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Effect of GLP-1 receptor agonist on nutrient intake: A narrative review.

Humans have a primitive defense mechanism called metabolic adaptation that slows voluntary weight loss. It works by downregulating hormones that reduce food intake and by lowering the metabolic rate. Second-generation GLP-1 receptor agonists, such as semaglutide or tirzepatide, promote weight loss by targeting this hormonal system to control appetite. Appetite can be divided into hunger, satiety, satiation, and reward eating. This review will examine how GLP-1 receptor agonists and newer satiety hormone agonists influence appetite and its components. Research indicates that these new satiety h

Mesophyll protoplasts: a key tool for deciphering plant nutrient starvation pathways.

The mesophyll protoplast transient expression system is an essential and robust methodology for examining gene expression regulation. Despite its potential, it has not been effectively employed to elucidate the genetic regulatory pathways and networks underlying plant responses to nutrient starvation, such as those involving phosphorus (Pi) and iron (Fe). In this study, we identified differentially expressed genes in response to Pi starvation in Arabidopsis using transcriptome analysis and RT-qPCR validation. Our findings revealed that Pi starvation significantly upregulated the expression of

Nutrient intake and oral health outcomes in children with cow's milk allergy.

BACKGROUND: Oral health is essential to child health, yet the impact of cow's milk allergy (CMA) is poorly defined. This study aimed to compare oral health outcomes between children with CMA and healthy controls and to identify dietary, clinical, and behavioral factors associated with these outcomes. METHODS: Patients with CMA and healthy controls were examined for dental caries, gingival health, dietary habits, and oral health risk factors. A three-day food diary was used to calculate intake and cariogenic food exposure, and laboratory parameters were documented. RESULTS: Sixty-six patients

Glucocorticoid exposure during nutrient deprivation impairs recovery in postmitotic myotubes.

Sarcopenia is a degenerative condition marked by progressive loss of muscle mass and function. Despite its heterogeneous causes, it remains unclear which catabolic insults induce reversible versus irreversible forms of muscle damage. Here, we investigated the phenotypic and metabolic consequences of nutrient deprivation and glucocorticoid exposure using differentiated, post-mitotic murine myotubes as a standardized in vitro model, complemented by comparative transcriptomic profiling against human primary myotubes to assess the conservation of core myogenic programs. Nutrient deprivation and de

Reprogramming immunometabolism: linking nutrient sensing, cell death, and therapeutic innovation.

Development of Immunometabolism as a central paradigm in the modern immunology has revolutionized the understanding of metabolism from being … ygen Species (ROS). Altered immunometabolism is linked to a variety of pathologies: competition for nutrients in tumor physiology leads to T cell exhaustion; an unchecked glycolytic pathway maintains a state of autoimmune inflammation; pathogens exploit host metabolism to escape immunological control; and metabolic diseases, such as obesity and diabetes, fo …

Soft tissue sarcoma invasion of the humerus via the nutrient foramen in a dog.

A 7-year-old castrated male dachshund dog was presented because of non-weight-bearing right thoracic limb lameness with a soft tissue mass of the proximal humerus. Orthogonal radiographs of the affected limb showed a region of geographic lysis and variable cortical thinning centered in the proximal humeral metaphysis. Differential diagnoses for these lesions included benign and malignant processes, including primary osseous neoplasia. Right forelimb amputation was conducted, and histopathologic assessment facilitated diagnosis of a grade II/intermediate-grade soft tissue sarcoma invading the p

Compartmentalized Nutrient and Hormone Sensing in β-Cells: the Role of Primary Cilia.

Pancreatic β-cells couple nutrient and hormone sensing to insulin release. Prevailing models depict the β-cell as a homogeneous metabolic unit, overlooking specialized subcellular compartments like the primary cilium. Primary cilia are sensory organelles that function as critical signaling hubs in pancreatic β-cells. Disrupting primary cilia causes diabetes, but the underlying mechanisms remain unclear. In this review, we critically assess evidence supporting the cilium's role in β-cells, including functional studies that implicate cilia in the control of cytosolic Ca2+ dynamics and exocytosis

Nutrient-Driven Antioxidant Interventions for Prevention of Age-Related and Diabetic Cataracts.

