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Pathogen Profiles of Infectious Conjunctivitis in Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam.

PURPOSE: Conjunctivitis epidemics and pandemics remain a global burden. This study aims to comprehensively identify pathogens associated wit … the patients. 72% (95% confidence interval: 54% to 85%) were infected with either HAdV-D or HAdV-B. RNA viruses detected were rhinoviruses and human coronavirus 229E. Bacteria etiologies included Streptococcus pneumoniae, Hemophilus influenza, and Pseudomonas spp. One patient had co-infection of rhinovirus A and HAdV-B. Vittaforma corneae, a fungus, was ident …

Development of a method to control the RNA extraction and reverse transcription steps for the detection of dengue virus present in human blood samples.

AIMS: Molecular biology techniques based on the detection of genomic sequences by reverse transcription combined with polymerase chain reaction (PCR) have enabled the detection of different RNA viruses in serum or plasma samples. Since the dengue epidemic outbreak declared in Argentina in 2009, numerous patients' samples were analyzed for the acute phase of infection. One of the main methodological drawbacks is the lack of internal control to measure the effectiveness of the viral extraction and reverse transcription process. In this article, we propose to standardize a molecular method to det…

RIG-I mediates nonsegmented negative-sense RNA virus-induced inflammatory immune responses of primary human astrocytes.

While astrocytes produce key inflammatory mediators following exposure to neurotropic nonsegmented negative-sense RNA viruses such as rabies virus and measles virus, the mechanisms by which resident central nervous system (CNS) cells perceive such viral challenges have not been defined. Recently, several cytosolic DExD/H box RNA helicases including retinoic acid-inducible gene I (RIG-I) have been described that function as intracellular sensors of replicative RNA viruses. Here, we demonstrate that primary human astrocytes constitutively express RIG-I and show that such expression is elevated f…

Реагирование на стресс в инфекционных клетках: активация развернутого белка и автофагика.

Флавивирус — род вирусов РНК, который включает в себя множество известных на протяжении длительного времени человеческих, животных и зоонотических патогенов, таких, как вирус Денге, вирус желтой лихорадки, вирус Западного Нила или японский энцефалит, а также другие менее известные вирусы, представляющие потенциальную угрозу для здоровья человека и животных, такие как вирусы Усуту или Зика. Репликация флавируса основана на эндоплазмических ретикулумах. Реконструкция мембраны и накопление вирусных факторов вызывают эндоплазмическую ретикулумную нагрузку, которая приводит к активации реакции клет

Совпадение в аннотации оригинала
The Flavivirus is a genus of RNA viruses that includes multiple long known human, animal, and zoonotic pathogens such as Dengue virus, yellow fever virus, West Nile virus, or Japanese encephalitis virus, as well as other less known viruses that represent potential threats for human and animal health such as Usutu or Zika viruses. Flavivirus replication is ba…

In-vivo activity of antivirals against exotic RNA viral infections.

Infection of humans by viruses belonging to the families of Toga-, Bunya-, and Arenaviridae constitutes a major health problem worldwide and … e carboxamide nucleoside Tiazofurin appear to have in-vivo activity against certain of these exotic RNA viruses.

Flaviviruses-Induced Neurological Sequelae.

Flaviviruses, a group of single-stranded RNA viruses spread by mosquitoes or ticks, include several significant neurotropic viruses, such as West Nile virus (WNV), Japanese encephalitis virus (JEV), tick-borne encephalitis virus (TBEV), and Zika virus (ZIKV). These viruses can cause a range of neurological diseases during acute infection, from mild, flu-like symptoms to severe and fatal encephalitis. A total of 20-50% of patients who recovered from acute flavivirus infections experienced long-term cognitive issues. Here, we discuss these major neurotropic flaviviruses-induced clinical diseases…

An intra-family conserved high-order RNA structure within the M ORF is important for arterivirus subgenomic RNA accumulation and infectious virus production.

