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Gut microbiota metabolically mediate intestinal helminth infection in zebrafish.

UNLABELLED: Intestinal helminth parasite (IHP) infection induces alterations in the composition of microbial communities across vertebrates, although how gut microbiota may facilitate or hinder parasite infection remains poorly defined. In this work, we utilized a zebrafish model to investigate the relationship between gut microbiota, gut metabolites, and IHP infection. We found that extreme disparity in zebrafish parasite infection burden is linked to the composition of the gut microbiome and that changes in the gut microbiome are associated with variation in a class of endogenously produced …

Gut microbiota carbon and sulfur metabolisms support Salmonella infections.

Salmonella enterica serovar Typhimurium is a pervasive enteric pathogen and ongoing global threat to public health. Ecological studies in th … he host inflammatory responses to infection. In the inflamed gut lactate was a key metabolite, with microbiota production and consumption reported amongst members with detected transcript recruitment. We also showed that organic sulfur sources could be converted by gut microbiota to yield inorganic sulfur pools that become oxidized in the inflamed gut, resul …

Schistosomiasis-Microbiota Interactions: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis.

INTRODUCTION: Schistosomiasis, a tropical disease affecting humans and animals, affected 251.4 million people in 2021. Schistosoma mansoni, S. haematobium, S. intercalatum, and S. japonicum are primary human schistosomes, causing tissue damage, granulomas, ulceration, hemorrhage, and opportunistic pathogen entry. The gut and urinary tract microbiota significantly impact a host's susceptibility to schistosomiasis, disrupting microbial balance; however, this relationship is not well understood. This systematic review and meta-analysis explores the intricate relationship between schistosomiasis a…

Микробиота грибкового кишечника в педиатрии с множественным склерозом.

По имеющимся данным, кишечный микробиом может играть определенную роль в множестве склероза (MS). Однако в большинстве исследований основное внимание уделяется кишечным бактериальным сообществам; ни одно из них не изучало грибковую микробиоту (mycobiota) у лиц с педиатрическим множественным склерозом (POMS). Мы изучили кишечник микобиота у людей с ПОМС и без нее посредством перекрестного обследования кишечника микобиота из 46 Образцы стульев участниковthree группы: 18 ПОМЫ, 13 приобретенные монофазные демиелинизирующие синдромы [моноАДС], и 15 Не связанные с этим меры контроля). Использование

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Evidence suggests that the gut microbiome may play a role in multiple sclerosis (MS). However, the majority of the studies have focused on gut bacterial communities; none have examined the fungal microbiota (mycobiota) in persons with pediatric-onset multiple sclerosis (POMS). We examined the gut mycobiota in persons with and without POMS through a cross-sec…

Dietary flavonoids-microbiota crosstalk in intestinal inflammation and carcinogenesis.

Colorectal cancer (CRC) is currently the third leading cancer and commonly develops from chronic intestinal inflammation. A strong association was found between gut microbiota and intestinal inflammation and carcinogenic risk. Flavonoids, which are abundant in vegetables and fruits, can inhibit inflammation, regulate gut microbiota, protect gut barrier integrity, and modulate immune cell function, thereby attenuating colitis and preventing carcinogenesis. Upon digestion, about 90% of flavonoids are transported to the colon without being absorbed in the small intestine. This phenomenon increase…

Alterations of ileal mucosa-associated microbiota in hypercholesterolemia patients.

Many metabolic diseases have been demonstrated to be associated with changes in the microbiome. However, no studies have yet been conducted to examine the characteristics of the mucosal microbiota of patients with hypercholesterolemia. We aimed to examine mucosa-associated microbiota in subjects with hypercholesterolemia. We conducted a case-control study, in which ileal mucosal samples were collected from 13 hypercholesterolemia patients and 13 controls for 16S rRNA gene sequencing. There were differences in the composition of ileal mucosal microbiota based on beta diversity between the hyper…

[Gut microbiota in patients with relapsing-remitting multiple sclerosis].

Microorganisms in human life play a huge role: in particular, those that coexist with the host organism, inhabiting the skin, upper respiratory tract, external genitalia and especially the digestive tract. The intestinal microbiota, including bacteriome, mycobiome and virome, not only takes part in the digestion process, but also provides the synthesis of a number of vitamins. The intestinal microbiome also serves as the basis for a system of extensive bidirectional neuroendocrine pathways that connect microbiota with various regions of the central nervous system, the hypothalamic-pituitary-ad…

PitNETs and the gut microbiota: potential connections, future directions.

The role of the gut microbiome has been widely discussed in numerous works of literature. The biggest concern is the association of the gut … e is known about the effects of gut microbes on the PitNET. In this review, the relationship of gut microbiota in PitNETs is introduced, the potential effects of the gut-brain axis in this relationship are analyzed, and future research directions are presented.

Neuroactive Steroid-Gut Microbiota Interaction in T2DM Diabetic Encephalopathy.

The pathological consequences of type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) also involve the central nervous system; indeed, T2DM patients suffer from … euroactive steroid levels. Overall, the data underline an interesting role for allopregnanolone and microbiota that may represent candidates for the development of therapeutic strategies.

Helicobacter pylori and gastric microbiota homeostasis: progress and prospects.

Helicobacter pylori, a Gram-negative microaerobic bacteria belonging to the phylum Proteobacteria, can colonize in the stomach and duodenum, and cause a series of gastrointestinal diseases such as gastritis, gastric ulcer and even gastric cancer. At present, the high diversity of the microorganisms in the stomach has been confirmed with culture-independent methods; some researchers have also studied the stomach microbiota composition at different stages of H. pylori carcinogenesis. Here, we mainly review the possible role of H. pylori-mediated microbiota changes in the occurrence and developme…

Social anxiety disorder-associated gut microbiota increases social fear.