Cataract formation remains a significant cause of global visual impairment. Increasing attention has been directed toward antioxidant-based interventions as potential non-surgical strategies to delay or prevent cataractogenesis, particularly in the age-related and diabetic contexts. This review summarizes recent preclinical evidence on nutritional antioxidants for the prevention of age-related and diabetic cataracts. Agents such as trimetazidine, Moringa oleifera stem extract, ginsenoside Rg1, lanosterol nanoparticles, β-casomorphin-7, and cerium oxide-based nanotherapies have been shown to mi

Evidence map of nutrient interventions for major depression: a systematic review protocol.

BACKGROUND: Depression severely impacts quality of life globally. While traditional treatments show efficacy, many patients respond poorly. Nutritional interventions demonstrate potential as safe, economical adjunctive therapies. However, current evidence is scattered and heterogeneous, lacking systematic evaluation. This study aims to systematically evaluate evidence for various nutritional interventions in depression and create an evidence gap map (EGM). METHODS: We will conduct a systematic review using the EGM approach. Major medical databases will be searched for relevant studies publish

Alterations in Nutrient Availability in the Lungs During Streptococcus pneumoniae-Induced Pneumonia.

Streptococcus pneumoniae is a leading cause of pneumonia. Importantly, the extent and impact of changes in the infected airway on bacterial nutrient availability and gene expression are not known. Utilizing untargeted UPLC-ESI-MS/MS metabolomics, we comprehensively characterized the metabolic landscape in the airway across early, mid, and severe stages of pneumococcal pneumonia. This revealed that dynamic shifts in metabolites occurred during pneumonia, with an initial influx of metabolites at the early stage, followed by declines as the disease progressed. Specific host metabolic perturbation

Alterations in nutrient availability in the lungs during Streptococcus pneumoniae-induced pneumonia.

Streptococcus pneumoniae is a leading cause of pneumonia. Importantly, the extent and impact of changes in the infected airway on bacterial nutrient availability and gene expression are not known. Utilizing untargeted UPLC-ESI-MS/MS metabolomics, we comprehensively characterized the metabolic landscape in the airway across early, mid, and severe stages of pneumococcal pneumonia. This revealed that dynamic shifts in metabolites occurred during pneumonia, with an initial influx of metabolites at the early stage, followed by declines as the disease progressed. Specific host metabolic perturbation

Comparative Evaluation of Nutrient Digestibility in Beagle Dogs of Different Life Stages.

This study evaluated age-related changes in nutrient digestibility in dogs and examined the effects of physiological development and dietary composition on digestive efficiency. Twenty Beagle dogs were assigned to three groups: puppies (<1 year; n = 8), adults (3-4 years; n = 8), and seniors (10-11 years; n = 4). All animals were fed diets formulated to contain identical nutrient levels that met or exceeded the minimum recommended nutrient requirements established by the Association of American Feed Control Officials. The digestibility of dry matter (DM), crude protein (CP), ether extract (EE)

Probiotics and nanoparticle-mediated nutrient delivery in the management of transfusion-supported diseases.

Bone marrow is vital for hematopoiesis, producing blood cells essential for oxygen transport, immune defense, and clotting. However, disorders like leukemia, lymphoma, aplastic anemia, and myelodysplastic syndromes can severely disrupt its function, leading to life-threatening complications. Traditional treatments, including chemotherapy and stem cell transplants, have significantly improved patient outcomes but are often associated with severe side effects and limitations, necessitating the exploration of safer, more targeted therapeutic strategies. Nanotechnology has emerged as a promising a

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… Additionally, they aid in better gut health and the absorption of nutrients, making sure important nutrients for bone health, like calcium and vitamin D, are properly used. Bone tissue, recognized as a mineralized connective tissue, plays an essential role in numerous physiological processes. … Nutrients 12 , 892 . doi: 10.3390/nu12040892 32218248 PMC7230722 Vanitchanont M. Vallibhakara S. A.-O. Sophonsritsuk A. Vallibhakara O. ( 2024 ). …

Placental nutrient transporter abundance in gestational diabetes mellitus with normal birthweight.

