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… discharges from abdominal wounds, or for packing off abdominal viscera to improve exposure during surgery. communal p. metacarpal pad. fat p. a pad of fat lying within a joint, covered with synovial membrane and thought to assist in the spreading of synovial lubricant, e.g., infrapatellar fat pad of stifle …

Unlocking hidden potential: advancements, approaches, and obstacles in repurposing drugs for cancer therapy.

High rates of failure, exorbitant costs, and the sluggish pace of new drug discovery and development have led to a growing interest in repurposing "old" drugs to treat both common and rare diseases, particularly cancer. Cancer, a complex and heterogeneous disease, often necessitates a combination of different treatment modalities to achieve optimal outcomes. The intrinsic polygenicity of cancer, intricate biological signalling networks, and feedback loops make the inhibition of a single target frequently insufficient for achieving the desired therapeutic impact. As a result, addressing these c

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… Expensive cancer drugs are a burden on society in two ways: they impose high costs on those funding treatment (patients/insurance/state), and they stifle the development of equally effective but more affordable alternatives. …

Design characteristics, risk of bias, and reporting of randomised controlled trials supporting approvals of cancer drugs by European Medicines Agency, 2014-16: cross sectional analysis.

ObjectiveTo examine the design characteristics, risk of bias, and reporting adequacy of pivotal randomised controlled trials of cancer drugs approved by the European Medicines Agency (EMA).DesignCross sectional analysis.SettingEuropean regulatory documents, clinical trial registry records, protocols, journal publications, and supplementary appendices.Eligibility criteriaPivotal randomised controlled trials of new cancer drugs approved by the EMA between 2014 and 2016.Main outcome measuresStudy design characteristics (randomisation, comparators, and endpoints); risk of bias using the revised Co

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… Unintended consequences of expensive cancer therapeutics—the pursuit of marginal indications and a me-too mentality that stifles innovation and creativity: the John Conley Lecture. JAMA Otolaryngol Head Neck Surg 2014;140:1225-36. 10.1001/jamaoto.2014.1570 9. Kumar H, Fojo T, Mailankody S. …

Current Management and the New Paradigm for ALK+ NSCLC After CROWN.

The 7-year update of the phase 3 CROWN study is the most impressive milestone in anaplastic lymphoma kinase (ALK)+ non-small-cell lung cancer (NSCLC) since the discovery of the oncogene 20 years ago and inaugurates an entire new paradigm. The progression-free survival (PFS) plateau at a high level > 50%, with an estimated very low annual progression rate < 2% after the third year, suggests that lorlatinib can inactivate the disease in most patients. The complete abrogation of on-target resistance abolishes ALK tyrosine kinase inhibitor (TKI) sequencing and will seriously impact future drug dev

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… By achieving even deeper ALK suppression, this combination could hopefully stifle the small residual “leak” of acquired resistance observed after the third year in CROWN and facilitate total deactivation of ALK+ NSCLC in the late phase ( Figure 2 ). …

Emerging Frontiers in Colorectal Cancer Therapy: From Targeted Molecules to Immunomodulatory Breakthroughs and Cell-Based Approaches.

Colorectal cancer (CRC) is ranked as the second leading cause of cancer-related deaths globally, necessitating urgent advancements in therapeutic approaches. The emergence of groundbreaking therapies, including chimeric antigen receptor-T (CAR-T) cell therapies, oncolytic viruses, and immune checkpoint inhibitors, marks a transformative era in oncology. These innovative modalities, tailored to individual genetic and molecular profiles, hold the promise of significantly enhancing patient outcomes. This comprehensive review explores the latest clinical trials and advancements, encompassing targe

Emergency Care

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What are the attitudes of health professionals regarding patient reported outcome measures (PROMs) in oncology practice? A mixed-method synthesis of the qualitative evidence.

BackgroundThe adoption of Patient Reported Outcome Measures (PROMs) in cancer care has been widely advocated, but little is known about the evidence for the implementation of PROMs in practice. Qualitative research captures the perspectives of health professionals as end-users of PROMs and can be used to inform adoption efforts. This paper presents a systematic review and synthesis of qualitative research conducted to address the question: What are the attitudes of health professionals towards PROMs in oncology, including any barriers and facilitators to the adoption of PROMS, reported in qual

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… In contrast, other studies raised the possibility that the use of PROMs might actually stifle rapport-building and diminish the “human touch” within the interaction [ 28 , 30 , 31 , 33 , 35 , 37 , 54 , 58 ]. …

Osteosarcoma of the appendicular skeleton in dogs: consensus and guidelines.

Osteosarcoma (OSA) in dogs poses a clinical challenge to veterinary practitioners across the globe. As knowledge evolves, so too do clinical practices. However, there remain uncertainties and controversies. There is value for the veterinary community at large in the generation of a contemporary wide-ranging guideline document. The aim of this project was therefore to assimilate the available published knowledge into a single accessible referenced resource and to provide expert clinical guidance to support professional colleagues as they navigate current OSA challenges and controversies. Primar

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… In the hind limb with tumors distal to the stifle, amputation in the proximal femoral third or by disarticulation in the hip joint can be performed. In tumors arising from the distal femur, the level of amputation should be the hip joint. …

Alternative Cancer Therapeutics: Unpatentable Compounds and Their Potential in Oncology.