Synthesis of subgenomic RNAs is a strategy commonly used by polycistronic positive-sense single-stranded RNA viruses to express 3'-proximal genes. Members of the order Nidovirales, including coronaviruses and arteriviruses, use a unique discontinuous transcription strategy to synthesize subgenomic RNAs. In this study, in silico synonymous site conservation analysis and RNA structure folding predicted the existence of intra-family conserved high-order RNA structure within the M ORF of arteriviral genomes, which was further confirmed by RNA secondary structure probing. This RNA structure was det…

A reovirus of the fungus Cryphonectria parasitica that is infectious as particles and related to the coltivirus genus of animal pathogens.

RNA viruses of filamentous fungi fall into two broad categories, those that contain double-stranded RNA (dsRNA) genomes in rigid particles and those that are more closely related to positive-sense, single-stranded RNA viruses with dsRNA replicative intermediates found within lipid vesicles. Effective infectivity systems have been described for the latter, using RNA transcripts, but not for the former. We report the characterization of a reovirus from Cryphonectria parasitica, the filamentous fungus that causes chestnut blight disease. The virus substantially reduces the virulence of the fungus…

RNA induced polymerization of the Borna disease virus nucleoprotein.

The Borna disease virus (BDV) nucleoprotein (N) monomer resembles the nucleoprotein structures from rabies virus (RABV) and vesicular stomat … ructural principles for N-RNA and N-P-RNA complex formation as observed for related negative strand RNA viruses.

Nucleotide sequences at the 5' termini of influenza virus RNAs and their transcripts.

The results of analyses of the 5'-terminal sequences of Fowl Plague virus RNAs are presented. The first 13 residues of each of the eight RNA molecules which constitute the genome are in the identical sequence 5'AGUAGAAAUUAGG- and this conservation of sequence is shown to extend to other influenza viruses. The 5'-terminal sequences of virion RNA transcripts produced in vitro are also reported and again the first 12 nucleotides of these are identical for all influenza type A transcripts examined in the sequence 5'AGCAAAAGCAGG-. In addition the results of attempts to determine the sequence relati

Alongshan virus in the virome of Ixodes hexagonus ticks in the United Kingdom.

Ticks host a vast spectrum of viruses, including many known pathogens and a growing number of virus species with unknown pathogenic potential. In this study we analysed the virome of Ixodes hexagonus ticks collected from European hedgehogs. Nucleic acids were extracted from the ticks, and a selection of hedgehog organs and RNA samples from three ticks were subjected to next generation sequencing. Sequence reads were de novo assembled and screened using viral detection software. Sequences flagged as potential viruses were compared to the NCBI virus database to identify the closest known viruses

Establishment of enterically transmitted hepatitis virus animal models using lipid nanoparticle-based full-length viral genome RNA delivery system.

BACKGROUND: Enterically transmitted hepatitis viruses, such as hepatitis A virus (HAV) and hepatitis E virus (HEV), remain notable threats to public health. However, stable and reliable animal models of HAV and HEV infection are lacking. OBJECTIVE: This study aimed to establish HAV and HEV infections in multiple small animals by intravenously injecting lipid nanoparticle (LNP)-encapsulated full-length viral RNAs (LNP-vRNA). DESIGN: In vitro transcribed and capped full-length HAV RNA was encapsulated into LNP and was intravenously inoculated to Ifnar-/- mice, and HEV RNA to rabbits and gerbil

Library strategies differentially shape microbial, functional, and host signals in clinical metagenomic sequencing.

Metagenomic next-generation sequencing (mNGS) is increasingly used in infectious disease diagnostics, yet how library preparation shapes the … ed the most comprehensive standalone recovery of the clinical infectome, with improved detection of RNA viruses and cellular pathogens, enhanced resolution of resistance and virulence signals, and preservation of infection-associated host immune signatures. DNAlib showed stronger baseline recovery of DNA viruses and broader host genome coverage, whereas the T …

[Human monkeypox].

