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Hemorrhagic cystitis induced by JC polyomavirus infection following COVID-19: a case report.

JC polyomavirus (JCPyV) is a human polyomavirus that can establish lifelong persistent infection in the majority of adults. It is typically asymptomatic in immunocompetent individuals. However, there is a risk of developing progressive multifocal leukoencephalopathy (PML) in immunocompromised or immunosuppressed patients. Though JCPyV commonly resides in the kidney-urinary tract, its involvement in urinary system diseases is extremely rare. Here, we reported a case of a 60-year-old male patient with coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) infection who developed hemorrhagic cystitis after receivin

Radiological abnormalities in progressive multifocal leukoencephalopathy: Identifying typical and atypical imaging patterns for early diagnosis and differential considerations.

Progressive multifocal leukoencephalopathy (PML) is a rare viral central nervous system (CNS) demyelinating disease primarily associated with a compromised immune system. PML is seen mainly in individuals with human immunodeficiency virus, lymphoproliferative disease, and multiple sclerosis. Patients on immunomodulators, chemotherapy, and solid organ or bone marrow transplants are predisposed to PML. Recognition of various PML-associated typical and atypical imaging abnormalities is critical for early diagnosis and differentiating it from other conditions, especially in high-risk populations.

Progressive multifocal leukoencephalopathy associated with carbamazepine-induced immune dysfunction and recovery after carbamazepine cessation.

A patient with epilepsy on carbamazepine developed a rapidly progressive cerebellar syndrome. Serial MRI showed progressive posterior fossa T2/fluid attenuated inversion recovery hyperintensity with gadolinium enhancement. Standard cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) analysis was normal. Detection of John Cunningham virus DNA in the CSF confirmed progressive multifocal leukoencephalopathy (PML). The only evidence of immune disfunction was hypogammaglobulinaemia and longstanding lymphopenia. After cessation of carbamazepine, the lymphocyte count and immunoglobulin levels returned to normal and the PML re

JC Polyomavirus Whole Genome Sequencing at the Single-Molecule Level Reveals Emerging Neurotropic Populations in Progressive Multifocal Leukoencephalopathy.

BACKGROUND: JC polyomavirus (JCV) mostly causes asymptomatic persistent renal infections but may give rise in immunosuppressed patients to neurotropic variants that replicate in the brain, causing progressive multifocal leukoencephalopathy (PML). Rearrangements in the JCV genome regulator noncoding control region (NCCR) and missense mutations in the viral capsid VP1 gene differentiate neurotropic variants from virus excreted in urine. METHODS: To investigate intrahost emergence of JCV neurotropic populations in PML, we deep sequenced JCV whole genome recovered from cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) a

Longitudinal stability of JCV antibody index in Natalizumab treated people with multiple sclerosis.

OBJECTIVE: The aim of this study was to evaluate the evolution of JCV index over time in Natalizumab treated people with multiple sclerosis. MATERIALS AND METHODS: We retrospectively reviewed antibody index values from pwMS who were treated with Natalizumab for greater than six months and had at least two antibody results available between 2011 and 2019. Survival analysis was performed on those who were JCV index value negative at baseline to evaluate time to seroconversion. In pwMS who had index values available at 48 and/or 96 months post Natalizumab initiation, t-tests were performed to ev

T cell deficiency precipitates antibody evasion and emergence of neurovirulent polyomavirus.

JC polyomavirus (JCPyV) causes progressive multifocal leukoencephalopathy (PML), a life-threatening brain disease in immunocompromised patients. Inherited and acquired T cell deficiencies are associated with PML. The incidence of PML is increasing with the introduction of new immunomodulatory agents, several of which target T cells or B cells. PML patients often carry mutations in the JCPyV VP1 capsid protein, which confer resistance to neutralizing VP1 antibodies (Ab). Polyomaviruses (PyV) are tightly species-specific; the absence of tractable animal models has handicapped understanding PyV p

Brainstem progressive multifocal leukoencephalopathy.

BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE: Progressive multifocal leukoencephalopathy (PML) is a severe infection caused by the polyomavirus JC that develops in the central nervous system (CNS) of immunosuppressed patients. The infection frequently starts in the brain hemispheres and can spread into other CNS regions such as the brainstem. Initial isolated PML brainstem lesions are exceptional. We aimed to describe the challenging diagnosis of PML with isolated brainstem lesions at the time of disease onset. METHODS: We describe a case of PML starting with an isolated brainstem lesion and reviewed clinical, rad

Long-term Survival in a Kidney Transplantation Patient With Progressive Multifocal Leukoencephalopathy: A Case Report.

Post-kidney transplantation progressive multifocal leukoencephalopathy (PML) is a rare disease on which there are very few published reports on record. PML is a demyelinating disease caused by a destructive infection of the oligodendrocytes by the JC polyomavirus. No effective therapeutic protocol has been established other than measures to revive the immune function by reducing or discontinuing the administration of immunosuppressive agents. Most cases are progressive and show a poor prognosis. We herein report a case in which renal function has been maintained for 2 years following the onset

Seroconversion of JCV antibodies is strongly associated to natalizumab therapy.

Previous infection with John Cunningham virus (JCV) increases the risk of progressive multifocal leukoencephalopathy in patients with multiple sclerosis (MS) undergoing treatment with natalizumab. Patients who test negative for JCV antibodies must be assessed every six months due to the risk of seroconversion. Data from the United States of America, Portugal, Holland, France, United Kingdom and Sweden have shown a strong correlation between the use of natalizumab and JCV seroconversion. The authors present now data on patients from Brazil, as there are no data from Latin American countries pub

Human polyomavirus JCV and expression of myelin genes.

Myelin basic protein (MBP) is a major component of the myelin sheath of both the central and peripheral nervous systems. A number of neurological diseases in humans are associated with demyelination of the central and/or peripheral nervous systems, including multiple sclerosis and its variants such as acute disseminated encephalomyelitis (AD), acute hemorrhagic leukoencephalopathy, and idiopathic polyneuritis (Guilliame-Barre syndrome), as well as tropical spastic paraparesis (TSP), and progressive multifocal leukoencephalopathy (PML). Multiple sclerosis (MS) is perhaps the most common demyeli

Первичная прогрессивная многофукальная лейкоэнцефалопатия, представляющая собой экстрапирамидальный синдром.

Мы сообщаем о 63-летней женщине с прогрессивной болезнью, которая началась как синдром Паркинсона с двухсторонним трагедием отдыха, жесткостью конечностей и расстройством похода, за которым следуют когнитивное расстройство, виуомомоторная апраксиа и визуальная агнозия. Она умерла через 10 лет после начала болезни и при вскрытии мозг продемонстрировал характерные изменения прогрессивной многофукальной лейкоэнцефалопатии (PML) с наличием вируса JC, подтвержденного гибридизацией на месте. Neuropathology также выявила некоторые необычные особенности в форме нетипичных линейных повреждений на перек

Совпадение в аннотации оригинала
We report a 63-year-old woman with a progressive illness which began as a parkinsonian syndrome with bilateral rest tremor, limb rigidity an … characteristic changes of progressive multifocal leukoencephalopathy (PML) with the presence of the JC virus confirmed by in situ hybridisation. Neuropathology also showed some unusual features in the form of atypical linear lesions at the cortico-white matter junction. Some of these lesions were active while others were inactive and similar to the rarely …

Ultrastructural studies in the lytic phase of progressive multifocal leukoencephalopathy in AIDS patients.