Cancer remains a leading cause of death globally. Cancer patients often seek alternative therapies in addition to, or instead of, conventional treatments like chemotherapy, radiation, and surgery. The progress in medical advancements and early detection provides more treatment options; however, the development of cancer drugs requires a significant amount of time, demands substantial investments, and results in an overall low percent of regulatory approval. The complex relationship between patent protection and pharmaceutical innovation complicates cancer drug development and contributes to hi

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… The reliance on patents as a primary incentive for innovation does foster a degree of progress, yet it also creates barriers that can stifle broader research endeavors and inflate healthcare costs, thereby limiting the overall accessibility of essential medical treatments. …

C

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… calf [ kaf ] 1. bovine young less than 1 year old. 2. young of other species including elephant, larger deer, e.g., red, Japanese sika, wapiti, elk, moose, reindeer, and also pinnipeds and cetaceans. 3. in dogs, refers to the region of the hindlimb between the stifle and the hock. bull c. male intact …

Precision Reprogramming in CAR-T Cell Therapy: Innovations, Challenges, and Future Directions of Advanced Gene Editing.

Chimeric antigen receptor (CAR)-T cell therapy represents a breakthrough in cancer immunotherapy, demonstrating impressive clinical outcomes, particularly for hematologic malignancies. However, its broader therapeutic application, especially against solid tumors, remains limited. Key challenges include T cell exhaustion, limited persistence, cytokine-mediated toxicities, and logistical hurdles associated with manufacturing autologous products. Emerging gene editing technologies, such as CRISPR/Cas systems, base editing, and prime editing, offer novel approaches to optimize CAR-T cells, aiming

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… Identification of MYC as an antinecroptotic protein that stifles RIPK1-RIPK3 complex formation. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 2020;117:19982–93. doi: 10.1073/pnas.2000979117. 82. Ramos A, Koch CE, Liu-Lupo Y, Hellinger RD, Kyung T, Abbott KL. et al. …

Integumentary System

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A Review on Curability of Cancers: More Efforts for Novel Therapeutic Options Are Needed.

Cancer remains a major cause of death globally. Given its relapsing and fatal features, curing cancer seems to be something hardly possible for the majority of patients. In view of the development in cancer therapies, this article summarizes currently available cancer therapeutics and cure potential by cancer type and stage at diagnosis, based on literature and database reviews. Currently common cancer therapeutics include surgery, chemotherapy, radiotherapy, targeted therapy, and immunotherapy. However, treatment with curative intent by these methods are mainly eligible for patients with loca

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… Unintended consequences of expensive cancer therapeutics-the pursuit of marginal indications and a me-too mentality that stifles innovation and creativity: The John Conley Lecture JAMA Otolaryngol. Head Neck Surg. 2014 140 1225 1236 10.1001/jamaoto.2014.1570 25068501 217. Hiom S.C. …

Cellular senescence-from solid organs to vascularized composite allotransplants.

Vascularized composite allotransplantation (VCA) has emerged as a novel therapy approach to restore form and function in patients with severe tissue defects of the face, hand, and abdominal wall, among other anatomical regions. The composite allografts comprise different tissues such as skin, muscle, or bone. Clinical data demonstrate promising mid- and long-term outcomes following VCA surgery, but our understanding of the cellular interactions and molecular pathways in VCA surgery is oftentimes deduced from solid organ transplantation (SOT). In SOT, the concept of cellular senescence has grow

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… The suppression of neurotrophic pathways by JAK/STAT contrasts with the pro-regenerative nature of NGF and BDNF, illustrating how senescence-driven mechanisms simultaneously stifle repair while maintaining inflammatory and fibrotic states [ 180 ]. …

Skeletal muscle dysfunction induced by cancer immunotherapy: mechanistics insights and surgical implications.

Cancer immunotherapy has revolutionized cancer treatment, yet its effects extend far beyond tumor eradication. Accumulating evidence indicates that immunotherapy-associated skeletal muscle dysfunction represents a complex, cross-organ pathological process driven by dynamic crosstalk between the tumor microenvironment and peripheral tissues. Rather than an isolated adverse event, muscle injury emerges from integrated mechanisms including inflammatory cytokine spillover, aberrant immune cell infiltration, metabolic reprogramming, vascular dysfunction, and impaired regenerative signaling. Central

The crosstalk between non-coding RNAs and oxidative stress in cancer progression.

As living standards elevate, cancers are appearing in growing numbers among younger individuals globally and these risks escalate with advancing years. One of the reasons is that instability in the cancer genome reduces the effectiveness of conventional drug treatments and chemotherapy, compared with more targeted therapies. Previous research has discovered non-coding RNAs' crucial role in shaping genetic networks involved in cancer cell growth and invasion through their influence on messenger RNA production or protein binding. Additionally, the interaction between non-coding RNAs and oxidativ

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… Linoleic acid affects mitochondrial biogenesis through ROS-induced miR-494 expression and inhibition of its target genes MYCC and Pgc-1α, leading to reduced energy production and quiescence in colorectal cancer. 193 Administration of astragalin's cytotoxic properties to hepatocellular carcinoma cells stifled …

PIWI-interacting RNAs (PiRNAs) as emerging biomarkers and therapeutic targets in biliary tract cancers: A comprehensive review.

Cancers affecting the biliary tract, such as gallbladder cancer and cholangiocarcinoma, make up a small percentage of adult gastrointestinal malignancies, but their incidence is on the rise. Due to the lack of dependable molecular biomarkers for diagnosis and prognosis, these cancers are often not detected until later stages and have limited treatment options. Piwi-interacting RNAs (piRNAs) are a type of small noncoding RNA that interacts with Piwi proteins and has been linked to various diseases, especially cancer. Manipulation of piRNA expression has the potential to serve as an important bi

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… They have the ability to stifle cell proliferation, facilitate apoptosis induction, impede the formation of colonies, diminish migration and invasion capacities, and halt cell cycle progression [ 137 ]. …

Neurology

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2022 International Cancer Education Conference Late-Breaking Abstracts

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Сердечно-сосудистые заболевания

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