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Perception and reality: assessing the accuracy of self-assessed dysphonia and dysphagia risk in people with cardiovascular disease.

BACKGROUND/OBJECTIVES: Cardiovascular disease (CVD) is a chronic condition influenced by aging and lifestyle, and its effects extend to systems involved in voice and swallowing. Age-related changes in these functions are common, and when worsened by CVD, they can lead to isolation, malnutrition, and complications such as aspiration pneumonia. This study investigated how individuals with CVD perceive their risk of dysphonia and dysphagia compared with clinician-administered screening-based assessments. METHODS: Seventy-three participants (mean age 65.2 years; 86.3% male) completed structured s

Caries Risk Assessment by Dental Students and Dentists in the Netherlands: A Survey Study to Assess Knowledge and Implementation.

INTRODUCTION: To prevent caries with targeted strategies and to act conservatively, it is essential oral healthcare providers perform an individual caries risk assessment (CRA). This study aimed to explore knowledge and application regarding CRA by Dutch fifth-year dental students (D5DSs) and practitioners (DDPs). METHODS: A survey was conducted through a questionnaire sent at random to a group of 1,500 members of the Royal Dutch Dental Association (KNMT) and to 213 D5DSs from all three dental schools in the Netherlands. RESULTS: Of the 374 DDP respondents (25%), 79% reported to perform CRA …

Phototoxic Risk Assessments on Benzophenone Derivatives: Photobiochemical Assessments and Dermal Cassette-Dosing Pharmacokinetic Study.

This study aimed to qualify photosafety screening on the basis of photochemical and pharmacokinetic (PK) data on dermally applied chemicals. Six benzophenone derivatives (BZPs) were selected as model compounds, and in vitro photochemical/phototoxic characterization and dermal cassette-dosing PK study were carried out. For comparison, an in vivo phototoxicity test was also conducted. All of the BZPs exhibited strong UVA/UVB absorption with molar extinction coefficients of over 2000 M(-1) × cm(-1), and benzophenone and ketoprofen exhibited significant reactive oxygen species (ROS) generation upo

Assessment of climate-coccidioidomycosis model: model sensitivity for assessing climatologic effects on the risk of acquiring coccidioidomycosis.

Understanding the predictive relationships between climate variability and coccidioidomycosis is of great importance for the development of an effective public health decision-support system. Preliminary regression-based climate modeling studies have shown that about 80% of the variance in seasonal coccidioidomycosis incidence for southern Arizona can be explained by precipitation and dust-related climate scenarios prior to and concurrent with outbreaks. In earlier studies, precipitation during the normally arid foresummer 1.5-2 years prior to the season of exposure was found to be the dominan

AI-enhanced routine CT for opportunistic osteoporosis screening and risk assessment.

Osteoporosis-related fractures create a large and often preventable burden, yet many individuals undergoing CT for unrelated care do not receive skeletal assessment. This review evaluates artificial intelligence (AI)-enabled use of routine CT for opportunistic case-finding and risk assessment, with emphasis on the boundary between promising retrospective performance and safe clinical implementation. Automated vertebral segmentation and CT-derived bone-density estimation can reduce manual workload, and published diagnostic studies report high discrimination in selected cohorts. However, pooled …

Exploring User Perspectives on a Digital Preconception Care Risk Assessment Tool.

Preconception care is considered essential for raising early awareness of health risks among women planning pregnancy, optimizing lifestyle factors, preventing potential perinatal complications, and supporting informed decision-making to improve both maternal and child health outcomes. The target group for preconception care is diverse, including women and men with varying backgrounds and health literacy levels. The digital tool ZwangerWijzer (Preparing for Pregnancy) has been validated and is designed to identify preconception risk factors while providing tailored information on topics such a

Malignancy in toxic thyroid adenoma: Revisiting risk assessment and identifying predictors.

BACKGROUND: Toxic adenomas have traditionally been considered benign due to chronic TSH suppression, which is believed to inhibit thyroid tu … tures warrant closer evaluation. These findings support using ultrasound and biochemical markers in risk assessment of all thyroid nodules, regardless of functional status.

Artificial intelligence for risk assessment and outcome prediction in malignant haematology.

Risk stratification is the backbone of clinical decision-making for patients with haematological malignancies. Models currently used in routine clinical practice often rely on static rules, conventional statistics and expert consensus. While pragmatic and accessible, these models fail to capture the complex biological interactions and patient heterogeneity, especially as data dimensionality grows given the availability of more comprehensive molecular analysis. Artificial intelligence (AI), particularly machine learning (ML), offers the potential to process such high-dimensional data, uncover l

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… Artificial intelligence for risk assessment and outcome prediction in malignant haematology. Br J Haematol. 2026;208(1):25–38. 10.1111/bjh.70231 DATA AVAILABILITY STATEMENT Data sharing not applicable to this article as no datasets were generated or analysed during the current study. …

Commodity risk assessment of Robinia pseudoacacia plants from the United Kingdom.