INTRODUCTION: Gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) is associated with adverse pregnancy outcomes. When the infant is large for gestational age, placental nutrient transport capacity is often increased. We hypothesized that GDM alters placental nutrient transporter abundance irrespective of infant size. METHODS: We determined the abundance of transporters in placentas from GDM women delivering normal birthweight infants (n = 8) and from normal glucose tolerance (n = 9) women, using an unbiased, global proteomics approach. Liquid chromatography mass-spectrometry was performed to determine relati

Torrefaction of sewage sludge: An approach to nutrient recycling and contaminant reduction in agriculture.

The disposal of sewage sludge, a byproduct of wastewater treatment, presents both opportunities and challenges in agricultural applications … for 3 h, then applied to soil in a field experiment. The torrefaction process concentrated mineral nutrients such as phosphorus and potassium but reduced nitrogen and sulfur content. The content of available phosphorus and potassium decreased by only 28 % and 24 %, respectively. Importantly, torrefaction significantly decreased the concentrations of pharma …

Lead/cadmium impacts on zeolite-tobermorite: Nutrient release and sediment stability.

To realize the comprehensive utilization of large amounts of high-ash coal slime and comprehensively understand the excellent performance of nutrient release and lead and cadmium adsorption of high-ash coal slime silicon composite materials, green and safe mild hydrothermal conditions (200 °C) were used to prepare the rich-rich coal slime. Zeolite/tobermorite composites (Z-TOBs) were used in this study. Batch adsorption tests and repeated extraction tests were used to determine whether silicon, potassium, and calcium nutrients of Z-TOBs have sustained release properties and are affected by pH.…

Activated Carbon and Diatomite as Filtration Materials for Nutrient Removal from Stormwater.

Activated carbon used as one of the layers of a rain garden may be a promising solution for removing nutrients (nitrogen and phosphorus compounds) from stormwater runoff. Progressive urbanization degrades the quality of stormwater that reaches water collectors. Rain gardens are a potential solution-nature-based systems that retain, infiltrate, and purify stormwater. The aim of this study was to evaluate the effectiveness of a model rain garden in the form of retention columns, depending on the composition of the filling material and the conditions of the simulation. The base column was filled …

Scaphoid bone morphometry and nutrient foramina: anatomical study and clinical implications.

PURPOSE: The aim of the current study is to reveal the morphological features and nutrient foramina distribution of scaphoid bone in a Turkish population, which may be helpful to diagnosis and surgical treatment of scaphoid fractures. METHODS: One hundred and two (51 right, 51 left) dry scaphoid bone were measured. The following measurements were performed: length, width, area of articular surfaces, mid-peripheral width, number of posterior grooves, width and length of the grooves, length of the scaphoid tubercle and number of nutrient foramina, proximal or distal location of these foramina,

PDK4 and nutrient responses explain muscle specific manifestation in mitochondrial disease.

BACKGROUND: Mitochondria elicit various metabolic stress responses, the roles of which in diseases are poorly understood. Here, we explore how different muscles of one individual-extraocular muscles (EOMs) and quadriceps femoris (QFs) muscles-respond to mitochondrial disease. The aim is to explain why EOMs atrophy early in the disease, unlike other muscles. METHODS: We used a mouse model for mitochondrial myopathy ("deletor"), which manifests progressive respiratory chain deficiency and human disease hallmarks in itsmuscles. Analyses included histology, ultrastructure, bulk and single-nuclear

"Energetics of the outer retina I: Estimates of nutrient exchange and ATP generation".

Photoreceptors (PRs) are metabolically demanding and packed at high density, which presents a challenge for nutrient exchange between the associated vascular beds and the tissue. Motivated by the ambition to understand the constraints under which PRs function, in this study we have drawn together diverse physiological and anatomical data in order to generate estimates of the rates of ATP production per mm2 of retinal surface area. With the predictions of metabolic demand in the companion paper, we seek to develop an integrated energy budget for the outer retina. It is known that rod PR number