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Multimodal Human Scalp Atlas Defines Cell Landscape and Lineage Architecture In Situ.

Human scalp hair has an extraordinary ability to grow continuously for years while maintaining structural and functional integrity. However, … an-specific principles of tissue organization and previously unrecognized features of hair follicle architecture and lineage progression. We validate key aspects of matrix cell organization and cell activities using live imaging, connecting molecularly defined cell states to dynamic cell behaviors and lineage progression in the matrix. Leveraging the atlas as …

Deciphering chromatin architecture and dynamics in Plasmodium falciparum using the nucDetective pipeline.

High-resolution analysis of cellular chromatin structure is crucial for uncovering developmental and cell-type-specific regulatory networks. … nucleosome and upstream nucleosome-depleted region, reveal a complete canonical eukaryotic promoter architecture in Pf. The global mean nucleosome repeat length varies from 176 bp to 185 bp depending on the developmental stage. Stage specific changes in nucleosome positioning occur locally in intergenic regulatory regions, which are characterized by specific h …

New insights into the complex genetic architecture of age-related hearing loss.

Age-related hearing loss (ARHL), or presbycusis, is a very common sensory disorder resulting from cumulative exposure to environmental facto … lygenic, environmental, and epigenetic data will be essential for understanding the complex genetic architecture of ARHL and for developing future personalized therapeutic interventions.

Тип общей генетической и нейроиммунной архитектуры 1 диабет с нейрокогнитивными признаками.

Тип 1 диабет, особенно в детстве, ассоциируется с изменяющимися нейрокогнитивными признаками, однако основные биологические механизмы неясны. Здесь мы интегрируем результаты общегеномной ассоциации с одноклеточных эпигеномических профилей и показываем этот тип 1 Наследственность диабета обогащается доступным хроматином клеток мозга человека, в первую очередь микроглией, через нейроразвитие до взрослого возраста. Анализ генетической корреляции, скорректированный по методу Bonferroni, показывает отрицательную корреляцию типа 1 диабет с интеллектом, исполнительными функциями и биполярным расстрой

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… In this study, we systematically investigate the shared genetic and cellular architecture between T1D and neurocognitive traits. … In summary, this study provides genomic evidence that T1D is embedded within a broader neurocognitive and neuroimmune architecture. …

Spatial ecotype in tumor immune exclusion: from spatial architecture to therapeutic strategies.

The tumor microenvironment (TME) exhibits widespread immunophenotypic heterogeneity. Based on the spatial immune contexture, tumor immune pr … spatial omics technologies and analytical tools have enabled the dissection of the complex spatial architecture of immune-excluded tumors. In this review, we describe recent insights into the core cellular subsets and spatial interaction networks of immune-excluded tumors, incorporating the spatial immune contexture, to provide new theoretical foundations and …

Optimizing deep learning models for on-orbit deployment through neural architecture search.

Advancements in spaceborne edge computing have facilitated the incorporation of Artificial Intelligence (AI)-powered chips into CubeSats, enabling intelligent data handling and enhanced analytical capabilities with greater operational autonomy. This class of satellites faces stringent energy and memory constraints, necessitating lightweight models typically obtained via compression techniques. This paper addresses model compression through Neural Architecture Search (NAS), enabling computational efficiency and balancing accuracy, size, and latency. More specifically, we design an evolutionary-…

Tissue Architecture Modulates Compositional and Structural Properties of Corneal Myofibroblast-Derived Matrix.

PURPOSE: To develop an in vitro model that mimics aspects of corneal healing in humans for uncovering key mechanisms involved in the mechanisms involved in the healing and scarring processes. METHODS: As part of the healing matrix, TGF-β1-induced and corneal-derived myofibroblasts were cultured in fibrin hydrogels with configurations that recapitulate the healthy (aligned) and wounded (random) microenvironment of the cornea. RESULTS: Evaluation of cellular alpha smooth muscle actin (α-SMA) and collagen hybridizing peptide (CHP) showed cell and matrix alignment, respectively. The aligned comp

BMI, Sleep Architecture, and Glucose Metabolism: Insights From the Baependi Heart Study.

