications in lactating Hulunbeier ewes under alpine conditions, and (2) elucidate how these adaptive responses are modulated by micronutrient supplementation and varying concentrate feed levels. Thirty lactating Hulunbeier ewes were randomly assigned to one of the three dietary groups and fed the same roughages with one of the following concentrates: 1) 550 g/d of local concentrate (LF) as the control, 2) 550 g/d of formulated concentrate (FF)

Voluntary micronutrient interventions save lives: Evidence from China's free folic acid supplementation policy.

This study assesses the health impacts of a voluntary micronutrient intervention by examining China's Free Folic Acid Supplementation Program (FFASP), a nationwide policy offering free supplements to rural women planning pregnancies since 2008. Using a difference-in-differences design, we estimate that FFASP reduced infant mortality by approximately 2.8%, accounting for 11.7% of the observed narrowing in rural-urban disparities during the intervention period. A cost-benefit analysis indicates that the program averted deaths at $15,552 per life saved, a figure markedly lower than Chinese and gl

Obesity and Its Association With Micronutrient Deficiency Among Mexican Children and Adolescents: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis.

CONTEXT: Obesity and micronutrient deficiencies in the pediatric population of Mexico pose significant public health challenges. However, th … ticipants were included across the included studies, and the results were highly varied, as not all micronutrients showed a significant deficit in the presence of obesity. Calcium, phosphorus, magnesium, and vitamin E deficiencies were noted among participants with obesity; however, these did not significantly differ from those of individuals with normal weight. …

The Role of Micronutrient Deficiencies in Nutritional Anemia Beyond Iron: An Expert Perspective on the Scope and Strength of the Current Evidence.

There is a tacit assumption that the majority of nutritional anemia is caused by iron deficiency. However, several other key micronutrients are involved in iron and/or erythrocyte metabolism and thus play a role in the development of nutritional anemia. This consensus paper provides an updated review that synthesizes current evidence on the role of individual micronutrients, beyond iron, in the development of nutritional anemia and identifies emerging hypotheses and potential mechanistic links to erythropoiesis and iron metabolism involving nutrients of both established and growing interest. T…

Средиземноморская диета и достаточность питательных микроэлементов в связи с риском повторного возникновения множественных склерозов: тематическое исследование.

Множественный склероз (MS) является хроническим аутоиммунным и нейродегенеративным заболеванием, под влиянием экологических факторов, включая рацион питания. Средиземное питание (MeDi), богатое антивоспалительными и антиокислительными соединениями, а также адекватность питательных микроэлементов могут снизить риск и прогрессировать в плане НР. АИМ: Цель настоящего исследования заключается в изучении связей между Средиземноморским диетическим счётом (MDS), средним коэффициентом достаточности (MAR) и риском, связанным с НР, в рамках контроля за конкретными случаями. МЕТОДЫ: Это тематическое иссл

Совпадение в аннотации оригинала
BACKGROUND: Multiple sclerosis (MS) is a chronic autoimmune and neurodegenerative disease influenced by environmental factors, including die … d on nine dietary components, and MAR was computed as the average Nutrient Adequacy Ratio for seven micronutrients. Adjusted binary logistic regression estimated odds ratios (ORs) for MS risk across MDS and MAR tertiles. RESULTS: Higher MDS and MAR were associated with significantly reduced MS risk. Individuals in the highest MDS tertile had 47% lower odds of M …

Micronutrient deficiencies and anemia among adolescents in rural south India: A game changer for public health interventions.

Anemia remains a significant adolescent health concern with multifactorial causes. Hence, 253 adolescents were assessed for anemia using biochemical markers. Anemia was detected in 17.4% (95% CI: 6.3-28.5%) and it is more frequent among girls (20.16%) than boys (14.7%). It correlated with faith (p=0.025) but not with socio-economic status, caste, or parental education. Anemic participants had lower serum iron (p=0.001) and higher TIBC (p=0.025) suggesting iron deficiency. Ferritin was markedly lower in anemic boys compared to anemic girls. Elevated TIBC in 78.26% reinforced the prevalence of i

Impacts of Food Fortification on Micronutrient Intake and Nutritional Status of Women of Reproductive Age in Africa-A Narrative Review.

More than two-thirds of women of reproductive age (WRA) in Africa are estimated to be micronutrient deficient. This is largely due to the widespread poor dietary quality and inadequate intakes of nutrient-dense foods to meet the heightened requirements for WRA. Food fortification is a cost-effective and highly recommended food-based approach for addressing these micronutrient deficiencies in low-income settings like Africa. The strategy has been implemented at different scales within the region for over 3 decades. We conducted a review to find evidence of the impact of food fortification imple

Micronutrient and protein-energy supplementation enhance vaccine responses in undernourished children: Evidence from a systematic review.

BACKGROUND: Malnutrition impairs immune function and vaccine responses, particularly in low-income settings. This can lead to reduced seroconversion rates and compromised herd immunity in children. Nutritional interventions have been proposed to enhance vaccine immunogenicity, yet evidence remains scattered and context specific. OBJECTIVE: This systematic review assesses the impact of nutritional interventions-especially vitamin A, zinc supplementation, and protein-energy rehabilitation-on serological responses to routine childhood vaccines among malnourished children in low- and middle-incom