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CAR T-Cell Therapy in Neurology: A Scoping Review of Neuro-Oncology, Autoimmune Diseases & Neurotoxicity.

Chimeric antigen receptor (CAR) T-cell therapy has been investigated in neurological diseases, encompassing both central nervous system mali … chieved sustained relapse-free remission over a median follow-up of 5.5 months. Multiple sclerosis, myasthenia gravis, and stiff-person syndrome cases exhibited excellent treatment tolerance without significant immune effector cell-associated neurotoxicity syndrome (ICANS), which is a major concern affecting 27% of patients with hematological malignan …

Unexpected decline of pulmonary function in a patient with thymoma mimicking obstructive bronchiolitis.

Obstructive bronchiolitis (OB) is a rare disorder characterized by progressive airflow limitation and is most commonly associated with autoimmune diseases, inhalation of toxins, lung transplantation, and hematopoietic stem cell transplantation. Thymoma is a rare mediastinal tumor frequently accompanied by autoimmune diseases, such as myasthenia gravis. We report a male patient with mild chronic obstructive pulmonary disease who developed thymoma and severe respiratory dysfunction mimicking OB. Postmortem autopsy revealed histopathological findings resembling systemic graft-versus-host disease …

Chimeric antigen receptor T-cell therapy in neurological disorders: Emerging applications, evidence, and challenges.

Chimeric antigen receptor (CAR) T-cell therapy, initially developed for hematologic malignancies, engineers autologous T cells to eliminate pathogenic immune populations and aims to induce durable immune remodeling. Advancing understanding of the immunopathogenesis of several neurological disorders, particularly antibody-mediated diseases, has prompted investigation of CAR T-cell therapy beyond oncology. Early clinical studies suggest that CAR T-cell therapy may induce sustained remission in selected antibody-mediated neurological disorders, including myasthenia gravis, multiple sclerosis, and…

Rare adverse events after COVID-19 vaccination among Swedish older adults-evidence from a nationwide register-based study.

INTRODUCTION: COVID-19 vaccinations have saved millions of lives, particularly among older adults. Rare potential adverse events have been reported in case reports, but risks among older adults remain unclear. This study assessed risks of selected potential adverse events in this population. METHODS: We included more than 2 million Swedish adults ≥65y in a nationwide register-based cohort. Post-vaccination risks were assessed for herpes zoster (HZ), encephalitis, myelitis and encephalomyelitis, multiple sclerosis (MS), myasthenia gravis, cranial nerve palsy, sudden sensorineural hearing loss …

The evolution of CAR therapies across oncology and autoimmunity: mechanistic insights and therapeutic innovations.

Chimeric antigen receptor (CAR)-engineered cellular therapies have progressed from early proof of concept into highly programmable platforms … tolerance. These strategies are under investigation across systemic sclerosis, multiple sclerosis, myasthenia gravis, type 1 diabetes, inflammatory bowel disease, and rheumatoid arthritis. Collectively, advances in synthetic receptor engineering and translational application position CAR platforms as versatile, next-generation therapeutics across mal …

Ofatumumab Treatment for Refractory Generalized Myasthenia Gravis Post-Lung Adenocarcinoma Resection: A Case Report and Mechanistic Insight.

BACKGROUND: Myasthenia gravis (MG), an autoimmune neuromuscular disorder, may rarely coexist with malignancies such as lung cancer. CASE PRESENTATION: This case report presents the first documented use of ofatumumab, a fully human anti-CD20 monoclonal antibody, in a 75-year-old female with acetylcholine receptor (AChR)-antibody-positive generalized MG (gMG) following lung adenocarcinoma resection. Initially diagnosed with ocular MG (MGFA Class I), the patient progressed to refractory gMG (MGFA Class IIIa) post-thymectomy and tumor resection, unresponsive to corticosteroids, tacrolimus, and in…

Аутоиммунные заболевания и риск неблагоприятных последствий беременности: five million Беременность в Великобритании.

СПРАВОЧНАЯ ИНФОРМАЦИЯ: С учетом усиливающейся тенденции распространения аутоиммунных заболеваний у матерей в период беременности необходимы доказательства связи между аутоиммунными заболеваниями и результатами беременности. МЕТОДЫ: В рамках данного исследования групп населения использовались данные о беременности в результате применения методов первичной медико-санитарной помощи, которые способствовали созданию в Соединенном Королевстве базы данных исследований в области клинической практики (CPRD) (Gold and Aurum) между 2000 и 2022, связанных со статистикой больничных эпизодов (HES). Модифици

Совпадение в аннотации оригинала
BACKGROUND: With an increasing trend in the prevalence of maternal autoimmune diseases in pregnancy, there is need for evidence on the assoc … ealth outcomes were more common across several autoimmune diseases, with particularly high risks in myasthenia gravis (anxiety 3.05, 1.89-4.92; depression 1.77, 1.37-2.28), SLE (anxiety 2.11, 1.67-2.67; depression 1.36, 1.22-1.53), and multiple sclerosis (anxiety 1.76, 1.38-2.23; depression 1.94, 1.77-2.12). Inverse associations were observed for hype …

[Research Progress of CAR-T Cell Therapy in Autoimmune Diseases --Review].