OBJECTIVE: To examine whether (1) sleep architecture is associated with BMI groups in the absence of sleep apnea and (2) BMI group modified associations between sleep architecture and markers of glucose metabolism. METHODS: The Baependi Heart Study (BHS) is a family-based observational study of adults that assessed sleep using at-home polysomnography (PSG) and collected anthropometric and fasting blood measures. BMI was classified into: 18.5 to < 25, 25 to < 30, and ≥ 30 kg/m2. People with moderate-severe sleep apnea and taking diabetes-related medication were excluded. Cross-sectional associ…

Induced variation in BRASSINOSTEROID INSENSITIVE 1 (BRI1) confers a compact wheat architecture.

BACKGROUND: The brassinosteroid (BR) plant hormones regulate numerous developmental processes, including those determining stem height, leaf angle, and grain size that have agronomic relevance in cereals. Indeed, barley (Hordeum vulgare) varieties containing uzu alleles that impair BR perception through mutations in the BR receptor BRASSINOSTEROID INSENSITIVE 1 (BRI1) exhibit a semi-dwarf growth habit and more upright leaves suitable for high-density planting. We used forward and reverse genetic approaches to develop novel BRI1 alleles in wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) and investigated their pot

Meningeal lymphatic architecture and drainage dynamics surrounding the human middle meningeal artery.

The anatomical basis of cerebrospinal and interstitial fluid clearance along the human ventral meninges remains poorly defined. Here, we pre … ed outflow zone in the human ventral dura and support the presence of organized meningeal lymphatic architecture beyond dorsal compartments. This integrated human framework motivates future mechanistic studies into the role of ventral lymphatics in brain fluid clearance and neuroimmune regulation.

EdgeCaseDNet: An enhanced detection architecture for edge case perception in autonomous driving.

Autonomous driving perception systems still encounter significant challenges in edge scenarios involving multi-scale target changes and adverse weather, which seriously compromise detection reliability. To address this issue, we introduce a novel edge case dataset that extends existing benchmarks by capturing extreme road conditions (fog, rain, snow, nighttime et al.) with precise annotations, and develop EdgeCaseDNet as an optimized object-detection framework. EdgeCaseDNet's architecture extends YOLOv8 through four synergistic innovations: (1) a Haar_HGNetv2 backbone that enables hierarchical…

Characterizing spatial immune architecture in metastatic melanoma using high-dimensional multiplex imaging.

INTRODUCTION: Immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs) have significantly improved survival for patients with metastatic melanoma, yet many experienceresistance due to immunosuppressive mechanisms within the tumor immune microenvironment (TIME). Understanding how the spatial architecture of immune and inflammatory components changes across disease stages may reveal novel prognostic biomarkers and therapeutic targets. METHODS: We performed high-dimensional spatial profiling of two melanoma tissue microarrays (TMAs), representing Stage III (n = 157) and Stage IV (n = 248) metastatic tumors. Using im…

Adaptive Smart Materials in Architecture: Enhancing Durability and Sustainability in Modern Construction.

Adaptive materials in civil construction offer superior performance and high potential for 4D printing integration. Smart materials exhibit rapid response times, precise sensor applications, and real-time durability monitoring, with phase-changing materials improving thermal efficiency by 30% and self-sensing concrete detecting microstrains as low as 10 με. These materials enhance fracture toughness (50% increase), corrosion resistance (40% improvement), and fire stability (up to 1200 °C). Smart bricks incorporate phase-change materials, glazing systems, and recyclable composites, with some em

Exome analyses unravel the genetic architecture of Mendelian dominant nonsyndromic orofacial clefts.

Nonsyndromic orofacial clefts (NSOFC) represents a prevalent congenital anomalies, the etiology of which likely involves a complex interplay between genetic and environmental factors. To elucidate potential pathogenic variants, exome sequencing (ES) was conducted on 123 Chinese pedigrees demonstrating Mendelian dominant inheritance of NSOFC, including 251 patients and 130 unaffected relatives. This was followed by a standardized process of variant screening and filtering to identify novel variants within established candidate genes associated with clefting phenotypes. The study unveiled rare p

Sleep fragmentation intensifies sleep architecture disruption and fatigue after traumatic brain injury.

