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Role of B cells and pathogenic autoantibodies in autoimmune CNS and PNS neurologic diseases.

B cells have an ever-increasing role in the etiopathology of a number of autoimmune neurologic disorders, acting, in addition to their autoa … autoimmune encephalitis, stiff-person syndrome spectrum disorders, chronic autoimmune neuropathies, myasthenia gravis, and inflammatory myopathies.

[Neurology : what's new in 2025].

In 2025, several major advances have marked the field of neurology. Anti-FcRN and anti-C5 antibodies have confirmed their long-term efficacy in the treatment of myasthenia gravis. Bruton tyrosine kinase inhibitors have expanded the therapeutic arsenal for multiple sclerosis. An antibody targeting α-synuclein appears to slow motor decline in early-stage Parkinson's disease. The efficacy of late thrombolysis in strokes with radiological mismatch has been confirmed. A blood biomarker facilitates early detection of Alzheimer's disease, and Swiss guidelines specify the modality for the use of anti-…

Low prevalence of inflammatory bowel disease among patients with seropositive neuromyelitis optica spectrum disorder in two large referral centers.

Patients with Neuromyelitis Optica Spectrum Disorders (NMOSD) have a well-recognized predilection to autoimmune comorbidities, of which syst … sease (MOGAD) and MS), and calculated the rates of IBD, SLE, SjS, autoimmune thyroid disorders, and myasthenia gravis (MG) in these groups. We found that 1 out of 347 NMOSD patients had a diagnosis of IBD (0.3%), and this patient was seronegative for anti-AQP4 autoantibodies, while 4/271 patients in the MS group (1.5%), 2 of whom were exposed to anti- …

C-Reactive Protein and Neurological Autoimmune Diseases: Bridging the Diagnostic and Pathogenic Gap.

C-reactive protein (CRP) has emerged as a crucial link between systemic and neuroinflammatory processes, though its role across neurological autoimmune disorders remains incompletely understood. Pathologies such as multiple sclerosis (MS), neuromyelitis optica spectrum disorder (NMOSD), Guillain-Barré syndrome (GBS), and myasthenia gravis (MG) share chronic, dysregulated inflammation resulting from loss of immune tolerance. Their pathogenesis arises from interactions among genetic susceptibility, environmental factors, and gut microbiota alterations that trigger autoreactive immune cascades th…

Case-Based Lessons on Remote Patient Monitoring in Neurology Using Consumer-Grade Wearables.

Consumer-grade wearables offer promising opportunities for remote patient monitoring (RPM) in neurological disorders, yet their clinical application remains uncertain. In this exploratory analysis, we draw on prospective observational trials using smartwatches in patients with multiple sclerosis, myasthenia gravis, chronic inflammatory demyelinating polyneuropathy, and migraine, who were monitored for 6 to 24 months. Through detailed clinical case narratives, we illustrate both the potential and the limitations of RPM in neurology. Wearable-generated data successfully captured early, clinicall…

Rethinking rituximab in neuroimmunology: Real-world efficacy, cost-effectiveness, and long-term remission.

This short communication reviews the long-term use of rituximab (RTX) in neuroimmunological disease and presents a case of chronic inflammatory demyelinating polyneuropathy (CIDP) achieving sustained remission after rituximab therapy. A 10-year retrospective review of 40 patients treated with RTX at a South African quaternary neurology unit demonstrated consistent efficacy, durable safety, and significant cost savings compared to conventional immunotherapies. In addition, a patient with refractory childhood-onset CIDP achieved complete and enduring remission following RTX administration, with

Myositis in cancer patients receiving immune checkpoint inhibitors: the ARON-MOUSEION-017 systematic review and meta-analysis.

BACKGROUND: Myositis may present as a treatment-related adverse event (TRAE) during immune checkpoint inhibitor (ICI) therapy. In the ARON-M … ositis often appears in concomitance with other immune-mediated conditions, such as myocarditis and myasthenia gravis. These events are clinically relevant, since they are often associated with more severe disease courses and unfavorable outcomes, increasing morbidity and mortality.

CAR T клеточная терапия в неврологических расстройствах, вызванных автоантибиозами: многообещающая стратегия.