Social anxiety disorder (SAD) is a crippling psychiatric disorder characterized by intense fear or anxiety in social situations and their avoidance. However, the underlying biology of SAD is unclear and better treatments are needed. Recently, the gut microbiota has emerged as a key regulator of both brain and behaviour, especially those related to social function. Moreover, increasing data supports a role for immune function and oxytocin signalling in social responses. To investigate whether the gut microbiota plays a causal role in modulating behaviours relevant to SAD, we transplanted the mi…

Heterogeneous associations of gut microbiota with Crohn's disease activity.

The multi-factorial involvement of gut microbiota with Crohn's disease (CD) necessitates robust analysis to uncover possible associations with particular microbes. CD has been linked to specific bacteria, but reported associations vary widely across studies. This inconsistency may result from heterogeneous associations across individual patients, resulting in no apparent or only weak relationships with the means of bacterial abundances. We investigated the relationship between bacterial relative abundances and disease activity in a longitudinal cohort of CD patients (n = 57) and healthy contro…

Microbiota Mediate Enhanced Exercise Capacity Induced by Exercise Training.

PURPOSE: We investigated the effects of gut microbes, and the mechanisms mediating the enhanced exercise performance induced by exercise tra … which were also abolished by ABX treatment. CONCLUSIONS: Our results support the concept that gut microbiota mediate enhanced exercise capacity after exercise training and the mechanisms responsible, i.e., hindlimb blood flow, mitochondrial biogenesis, and metabolic profile. Finally, results of this study emphasize the need to fully examine the impact of p …

Maternal microbiota and gestational diabetes: impact on infant health.

Gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) is a common complication of pregnancy that has been associated with an increased risk of obesity and dia … are likely to influence the host health. This review discusses the current understanding of how the microbiota and microbial metabolites may contribute to the development of GDM and how GDM-associated changes in the maternal microbiome can affect infant's health. We also describe microbiota-based interventions that aim to improve metabolic health and outline …

Microbiota-derived genotoxin tilimycin generates colonic stem cell mutations.

The DNA-alkylating metabolite tilimycin is a microbial genotoxin. Intestinal accumulation of tilimycin in individuals carrying til+ Klebsiella spp. causes apoptotic erosion of the epithelium and colitis. Renewal of the intestinal lining and response to injury requires the activities of stem cells located at the base of intestinal crypts. This study interrogates the consequences of tilimycin-induced DNA damage to cycling stem cells. We charted the spatial distribution and luminal quantities of til metabolites in Klebsiella-colonized mice in the context of a complex microbial community. Loss of

Curcumin Supplementation and Vascular Health: Is Gut Microbiota Involved?

Curcumin is a polyphenol compound widely investigated for its potential health benefits. Clinical evidence from randomized controlled trials shows substantial positive effects in healthy individuals but contrasting results for patients with cardio-metabolic disorders. There is growing evidence that the gut microbiota may play a role in curcumin transformation and absorption of more bioactive compounds, suggesting that the baseline health status (or other unmeasured variables) may explain the observed variability of the results.

Neuropeptide Y-Mediated Gut Microbiota Alterations Aggravate Postmenopausal Osteoporosis.

Postmenopausal osteoporosis (PMO) is often accompanied by neuroendocrine changes in the hypothalamus, which closely associates with the microbial diversity, community composition, and intestinal metabolites of gut microbiota (GM). With the emerging role of GM in bone metabolism, a potential neuroendocrine signal neuropeptide Y (NPY) mediated brain-gut-bone axis has come to light. Herein, it is reported that exogenous overexpression of NPY reduced bone formation, damaged bone microstructure, and up-regulated the expressions of pyroptosis-related proteins in subchondral cancellous bone in ovarie…

Babeisa duncani infection alters gut microbiota profile in hamsters.

The genus Babesia includes parasites that can induce human and animal babesiosis, which are common in tropical and subtropical regions of the world. The gut microbiota has not been examined in hamsters infected by Babesia duncani. Red blood cells infected with B. duncani were injected into hamsters through intraperitoneal route. To evaluate the changes in gut microbiota, DNAs were extracted from small intestinal contents, acquired from hamsters during disease development. Then, the V4 region of the 16S rRNA gene of bacteria was sequenced using the Illumina sequencing platform. Gut microbiota a…

Fecal Microbiota Transplant in Pediatric Solid Organ Transplant Recipients.

BACKGROUND: Fecal microbiota transplant (FMT) is an effective treatment for recurrent Clostridioides difficile infection (CDI). Safety concerns around FMT are increased in immunocompromised populations, such as solid organ transplant (SOT) recipients. Outcomes among adult SOT recipients suggest FMT is efficacious and safe; however, pediatric SOT data are lacking. METHODS: We describe the efficacy and safety of FMT among pediatric SOT recipients in a single-center retrospective study from March 2016 to December 2019. Successful FMT was defined as no recurrence of CDI within 2 mo of FMT. We ide…

Fecal microbiota of the synanthropic golden jackal (Canis aureus).

The golden jackal (Canis aureus), is a medium canid carnivore widespread throughout the Mediterranean region and expanding into Europe. This species thrives near human settlements and is implicated in zoonoses such as rabies. This study explores for the first time, the golden jackal fecal microbiota. We analyzed 111 fecal samples of wild golden jackals using 16S rRNA amplicon sequencing the connection of the microbiome to animal characteristics, burden of pathogens and geographic and climate characteristics. We further compared the fecal microbiota of the golden jackal to the black-backed jack…