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In-silico approach to characterize the structure and function of a hypothetical protein of Monkeypox virus exploring Chordopox-A20R domain-containing protein activity.

Background: Monkeypox has emerged as a noteworthy worldwide issue due to its daily escalating case count. This illness presents diverse symptoms, including skin manifestations, which have the potential to spread through contact. The transmission of this infectious agent is intricate and readily transfers between individuals.Methods: The hypothetical protein MPXV-SI-2022V502225_00135 strain of monkeypox underwent structural and functional analysis using NCBI-CD Search, Pfam, and InterProScan. Quality assessment utilized PROCHECK, QMEAN, Verify3D, and ERRAT, followed by protein-ligand docking, v

Cross-reactive antibody response to Monkeypox virus surface proteins in a small proportion of individuals with and without Chinese smallpox vaccination history.

BACKGROUND: After the eradication of smallpox in China in 1979, vaccination with the vaccinia virus (VACV) Tiantan strain for the general population was stopped in 1980. As the monkeypox virus (MPXV) is rapidly spreading in the world, we would like to investigate whether the individuals with historic VACV Tiantan strain vaccination, even after more than 40 years, could still provide ELISA reactivity and neutralizing protection; and whether the unvaccinated individuals have no antibody reactivity against MPXV at all. RESULTS: We established serologic ELISA to measure the serum anti-MPXV titer …

Poxvirus antigen staining of immune cells as a biomarker to predict disease outcome in monkeypox and cowpox virus infection in non-human primates.

Infection of non-human primates (NHPs) such as rhesus and cynomolgus macaques with monkeypox virus (MPXV) or cowpox virus (CPXV) serve as models to study poxvirus pathogenesis and to evaluate vaccines and anti-orthopox therapeutics. Intravenous inoculation of macaques with high dose of MPXV (>1-2×10(7) PFU) or CPXV (>10(2) PFU) results in 80% to 100% mortality and 66 to 100% mortality respectively. Here we report that NHPs with positive detection of poxvirus antigens in immune cells by flow cytometric staining, especially in monocytes and granulocytes succumbed to virus infection and that earl…

Notes from the Field: Contact Tracing for Monkeypox virus Clade I Cases Associated with Air Travel - United States, November 2024-January 2025.

Monkeypox is a vesicular rash illness caused by Monkeypox virus (MPXV), which can be divided into clades (e.g., clade I and II), each of which includes subclades. MPXV is usually transmitted from person to person through close, sustained physical contact. Global spread of clade II MPXV began in 2022; to date, approximately 37,500 cases have been reported in the United States (provisional data), and domestic transmission is ongoing. CDC began conducting aircraft contact investigations for clade II MPXV in 2021. In February 2023, based on data showing no evidence of in-flight transmission of cla…

A Humoral Dilemma: Reassessing Monkeypox Virus Neutralizing Antibodies at More Than 2 Years From Mpox or Modified Vaccinia Ankara-Bavarian Nordic Vaccination.

BACKGROUND: The persistence of immunological memory after immunization against monkeypox virus (MPXV) is unclear. This study assessed MPXV-specific neutralizing antibodies (nAbs) at > 2 years from mpox or Modified Vaccinia Ankara-Bavarian Nordic (MVA-BN) vaccination. METHODS: Retrospective study including individuals with previous mpox or vaccination with MVA-BN, whose MPXV-specific nAb titers were already assessed at 6 months from either event at our center. Neutralizing titers were determined at > 2 years from mpox or vaccination by plaque reduction neutralization test (positive ≥ 1:10) as …

Оценка знаний, отношения и тревог среди медицинских работников и студентов-медиков в Ираке о вирусе обезьяны во время глобального волнения 2024 года.

Возрождение " обезьянопокса " (МПХ) в качестве глобальной чрезвычайной ситуации в области здравоохранения в 2024 году высветило проблемы, с которыми сталкиваются системы здравоохранения во всем мире, особенно в условиях ограниченности ресурсов, таких, как Ирак. Понимание уровня знаний, отношения и тревоги среди медицинских работников и студентов-медиков имеет решающее значение для повышения готовности и укрепления стратегий реагирования во время вспышек. Цель этого исследования состояла в том, чтобы оценить уровень знаний, отношения и тревоги иракских медицинских работников и студент

Design and computational evaluation of a novel multi-epitope hybrid vaccine against monkeypox virus: Potential targets and immunogenicity assessment for pandemic preparedness.