Клеточная терапия химерного антигенного рецептора (CAR) Т становится перспективным подходом к неврологическим аутоиммунным расстройствам на базе клеток B, особенно тем, которые характеризуются патогенными автоантиорганизмами, направленными на ключевые нейронные структуры. Эти заболевания, включая расстройство спектрального спектра нейромиелита, миастения гравис, синдром Ламберта-Итона миастеника, болезнь, связанная с антителами MOG, энцефалит рецептора против NMDA, диацилглицирол губазы альфа антитела, ассоциируемый с энцефалитом, синдромом жесткого человека и множественным склерозом, могут бы

Совпадение в аннотации оригинала
BACKGROUND: Chimeric antigen receptor (CAR) T cell therapy is emerging as a promising approach for B cell-driven neurological autoimmune disorders, particularly those characterized by pathogenic autoantibodies that target key neural structures. These conditions, including neuromyelitis optica spectrum disorder, myasthenia gravis, Lambert-Eaton myasthenic syn…

Тип общей генетической и нейроиммунной архитектуры 1 диабет с нейрокогнитивными признаками.

Тип 1 диабет, особенно в детстве, ассоциируется с изменяющимися нейрокогнитивными признаками, однако основные биологические механизмы неясны. Здесь мы интегрируем результаты общегеномной ассоциации с одноклеточных эпигеномических профилей и показываем этот тип 1 Наследственность диабета обогащается доступным хроматином клеток мозга человека, в первую очередь микроглией, через нейроразвитие до взрослого возраста. Анализ генетической корреляции, скорректированный по методу Bonferroni, показывает отрицательную корреляцию типа 1 диабет с интеллектом, исполнительными функциями и биполярным расстрой

Совпадение в аннотации оригинала
Type 1 diabetes, particularly with childhood onset, is associated with altered neurocognitive traits, yet the underlying biological mechanis … abetes with intelligence, executive function, and bipolar disorder, and a positive correlation with myasthenia gravis. Conjunctional false discovery rate analysis identifies pleiotropic loci jointly influencing type 1 diabetes and neurocognitive traits, including the 17q21.31 neurogenomic hub. Mendelian randomization further demonstrates protective ef …

Нейро-иммунное взаимодействие, лежащее в основе аутоиммунных заболеваний: наблюдения из данных сканирования мозга.

Аутоиммунные заболевания (АВП) являются результатом сложного взаимодействия между генетическими, экологическими и иммунными факторами, при этом появляются данные, подчеркивающие роль центральной нервной системы (СНС) в их патогенезе. В этом исследовании мы использовали two- выборка менделианской случайности для систематического изучения причинно-следственных связей между 3,935 Фенотипы, полученные с помощью изображений головного мозга (ИДП) и eight АИД, включая атомный дерматит, воспалительный кишечник, волшебный эритематос, множественный склероз, миастения гравис, псориаз, ревматоидный артрит

Совпадение в аннотации оригинала
Autoimmune diseases (AIDs) result from intricate interactions among genetic, environmental and immune factors, with emerging evidence unders … , including atopic dermatitis, inflammatory bowel disease, lupus erythematosus, multiple sclerosis, myasthenia gravis, psoriasis, rheumatoid arthritis and type 1 diabetes. We identified nine IDPs with causal associations to eight representative AIDs. Mediation analysis uncovered eight potential immune cells or inflammatory factors bridging IDPs and AI …

Headache prevalence and types in multiple sclerosis and related neuroimmunological diseases: A multicenter study.

AimSeveral studies have reported a higher prevalence of migraine in patients with multiple sclerosis (MS) than in healthy controls (HCs). Th … lycoprotein antibody-associated disease (MOGAD; n = 51) or acetylcholine receptor antibody-positive myasthenia gravis (MG; n = 104), and healthy controls (HCs; n = 407). We included only participants aged 18-65 years in this study. The questionnaire responses were classified according to the International Classification of Headache Disorders, 3rd edit …

The prospects of CAR T-cell therapies in changing the therapeutic algorithm of neurologic autoimmunities.

T cells, genetically modified to express chimeric antigen receptors (CAR T), successfully used in hemato-oncologic malignancies, are showing promising and sustained benefits in refractory autoimmune neurological diseases, including Myasthenia Gravis, stiff-person syndrome, neuromyelitis optica, myositis, autoimmune neuropathies, and multiple sclerosis. Several reported patients with a steadily progressive disease and evolving disability unresponsive to available therapies, including rituximab and new biologics, after 2-3 months of treatment with CARs targeting CD19-positive, antibody-secreting…

Advances in Chimeric Antigen Receptor T Cell Therapy in Neuroimmune Diseases.

Antibody therapy is a crucial modality for the treatment of neuroimmune diseases.While it can regulate disease activity in the majority of patients,several individuals remain unresponsive to antibody therapy;additionally,the blood-brain barrier restricts the bioavailability and effectiveness of antibodies within the central nervous system.Unlike antibody therapies,emerging chimeric antigen receptor(CAR)-T cell therapies integrate the biological functions of antibodies that target specific molecules with the potent immune capabilities of T cells,resulting in enhanced therapeutic efficacy,improv

Prevalence and outcomes of co-occurring psychiatric and neurological disorders: An atlas based on umbrella review of 81 meta-analyses.