The European Commission requested the EFSA Panel on Plant Health (PLH) to prepare and deliver risk assessments for commodities listed in Commission Implementing Regulation (EU) 2018/2019 as 'High risk plants, plant products and other objects'. This Scientific Opinion covers plant health risks posed by rooted plants in pots of Robinia pseudoacacia 'Frisia' imported from the United Kingdom (UK). The assessment was performed considering the available scientific information, including the technical information provided by the UK. All pests potentially associated with the commodity were evaluated a…

Characterization and risk assessment of ambient VOCs in Qingyang city, China.

INTRODUCTION: Atmospheric volatile organic compounds (VOCs) are critical pollutants that significantly affect urban air quality and drive ph … ted. Principal Component Analysis (PCA) was applied to identify VOC sources. Additionally, a health risk assessment was conducted to identify key pollutants posing non-carcinogenic risks. RESULTS: The results showed that the average volume fraction of total volatile organic compounds (TVOCs) in the atmosphere of the study city was 47.94 ± 23.04 ppbv, with a tota …

Genetic testing in kidney transplantation and living kidney donor risk assessment.

INTRODUCTION: The cause of kidney failure in kidney transplant recipients remains unknown in 20-45% of cases. Outcomes for living kidney donors (LKDs) are generally excellent, with only 8% experiencing complications post-donation. Here, we hypothesize that genetic testing could identify a genetic etiology in at least 20% of recipients and inform risk stratification in LKDs. METHODS: Genetic testing was performed in 231 transplant recipients and 46 prospective LKDs by means of exome sequencing of 409 chronic kidney disease (CKD)-associated genes. We also assessed 122 retrospective LKDs who dev

Integrating Conventional and Emerging Approaches in Cardiovascular Risk Assessment and Management.

Cardiovascular diseases (CVDs) remain the leading cause of global mortality, and the burden is rising fastest in low- and middle-income coun … or routine implementation, and proposes a stepwise pathway for integrating them into cardiovascular risk assessment. Particular attention is given to feasibility in resource-constrained health systems, where most of the global CVD burden now falls. We conclude that the near-term public health gain lies less in broad adoption of novel tests than in their selective …

Predicting recurrence risk of Leigh syndrome using prenatal mtDNA heteroplasmy assessment.

Predicting recurrence risk for mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) disorders is challenging because heteroplasmy levels can shift during development. We examined whether prenatal heteroplasmy measurements predict postnatal outcomes for the pathogenic m.13513G > A variant associated with Leigh syndrome. In a longitudinal family-based study involving three naturally conceived pregnancies, mtDNA heteroplasmy was assessed by chorionic villus sampling at 10-12 weeks of gestation and, when available, amniocentesis at 16 weeks, with follow-up in neonatal and postnatal tissues. Prenatal heteroplasmy levels belo

Enhancing HACCP Decisions: A Comparative Risk Assessment for Table Olive Processing.

Table olive processing comprises multiple stages in which physical, chemical, and biological hazards may occur. Although risk assessment is a core element of Hazard Analysis and Critical Control Points (HACCP) systems, the selection of assessment tools remains insufficiently standardized. This study compared a 4 × 4 risk matrix and Failure Mode and Effects Analysis (FMEA) for hazard evaluation in Spanish-style and Californian-style table olive processing. Hazards were assessed across 41 processing stages for Spanish-style olives and selected key stages for Californian-style olives using probab…

Management of type II endoleak after EVAR: Risk assessment and surveillance.

BACKGROUND: Type II endoleak (T2EL) is the most frequently reported complication following endovascular aneurysm repair (EVAR). Although generally considered benign and often self-limiting, spontaneous resolution does not always occur, and secondary intervention may be required. In this study, morphological and morphovolumetric parameters were compared between patients who developed T2EL and those without endoleak, in order to identify predictors of T2EL development in the pre-EVAR period. Additionally, our experience in the management of T2EL was reviewed in the context of the existing litera

Risk Assessment in MASLD and MetALD: Current Approaches and Future Directions.

Metabolic dysfunction-associated steatotic liver disease (MASLD) and metabolic dysfunction and alcohol-related liver disease (MetALD) exist on a continuous spectrum in which fibrosis stage remains the dominant predictor of liver‑related complications. Contemporary non‑invasive risk stratification uses simple serum scores (e.g., Fibrosis‑4 index [FIB‑4]) as a first step, followed by vibration‑controlled transient elastography (VCTE) or liver‑specific blood tests (enhanced liver fibrosis [ELF], procollagen III N‑terminal propeptide [PRO‑C3]) to refine risk and triage referrals. Magnetic resonanc

Geriatric Assessment and Risk Prediction of Severe Complications in Glaucoma Surgery.

PRCIS: Geriatric assessment scores, including Mini-Cog, G8, and age-adjusted Charlson Comorbidity Index, improve the prediction of severe hemorrhagic complications after glaucoma surgery, enabling more individualized risk stratification in glaucoma patients. PURPOSE: To investigate the associations between various postoperative complications and background factors-including geriatric assessment (GA) scores-and to evaluate the predictive value of GA-based risk stratification for severe hemorrhagic complications following glaucoma surgery. SUBJECTS AND METHODS: Retrospective observational case