Monkeypox is a type of DNA-enveloped virus that belongs to the orthopoxvirus family, closely related to the smallpox virus. It can cause an infectious disease in humans known as monkeypox disease. Although there are multiple drugs and vaccines designed to combat orthopoxvirus infections, with a primary focus on smallpox, the recent spread of the monkeypox virus to over 50 countries have ignited a mounting global concern. This unchecked viral proliferation has raised apprehensions about the potential for a pandemic corresponding to the catastrophic impact of COVID-19. This investigation explore…

Mpox (Monkeypox) Virus and Its Co-Infection with HIV, Sexually Transmitted Infections, or Bacterial Superinfections: Double Whammy or a New Prime Culprit?

Epidemiologic studies have established that mpox (formerly known as monkeypox) outbreaks worldwide in 2022-2023, due to Clade IIb mpox virus (MPXV), disproportionately affected gay, bisexual, and other men who have sex with men. More than 35% and 40% of the mpox cases suffer from co-infection with HIV and sexually transmitted infections (STIs) (e.g., Chlamydia trachomatis, Neisseria gonorrhoeae, Treponema pallidum, and herpes simplex virus), respectively. Bacterial superinfection can also occur. Co-infection of MPXV and other infectious agents may enhance disease severity, deteriorate outcomes

Молекулярный допинг и внутренний силико-анализ естественных биомолекулов против Денги, Эболы, Зики, SARS-COV-2, вариантов проблем и вируса обезьяны.

Возникновение и быстрая эволюция патогенных вирусов человека в сочетании с трудностями с разработкой эффективных вакцин подчеркивают необходимость разработки новаторских антивирусных средств широкого спектра. Цель настоящего исследования заключается в определении в силико антивирусного потенциала шести бактериальных антимикробных пептидов (АМП), двух фитохимических (сильстрол, ирграфолид) и двух бактериальных вторичных метаболитов (лингбюабеллин А, гапалиндол Н) против вируса денге, вируса Зика, вируса Эбола, основных вариантов вируса SARS-COV-2 и обезьянопокса. Сопоставление результатов стыко

Совпадение в аннотации оригинала
The emergence and rapid evolution of human pathogenic viruses, combined with the difficulties in developing effective vaccines, underline th … hapalindole H) against dengue virus, Zika virus, Ebola virus, the major variants of SARS-CoV-2 and monkeypox virus. The comparison of docking scores obtained with natural biomolecules was performed with specific neutralizing antibodies (positive controls for ClusPro) and antiviral drugs (negative controls for Autodock Vina). Glycocin F was the only natural biomo …

Dosage comparison of Congo Basin and West African strains of monkeypox virus using a prairie dog animal model of systemic orthopoxvirus disease.

The prairie dog is valuable for the study of monkeypox virus (MPXV) virulence and closely resembles human systemic orthopoxvirus disease. Herein, we utilize a variable dose intranasal challenge with approximately 10(3), 10(4), 10(5), and 10(6)PFU for each clade to further characterize virulence differences between the two MPXV clades. A trend of increased morbidity and mortality as well as greater viral shedding was observed with increasing viral challenge dose. Additionally, there appeared to be a delay in onset of disease for animals challenged with lower dosages of virus. Mathematical calcu…

Long-Term Follow-Up of T Cell Immunity Against Orthopoxviruses in People Living with HIV After Vaccination and Natural Monkeypox Virus Infection.

BACKGROUND/OBJECTIVES: After the 2022 mpox outbreak also outside Africa, risk groups including people living with HIV (PLWH) were vaccinated with the Modified Vaccinia Ankara-Bavarian Nordic vaccine (MVA-BN). Previous data on PLWH showed that two vaccinations induced specific T cell responses in 64% of the patients and natural monkeypox virus (MPXV) infection in 100%. The initial T cell response assay took place at a median of approximately 100 days post-vaccination and 300 days post-infection. METHODS: This study investigates the durability of T cell immunity in PLWH by retesting patients ap…

Sequencing of monkeypox virus from infected patients reveals viral genomes with APOBEC3-like editing, gene inactivation, and bacterial agents of skin superinfection.