Psychiatric and neurological disorders often co-occur, complicating their assessment, management, and outcomes. No umbrella review (UR) has … pression (23.1%,95%CI=20.6-28.3), autism (11.1%,95%CI=9.8-12.1), and PTSD (7.7%,95%CI=5.2-11.2), in myasthenia gravis for anxiety (33%,95%CI=25.0-42.0 children), in multiple sclerosis for anxiety (36%,95%CI=30.0-42.0) and depression (27.01%,95%CI=22.80-31.68), in neuropathic chronic pain for depression (37.5%,95%CI=28.7-47.1) and anxiety (33.8%,95%CI= …

Chemotherapy-induced myasthenia gravis presenting as isolated bulbar palsy in a patient with WHO type B3 thymoma: A case report.

RATIONALE: Myasthenic crisis rarely manifests exclusively as isolated bulbar palsy in patients with WHO type B3 thymoma undergoing neoadjuvant chemotherapy, often leading to misdiagnosis as chemotherapy toxicity or infection. PATIENT CONCERNS: A 55-year-old man with an invasive anterior mediastinal mass developed progressive dysphagia and dysarthria 5 days after the first cycle of CAP (cyclophosphamide, doxorubicin, cisplatin) chemotherapy, raising concerns for acute neurological deterioration. DIAGNOSES: Neurological examination localized to bulbar involvement. Elevated anti-acetylcholine r…

CAR T cell therapy: Autoimmune neurological uses and neurotoxicities.

Chimeric antigen receptor T cell therapy (CAR-T) represents a growing field of cell therapy for the treatment of a range of oncological and … R-T remains promising for the treatment of refractory autoimmune neurological conditions, including myasthenia gravis, multiple sclerosis, chronic inflammatory demyelinating polyneuropathies, stiff person syndrome, and others. CAR-T use for autoimmune neurological disorders marks an exciting paradigm shift from immune suppression to immune reprogrammi …

Systemic and neurologic autoimmune disorders and antibody seropositivity associated with neurosarcoidosis.

BACKGROUND: Comorbid autoimmune disorders and non-specific antibody seropositivity have been commonly reported in prior studies of systemic … rthritis and inflammatory bowel disease) and two (2/151, 1.3%) with one other neuroimmune disorder (myasthenia gravis, multiple sclerosis). Three (3/151, 2.0%) patients were diagnosed with multiple other autoimmune disorders. A family history of autoimmunity was present in 31 (31/151, 20.5%) patients, including 12 (12/151, 8.0%) with sarcoidosis. 110 …

Causal effects of Epstein-Barr virus antibodies on autoimmune neuroinflammatory diseases: A generalised summary data-based Mendelian randomisation study.

Observational studies associate Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) with multiple sclerosis (MS), but causality across autoimmune neuroinflammatory diseases (ANDs) remains uncertain. This study aimed to assess the causal effects of 5 EBV antibodies on ANDs using Mendelian randomization (MR). Bidirectional, two-sample MR was performed using generalized summary-data-based MR (GSMR). Genetic instruments for EBV antibodies (anti-EBNA-1, VCA p18, ZEBRA, EA-D, IgG) were sourced from UK Biobank (UKB). Outcome data for ANDs (multiple sclerosis [MS], neuromyelitis optica [NMO], myasthenia gravis [MG], Guillain-Ba…

Exploring medication adherence and illness perception in patients with neuroimmune diseases: a cross-sectional study.

OBJECTIVE: Neuroimmune diseases (NIDs) including myasthenia gravis (MG), multiple sclerosis (MS), and neuromyelitis optica spectrum disorder (NMOSD) require long-term medication adherence to optimize prognosis. This study aimed to investigate factors influencing medication adherence and its association with illness perception among NIDs patients. METHODS: A cross-sectional survey was conducted at the Outpatient Department of Neurology, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, from March to August 2025. Patients with clinically diagnosed MG, MS, or NMOSD and ≥ 6 months of treatment were enroll…

Plasma Exchange as a Bridge to Recovery in Severe Pediatric Neurological Diseases in Pediatric Intensive Care.

BACKGROUND: Therapeutic plasma exchange (TPE) removes circulating pathogenic antibodies, immune complexes, cytokines, and complement compone … (n = 3), transverse myelitis (n = 3), autoimmune encephalitis (n = 3), optic neuritis (n = 1), and myasthenia gravis (n = 1). Patients received 3-7 TPE sessions. Clinical response was measured using the modified Rankin Scale (mRS) and GBS disability scores before and after treatment. RESULTS: A total of 130 sessions were performed. Clinical improvem …