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Autophagy in Myelinating Glia.

Autophagy is the cellular process involved in transportation and degradation of membrane, proteins, pathogens, and organelles. This fundamen … ng excess cytoplasm to promote myelin compaction and development of oligodendrocytes, as well as in remyelination by Schwann cells after nerve trauma. This review summarizes the cell biology of autophagy, detailing the major pathways and proteins involved, as well as the roles of autophagy in Schwann cells and oligodendrocytes in development, plasticity, and di …

DMT1 iron uptake in the PNS: bridging the gap between injury and regeneration.

Previous studies by our group demonstrated the key role of iron in Schwann cell maturation through an increase in cAMP, PKA activation and CREB phosphorylation. These studies opened the door to further research on non-transferrin-bound iron uptake, which revealed the presence of DMT1 mRNA all along SC progeny, hinting at a constitutive role of DMT1 in ensuring the provision of iron in the PNS. In light of these previous results, the present work evaluates the participation of DMT1 in the remyelination process following a demyelinating lesion promoted by sciatic nerve crush--a reversible model …

Current developments in cell- and biomaterial-based approaches for stroke repair.

INTRODUCTION: Stroke is one of the most devastating diseases and a leading cause of mortality worldwide. So far, clinical management of stroke involves surgical clot retrieval or thrombolytic treatment inducing reperfusion of the occluded vessels in the cerebral infarcted area, which is dependent on early intervention following insult. New treatment strategies involve the promotion of angiogenesis and neuroplasticity, stimulation of endogenous neurogenesis, remyelinization, and immunomodulation by means of cell transplantation and sustained drug delivery. AREAS COVERED: This review describes

Mechanisms of white matter damage in multiple sclerosis.

Glia cells are mediators as well as targets of the chronic inflammatory process in the central nervous system of multiple sclerosis (MS) patients. They are involved in the control of autoimmunity, in the propagation and termination of the inflammatory reaction, in the induction of demyelination and neurodegeneration, and in remyelination and scaring. Demyelination, as well as neuronal and GLIA cell damage are induced by different immunological mechanisms including components of the adaptive and innate immune system. Oxidative injury resulting in mitochondrial dysfunction is one important mecha…

Inflammation in neurological disorders: a help or a hindrance?

Inflammation of the central nervous system (CNS) (neuroinflammation) is now recognized to be a feature of all neurological disorders. In mul … of neuroinflammation now include neuroprotection, the mobilization of neural precursors for repair, remyelination, and even axonal regeneration. The findings that neuroinflammation can be beneficial should not be surprising as a properly directed inflammatory response in other tissues is a natural healing process after an insult. In this article, we review the …

New developments in the treatment of optic neuritis.

Acute optic neuritis (ON) has various etiologies. The most common presentation is inflammatory, demyelinating, idiopathic, or "typical" ON, … e and recovery in ON. Future therapeutic directions may include enhancing repair processes, such as remyelination or adaptive neuroplasticity, or alternative methods of immunomodulation. Pilot studies investigating the safety and proof-of-principle of stem cell treatment are currently underway.

[Visual functional changes in patients with pituitary adenoma: results of transnasal-transsphenoidal tumor removal].

The study was based on the analysis of case histories of 371 patients with pituitary adenoma who were examined and treated at the Acad. N. N … er blood supply. Functional block cessation, axonal transport recovery, and, probably, visual fiber remyelination result in positive changes in the late postoperative period.

Experimental allergic neuritis in the SJL/J mouse: induction of severe and reproducible disease with bovine peripheral nerve myelin and pertussis toxin with or without interleukin-12.

We report a reproducible model of experimental allergic neuritis (EAN) with severe clinical signs and consistent pathological features in mi … taken from mice with clinical signs of EAN during the recovery stage revealed severe demyelination, remyelination and remnants of mononuclear cell infiltration. Moderate to severe EAN can be induced in SJL/J mice by the injection of a combination of BPNM in CFA and PT. This model can provide a better understanding of mechanism of demyelination in infiltrating p …

Adoptively transferred chronic relapsing experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis in the mouse. Neuropathologic analysis.

The fine structure is described of a new model of chronic relapsing experimental allergic encephalomyelitis in the SJL/J mouse induced by th … honuclear leukocytes and extravasated material in central nervous system lesions. Remissions showed remyelination to be the major feature in the central nervous system, and clinical relapses were matched pathologically by fresh waves of inflammation and demyelination. Unusually large, apparently organized, sinusoidal collections of lymphoid cells (some of them …

Procyanidins and Bifidobacterium infantis alleviate anxiety and depression-like behavior in alcohol use disorder withdrawal mice via the gut-immune-brain axis.

BACKGROUND: Alcohol use disorder (AUD) is frequently comorbid with anxiety and depression, conditions closely tied to gut microbiota dysbios … ld restore peripheral Treg/Th17 balance, reduce systemic and central neuroinflammation, and promote remyelination in the prefrontal cortex (PFC) and hippocampus (HIP). STUDY DESIGN: An AUD withdrawal model was established using a 6-week ethanol "drinking-in-the-dark" paradigm. After withdrawal, mice received daily oral administration of procyanidins (50 mg/kg) …

Функциональный МРТ в оптическом неврите: изучение кортикальной модуляции и возможных механизмов восстановления.