Brain fragments from eight cases (four autopsies and four biopsies) of patients with acquired immune deficiency syndrome (AIDS) with JC virus (JCV) lytic infections were examined ultrastructurally. Particular efforts were made to look for virions and their subcellular distribution in cells not usually involved by papovavirus infection. The cellular and subcellular distribution of virions was investigated with emphasis on cell types not normally associated with papovavirus infection. The pattern of JCV infection was as follows: 1) oligodendrocytes; nucleus only, 7 cases; cytoplasm only, no case…

Human polyomavirus in pregnancy. A model for the study of defence mechanisms to virus reactivation.

We have carried out a longitudinal study of human polyomavirus infection in 71 pregnant women and correlated the virological findings with changes in the defence system in the same patients. As reactivation of human polyomaviruses generally occurred late in the second trimester it was possible to distinguish between the immunological changes which preceded the onset of reactivation and those which were secondary to the infection. Evidence of reactivation was detected in 26 women; all had high or rising antibody titres against BK or JC virus, but only five of these developed viruria. A positive…

Oncogenic Viruses in Organ Transplantation: Implications of Virus-Host Interactions for Cancer Development.

Organ transplantation significantly enhances the survival and quality of life for recipients. However, multiple dependent and independent va … clude hepatitis viruses, papillomaviruses, Epstein-Barr virus, Kaposi's sarcoma, Merkel cell virus, JC virus, BK virus, and human T-lymphotropic virus type 1, all of which have been associated with various malignancies in these patients. To mitigate this risk, a comprehensive viral screening protocol should be integrated into the transplantation process. D …

Pathogen-Specific T Cells Beyond CMV, EBV and Adenovirus.

PURPOSE OF REVIEW: Infectious diseases contribute significantly to morbidity and mortality in recipients of allogeneic haematopoietic stem c … s fungi with this technology. Early clinical studies of PSTs targeting polyomaviruses (BK virus and JC virus), human herpesvirus 6 (HHV6), varicella zoster virus (VZV) and Aspergillus spp. have shown promising results in small numbers of patients. Other potential targets include herpes simplex virus (HSV), respiratory viruses and other invasive fungal spec …

[A case of progressive multifocal leukoencephalopathy associated with daratumumab, bortezomib, and dexamethasone for multiple myeloma].

An 83-year-old man presented with visual disturbance and right hemiparalysis, one month after daratumumab, bortezomib, and dexamethasone administration for multiple myeloma (MM). Blood screens revealed a CD4+ T-lymphocyte count of 132/μl. Diffusion weighted and fluid-attenuated inversion-recovery MR imaging showed high intensity signals in the both occipital lobes and left precentral area. The patient had no history of human immunodeficiency virus infection. Cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) JC virus (JCV) was positive (83 copies/ml), as indicated by PCR. The patient was diagnosed with progressive mul…

Human polyomavirus JC (JCV) infection of human B lymphocytes: a possible mechanism for JCV transmigration across the blood-brain barrier.

It has been suggested that JC virus (JCV) might travel to the central nervous system in infected B cells. Moreover, recent data suggest the presence of JCV in bone marrow plasma cells. However, the evidence for infection and replication of JCV in B cells is unclear. To address this question, we infected Epstein-Barr virus-transformed B cells with JCV and found that the viral genome decreased >1000-fold from days 0 to 20 after infection, which concurred with the absence of viral early and late messenger RNA transcripts and proteins. However, immunofluorescent images of B cells infected with flu…

Relationship between methyl CpG binding protein 2 and JC viral proteins.

JC virus (JCV) is a causative agent of progressive multifocal leukoencephalopathy (PML). Methyl CpG binding protein 2 (MeCP2) is a transcriptional control nuclear protein that is abundantly expressed in neurons. We previously observed that the MeCP2 protein is expressed in JCV large T antigen (TAg)-expressing glial cells in PML brains. To investigate the relationship between MeCP2 and JCV TAg, we examined the promoter activity and mRNA and protein expression levels of MeCP2 in JCV TAg-expressing cells. We found that JCV TAg enhances the promoter activity of MeCP2, but does not enhance the mRNA…