Sleep/wake disturbances (SWDs) are common following traumatic brain injury (TBI) and can have deleterious impacts on recovery. Regulation of the time spent in non-rapid eye movement sleep (NREMS) and rapid eye movement sleep (REMS) is a complex process that is influenced by both biological and environmental factors. We hypothesize that extrinsic factors such as environmental stimuli amplify SWDs after brain injury. Here, we examine the acute, sub-acute, and chronic effects of TBI with and without mechanical sleep fragmentation (SF) on sleep/wake time-in-state and architecture in established mo…

Tailoring Architecture and Properties of Biodegradable Aliphatic-Aromatic Copolyesters via Interfacial Polymerization.

Aliphatic-aromatic copolyesters (AAPEs) are widely used in biodegradable packaging due to their balance of thermal stability and enzymatic degradability. However, their synthesis is often hindered by time-consuming protocols, prolonged reactions, and reliance on expensive metal catalysts. Herein, we introduce stirred interfacial polymerization as a rapid, open-air method to synthesize poly(p-phenylene adipate-co-terephthalate) (PPAT) with tunable aliphaticity. We compare the use of chloroform, a conventional organic solvent for interfacial polymerization, with ethyl acetate, a more environment

Contributions of Muscle Architecture and Tissue Properties to Knee Extensor Force Production.

Hirono, T, Murota, N, Tanaka, H, Yagi, M, Wang, Z, Mukai, H, Itsuda, H, and Ichihashi, N. Contributions of muscle architecture and tissue properties to knee extensor force production. J Strength Cond Res 39(12): e1371-e1379, 2025-Muscular characteristics, such as muscle size, fascicle length and angle, connective tissue within the muscle, and stiffness, are related to muscle force. This study aimed to investigate the contributions of these factors for isometric contraction strength in the quadriceps muscles using multivariate analyses. Maximal voluntary isometric strength of the quadriceps at …

DualSwinUnet++: An enhanced Swin-Unet architecture with dual decoders for PTMC segmentation.

Precise segmentation of papillary thyroid microcarcinoma (PTMC) during ultrasound-guided radiofrequency ablation (RFA) is critical for effective treatment but remains challenging due to acoustic artifacts, small lesion size, and anatomical variability. In this study, we propose DualSwinUnet++, a dual-decoder transformer-based architecture designed to enhance PTMC segmentation by incorporating thyroid gland context. DualSwinUnet++ employs independent linear projection heads for each decoder and a residual information flow mechanism that passes intermediate features from the first (thyroid) deco…

Genomic Structural Equation Modelling Reveals the Shared Genetic Architecture for Oral Frailty.

PURPOSE: Oral frailty, an age-related decline in oral function and health linked to adverse geriatric outcomes, involves multiple phenotypes. Chronic periodontitis, a key inflammatory driver of tooth loss and systemic disease, is a cornerstone of this syndrome, yet the shared genetic architecture connecting it to other oral conditions remains uncharacterised. METHODS AND MATERIALS: We employed genomic structural equation modelling (genomic SEM) to integrate genome-wide association studies (GWAS) summary statistics from five oral frailty-related phenotypes, defining a common latent factor refl…

Attention-enhanced architecture for improved pneumonia detection in chest X-ray images.

In this paper, we propose an attention-enhanced architecture for improved pneumonia detection in chest X-ray images. A unique attention mechanism is integrated with ResNet to highlight salient features crucial for pneumonia detection. Rigorous evaluation demonstrates that our attention mechanism significantly enhances pneumonia detection accuracy, achieving a satisfactory result of 96% accuracy. To address the issue of imbalanced training samples, we integrate an enhanced focal loss into our architecture. This approach assigns higher weights to minority classes during training, effectively mit…