Chimeric antigen receptor T (CAR-T) cell therapy has achieved significant success in the field of hematologic oncology. Considering the similarities in the origin and circulatory distribution between hematopoietic tumor cells and autoantigen-specific immune cells, research has commenced to apply CAR-T cell therapy to autoimmune diseases, yielding encouraging preliminary findings. This article reviews the mechanisms of action and clinical research data of CAR-T cells in diseases such as systemic lupus erythematosus, multiple sclerosis, type 1 diabetes, myasthenia gravis, and rheumatoid arthriti…

Translating B-Cell and Plasma-Cell Targeting from Oncology to Autoimmunity: Modalities, Quantitative Bridging, and a Development Roadmap.

B cells drive B-cell malignancies and diverse autoimmune diseases through autoantibody production, antigen presentation, and cytokine dysreg … matoid arthritis, multiple sclerosis, neuromyelitis optica spectrum disorder, IgG4-related disease, myasthenia gravis, systemic lupus erythematosus, and related disorders. We summarize pivotal translational inflection points, from rituximab extension beyond lymphoma to approvals of ocrelizumab, ofatumumab, ublituximab, and inebilizumab in neuroimmunol …

Camrelizumab-associated MG-like ocular neuromuscular toxicity after PD-1 inhibitor rechallenge in metastatic hepatocellular carcinoma: a case report with serial muscle injury-related biomarker changes.

BACKGROUND: Immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs) can cause rare but clinically important immune-related neuromuscular adverse events. Early warning signals for ICI-associated neuromuscular toxicity remain poorly defined, particularly after PD-1 inhibitor rechallenge. CASE PRESENTATION: We report a 71-year-old woman with metastatic hepatocellular carcinoma who developed progressive bilateral ptosis and blurred vision approximately 20 days after camrelizumab rechallenge following a prolonged treatment-free interval. Repetitive nerve stimulation of the left orbicularis oculi muscle showed a 24.8%

Septin multimer autoantibodies in severe motor neuropathy mimicking lower motor neuron disease.

Severe neuropathies with predominant involvement of motor fibres can resemble lower motor neuron disease (LMND) phenotypes. Given the fatal prognosis of LMND, identifying underlying autoimmune syndromes is crucial to provide treatment options to patients. We investigated a novel autoantibody binding pattern observed on murine teased sciatic nerve fibres. Target antigens were identified using immunoprecipitation combined with mass spectrometry. Target specificity of these autoantibodies was validated in cell-based assays, neutralization assays and knock-out models. A retrospective study cohort

Diagnostic and Prognostic Value of Epigenetic Markers in Neurological Diseases. A Narrative Review.

Neurological disorders are a leading cause of disability and death, yet sensitive and specific biomarkers remain limited. Epigenetic modific … signatures, are associated with stroke risk, severity, and outcome. Evidence in epilepsy, migraine, myasthenia gravis, dystrophies, and leukodystrophies suggests additional disease-specific epigenetic candidates. Epigenetic biomarkers across DNA methylation, histone modifications, and non-coding RNAs hold substantial potential to enhance precision neu …

Chimeric antigen receptor-based cell therapies for neuroimmune disorders: Therapeutic advances and structured standard treatment models.

Chimeric antigen receptor-engineered cell therapies provide a novel therapeutic approach for refractory neuroimmune disorders. These cell pr … effectors, reduce autoantibody levels, and help maintain long-term remission in multiple sclerosis, myasthenia gravis, neuromyelitis optica spectrum disorder, chronic inflammatory demyelinating polyneuropathy, and autoimmune encephalitis. This review summarizes the therapeutic advance of chimeric antigen receptor-based cell therapies for neuroimmune d …

HSP27 in autoimmune diseases: Context-dependent regulation and clinical potential.

BACKGROUND: Heat shock protein 27 (HSP27) is a crucial member of the small heat shock protein family with a molecular weight of approximatel … ystemic lupus erythematosus, rheumatoid arthritis, multiple sclerosis, Behçet's disease, psoriasis, myasthenia gravis, systemic sclerosis, type 1 diabetes, and inflammatory bowel disease. RESULTS: HSP27 exhibits a context-dependent dual regulatory role: in structural cells such as synovial fibroblasts, it acts as an essential component of the TAK1-p3 …

Serum inflammatory proteomic signatures define chronic inflammatory demyelinating polyneuropathy and inform on disease activity.