Оптический неурит (ON) — воспалительный, демиелинизирующий оптический нейропат, который обычно ассоциируется с множественным склерозом. Обычно она представляет собой монокулярную зрительную потерю, при этом большинство визуальных функций восстанавливаются в течение нескольких недель. Помимо спонтанного воспоминания, считается, что адаптация мозга способствует процессу восстановления. В ходе этого обзора мы обсуждаем роль функциональных МРТ (МВМР) в качестве мощного инструмента для изучения корковых изменений, связанных с НО. Мы изучаем исследования, в которых используется целый ряд методологий

Совпадение в аннотации оригинала
Optic neuritis (ON) is an inflammatory, demyelinating optic neuropathy commonly associated with multiple sclerosis. It typically presents as monocular visual loss, with most visual functions recovering within several weeks. In addition to spontaneous remyelination, brain adaptation is thought to contribute to the recovery process. In this review, we discuss …

Стратегии защиты от нейропии в множестве склерозов: обновление статуса и формирующиеся парадигмы.

ВВЕДЕНИЕ: MS представляет собой континуум заболеваний, в котором с момента начала и с течением времени происходит злокачественное воспаление и нейродегенерация. Недавний прогресс в недостатке патобиологии MS создает новые перспективы для новых терапевтических стратегий нейрозащиты. ОБЛАСТЬ ПРИМЕНЕНИЯ: Авторы кратко рассматривают механизмы, лежащие в основе воспаления и нейродегенерации в MS, и обсуждают нынешние и формирующиеся стратегии поощрения нейрозащиты в MS. Данные были получены в значительной степени на основе обширного обзора опубликованной литературы, имеющейся на PubMed (до 5 марта

Совпадение в аннотации оригинала
INTRODUCTION: MS is a disease continuum in which maladaptive inflammation and neurodegeneration co-occur from onset and evolve over time. Re … lls, axonal mitochondrial dysfunction (axonal response of mitochondria to demyelination, ARMD), and remyelination. There is a need for adequate biomarkers that can help to monitor outcomes of target engagement. Comorbidities and aging can worsen neurodegeneration and impair neuroprotective/regenerative processes. Candidate drugs from preclinical and early clini …

Chitosan-Modified Hydrogel Microsphere Encapsulating Zinc-Doped Bioactive Glasses for Spinal Cord Injury Repair by Suppressing Inflammation and Promoting Angiogenesis.

Spinal cord injury (SCI) is a common nerve injury caused by external force, resulting in sensory and motor impairments. Previous studies dem … thermore, it facilitated vascular reconstruction, neuronal differentiation, axonal regeneration and remyelination at the injured site, and thereby promoted motor function recovery of SCI mice. The in vitro and in vivo results implied that CS-MG@Zn/BGs may be a promising alternative for the rehabilitation of SCI.

Low sulfated heparan sulfate mimetic differentially affects repair in immune-mediated and toxin-induced experimental models of demyelination.

There is an urgent need for therapies that target the multicellular pathology of central nervous system (CNS) disease. Modified, nonanticoag … ammation which was accompanied by restoration of animal weight. LS-mHep7 treatment had no effect on remyelination or on OLIG2 positive oligodendrocyte numbers within the corpus callosum in the cuprizone model. Further in vitro investigation confirmed that LS-mHep7 likely mediates its pro-repair effect in the EAE model by sequestering inflammatory cytokines, suc …

Long Noncoding RNAs in CNS Myelination and Disease.

Myelination by oligodendrocytes is crucial for neuronal survival and function, and defects in myelination or failure in myelin repair can lead to axonal degeneration and various neurological diseases. At present, the factors that promote myelination and overcome the remyelination block in demyelinating diseases are poorly defined. Although the roles of protein-coding genes in oligodendrocyte differentiation have been extensively studied, the majority of the mammalian genome is transcribed into noncoding RNAs, and the functions of these molecules in myelination are poorly characterized. Long no…

MyelTracer: A Semi-Automated Software for Myelin g-Ratio Quantification.

In the central and peripheral nervous systems, the myelin sheath promotes neuronal signal transduction. The thickness of the myelin sheath c … using MyelTracer produces consistent results across multiple tissues and animal ages, as well as in remyelination after optic nerve crush, and reduces total quantification time by 40-60%. With g-ratio measurements via MyelTracer, a known hypomyelination phenotype can be detected in a Williams syndrome mouse model. MyelTracer is easy to use and freely available …

HSV-1 and Endogenous Retroviruses as Risk Factors in Demyelination.

Herpes simplex virus type 1 (HSV-1) is a neurotropic alphaherpesvirus that can infect the peripheral and central nervous systems, and it has … nd one of them, HSV-1, might act as a risk factor by mediating processes such as molecular mimicry, remyelination, and activity of endogenous retroviruses (ERVs). Several herpesviruses have been involved in the regulation of human ERVs (HERVs), and HSV-1 in particular can modulate HERVs in cells involved in MS pathogenesis. This review exposes current knowledge …

Androgen Therapy in Neurodegenerative Diseases.

Neurodegenerative diseases, including Alzheimer disease (AD), Parkinson disease (PD), multiple sclerosis (MS), amyotrophic lateral sclerosis … ation, amyloid-β deposition, and cognitive impairment in patients with AD. As well, improvements in remyelination in MS have been reported; by comparison, only variable results are observed in androgen treatment of PD. In ALS, androgen administration stimulated motoneuron recovery from progressive damage and regenerated both axons and dendrites. Only a few clin …

Diverse Gene Expressions in the Prediction of Cuprizone-Induced Demyelination.

Myelin abnormalities, oligodendrocyte damage, and concomitant glia activation are common characteristics of demyelinating diseases of the ce … ng that the differences in gene expression in vivo could serve as potential therapeutic targets for remyelination.

Optical Coherence Tomography in Multiple Sclerosis.

Optical coherence tomography (OCT) grew out of a convergence of rapid advancements in femtoseconds optics research and fiber optic commercia … uch as multiple sclerosis (MS) and neuromyelitis optica, and has provided ideal outcome measures in remyelination and neuroprotection trials.