A large outbreak of Monkeypox virus (MPXV) infections has arisen in May 2022 in nonendemic countries. Here, we performed DNA metagenomics using next-generation sequencing with Illumina or Nanopore technologies for clinical samples from MPXV-infected patients diagnosed between June and July 2022. Classification of the MPXV genomes and determination of their mutational patterns were performed using Nextclade. Twenty-five samples from 25 patients were studied. A MPXV genome was obtained for 18 patients, essentially from skin lesions and rectal swabbing. All 18 genomes were classified in clade IIb…

Exploring the Traditional Chinese Medicine (TCM) database chemical space to target I7L protease from monkeypox virus using molecular screening and simulation approaches.

In the current study, we used molecular screening and simulation approaches to target I7L protease from monkeypox virus (mpox) from the Traditional Chinese Medicines (TCM) database. Using molecular screening, only four hits TCM27763, TCM33057, TCM34450 and TCM31564 demonstrated better pharmacological potential than TTP6171 (control). Binding of these molecules targeted Trp168, Asn171, Arg196, Cys237, Ser240, Trp242, Glu325, Ser326, and Cys328 residues and may affect the function of I7L protease in in vitro assay. Moreover, molecular simulation revealed stable dynamics, tighter structural packi…

In silico analysis of identified molecules using LC-HR/MS of Cupressus sempervirens L. ethyl acetate fraction against three monkeypox virus targets.

Monkeypox virus is a viral disease transmitted to humans through contact with infected animals, such as monkeys and rodents, or through direct contact with the bodily fluids or lesions of infected humans. The aim of this study is to evaluate in silico the inhibition effect of eight Cupressus sempervirens L. ethyl acetate fraction identified molecules using LC-MS on three monkeypox targets such as the vaccinia virus thymidylate kinase (VTK), the viral profilin-like protein (VPP), and the viral RNA polymerase (VRP). The study consist of using molecular docking with AutoDock vina based on the low…

Frequent detection of monkeypox virus DNA in saliva, semen, and other clinical samples from 12 patients, Barcelona, Spain, May to June 2022.

A monkeypox (MPX) outbreak has expanded worldwide since May 2022. We tested 147 clinical samples collected at different time points from 12 patients by real-time PCR. MPX DNA was detected in saliva from all cases, sometimes with high viral loads. Other samples were frequently positive: rectal swab (11/12 cases), nasopharyngeal swab (10/12 cases), semen (7/9 cases), urine (9/12 cases) and faeces (8/12 cases). These results improve knowledge on virus shedding and the possible role of bodily fluids in disease transmission.

Ghosts of infections past: using archival samples to understand a century of monkeypox virus prevalence among host communities across space and time.

Infectious diseases that originate from multiple wildlife hosts can be complex and problematic to manage. A full understanding is further limited by large temporal and spatial gaps in sampling. However, these limitations can be overcome, in part, by using historical samples, such as those derived from museum collections. Here, we screened over 1000 museum specimens collected over the past 120 years to examine the historical distribution and prevalence of monkeypox virus (MPXV) in five species of African rope squirrel (Funisciurus sp.) collected across Central Africa. We found evidence of MPXV …

Design and development of new inhibitors against breast cancer, Monkeypox and Marburg virus by modification of natural Fisetin via in silico and SAR studies.

The natural Fisetin and its derivatives have been shown to have effective bioactivity and strong pharmacological profile, which is continuously drawing the interest of therapeutic applications to the development of new biomolecules against Breast cancer and Monkeypox, and Marburg viral infection, while computational approaches and the study of their structure-activity relationship (SAR) are the most eloquent and reliable platform for performing their hypothetical profile renovation. So, the main perspective of this investigation is to evaluate dual function of Fisetin and its derivatives again

Demographic and clinical characteristics of confirmed human monkeypox virus cases in individuals attending a sexual health centre in London, UK: an observational analysis.

BACKGROUND: Historically, human monkeypox virus cases in the UK have been limited to imported infections from west Africa. Currently, the UK and several other countries are reporting a rapid increase in monkeypox cases among individuals attending sexual health clinics, with no apparent epidemiological links to endemic areas. We describe demographic and clinical characteristics of patients diagnosed with human monkeypox virus attending a sexual health centre. METHODS: In this observational analysis, we considered patients with confirmed monkeypox virus infection via PCR detection attending ope…