BACKGROUND: Chronic Inflammatory Demyelinating Polyneuropathy (CIDP) is an immune-mediated neuropathy with heterogeneous presentation and va … ssay and ELISA in 358 sera samples from patients with CIDP, multiple sclerosis (MS), and IG-treated myasthenia gravis (MG) as well as age- and sex- matched healthy controls (HC). Logistic regression with Bonferroni correction, principal component analysis, and correlation analyses were applied to identify differential expression across diagnoses and C …

Generalized thymoma-associated myasthenia gravis associated with anti-α-amino-3-hydroxy-5-methyl-4 isoxazolepropionic acid receptor antibody encephalitis: A case report.

RATIONALE: Autoimmune neurological disorders, including myasthenia gravis and autoimmune encephalitis, may occur in association with thymoma, warranting careful neurological surveillance. Generalized thymoma-associated myasthenia gravis (g-TAMG) complicated with anti-α-amino-3-hydroxy-5-methyl-4 isoxazolepropionic acid receptor (AMPAR) antibody encephalitis is rare, and its clinical features remain unclear. PATIENT CONCERNS: A 53-year-old Japanese man was followed up at our department for g-TAMG. The thymoma was classified as B1/B2 mixed according to the World Health Organization classificati…

Конвергенция глобальных эпидемий: диабет как модулятор нейродегенеративных и нейро-воспалительных расстройств.

Диабет меллитус (ДМ) и неврологические расстройства быстро совпадают с глобальным бременем на здоровье, обусловленным старением населения, растущей распространенностью метаболического синдрома, а также ограниченностью возможностей раннего обнаружения и коррекции заболеваний для многих неврологических синдромов. Помимо своей устоявшейся роли в периферической нейропатии, связанной с диабетом, DM все чаще используется в качестве изменяющего фактора риска, фенотипа и прогнозирования широкого спектра заболеваний центральной и периферической нервной системы. В ходе этого обзора мы обобщаем текущие э

Совпадение в аннотации оригинала
Diabetes mellitus (DM) and neurological disorders are rapidly converging global health burdens, driven by population ageing, the growing pre … a (FTD), chronic inflammatory demyelinating polyradiculoneuropathy (CIDP), multiple sclerosis (MS), myasthenia gravis (MG), and neuromyelitis optica spectrum disorder (NMOSD). Across these conditions, DM acts as a context-dependent disease modifier, increasing risk in some disorders, appearing protective or delaying onset in others, and influencing di …

Unusual Sequential Development of Multiple Sclerosis, Thymoma, Myasthenia, and Lymphoma in the Same Patient.

No case has yet been described in which a patient developed multiple sclerosis (MS) followed by thymoma, myasthenia gravis (MG), and T-cell lymphoma. The patient is a 47-year-old woman who developed relapsing-remitting MS at the age of 31 and was treated with interferon-beta (IFN-β) for over seven years. She was then diagnosed with thymoma, which was treated with chemotherapy and surgery. One year later, she was diagnosed with MG, which was treated with steroids, pyridostigmine, and intravenous immunoglobulins. Due to an MS relapse at the age of 40, ocrelizumab was administered for 2.5 years, …

Unexpected longevity in myasthenia gravis: a multi-state population-based comparison with multiple sclerosis and the U.S. population.

BACKGROUND: This study compares age at death in patients with myasthenia gravis (MG) and multiple sclerosis (MS) with the general U.S. population and examines age at death patterns during a period preceding modern high-efficacy therapies. OBJECTIVE: To compare age at death among individuals with MG and MS with the general population and assess differences in age at death between MG and MS. DESIGN: Retrospective population-based study using death certificate data from four U.S. states (Florida, Wisconsin, Texas, and New York) for 2000, 2005, 2010, and 2015. METHODS: Individuals with MG or MS…

Kappa Free Light Chain for Diagnosis and Neurofilament Light Chain for Prognosis in Autoimmune Encephalitis.

BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES: Reliable biomarkers for autoimmune encephalitis (AE) are limited, and emerging CSF markers are not incorporated into current diagnostic criteria. Prognostic tools remain insufficient, highlighting the need for biomarkers that support both early diagnosis and assessment of disease severity and prognosis. METHODS: In this multicenter prospective cohort study, we analyzed clinical data and paired CSF-serum samples from adults with definite AE enrolled in the German Network for Research on Autoimmune Encephalitis registry and the CSF biobank of Hannover Medical School.