Unlike other recent viral emergences, which were in majority caused by RNA viruses, the monkeypox results from infection by a DNA virus, an orthopoxvirus closely related to both vaccine and smallpox viruses and whose two genomic variants are known. Unexpectedly isolated from captive Asiatic monkeys and first considered as an laboratory curiosity, this virus was recognised in 1970 as an human pathogen in tropical Africa. Here it was responsible for sporadic cases following intrusions (for hunting) into tropical rain forests or rare outbreak with human-to-human transmission as observed in 1996 i…

The viral RNA capping machinery as a target for antiviral drugs.

Most viruses modify their genomic and mRNA 5'-ends with the addition of an RNA cap, allowing efficient mRNA translation, limiting degradation by cellular 5'-3' exonucleases, and avoiding its recognition as foreign RNA by the host cell. Viral RNA caps can be synthesized or acquired through the use of a capping machinery which exhibits a significant diversity in organization, structure and mechanism relative to that of their cellular host. Therefore, viral RNA capping has emerged as an interesting field for antiviral drug design. Here, we review the different pathways and mechanisms used to prod

Molecular investigation of GB virus C RNA in hemodialysis and thalassemics patients from Brazil.

The GB virus C (GBV-C)/hepatitis G virus (HGV) is a member of the Flaviviridae family. Based on the clinical and epidemiological profiles, this virus could be acquired mainly by parenteral transmission through contaminated blood. We therefore investigated the presence of GBV-C/HGV and its relation with the other blood borne viruses as hepatitis B and C viruses (HBV, HCV) in hemodialysis and thalassemic individuals and blood donors from Ribeirão Preto-Brazil. Detection of blood borne virus markers including HBV surface antigen (HbsAg), HBV core antibody (anti-Hbc) and HCV antibody was carried o

Exploring suramin's antiviral effects: targeting Lymphocytic Choriomeningitis virus cell entry and replication/transcription processes.

The Arenavirus family comprises of multiple pathogenic human viruses. Currently, there are no licensed vaccines or antiviral agents against arenavirus infections; therefore, there is a pressing need to develop prophylaxis and/or countermeasures. Suramin is an approved antiparasitic drug that also blocks the propagation of multiple viruses. In this study, the antiviral effect of suramin against lymphocytic choriomeningitis virus (LCMV), a prototype of the arenavirus, was examined. Our results showed that suramin targeted at least two replication steps of LCMV, an entry step and a replication st

Strains of CHO-K1 cells resistant to Pseudomonas exotoxin A and cross-resistant to diphtheria toxin and viruses.

We have investigated two phenotypically distinct types of mutants of CHO-K1 cells that are resistant to Pseudomonas exotoxin A due to a defect in the delivery of active toxin to the target site in the cell, elongation factor 2. Both types contain normal levels of toxin-sensitive elongation factor-2. Hybridization studies have shown that these cells fall into two distinct complementation groups. One group, designated DPVr, is resistant to Pseudomonas toxin, diphtheria toxin, and four enveloped RNA viruses. This group is also hypersensitive to ricin. The resistance of this group is apparently re…

Broad-spectrum antiviral activity of antisense oligonucleotides targeting GBF1 against SARS-CoV-2 and influenza viruses.

Influenza viruses and severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) are respiratory pathogens that continue to challenge glob … geting ASOs thus represent a promising host-directed antiviral approach for controlling respiratory RNA viruses.

SIRPA suppresses integrin-dependent virus endocytosis.

New World arenaviruses (NWAs) that cause viral hemorrhagic fever, such as Junín virus, have few therapeutic options. Entry of these viruses into cells is mediated by binding to cell surface receptors, followed by endocytosis and trafficking to a low pH compartment. We showed previously that Signal Regulatory Protein Alpha (SIRPA), a critical cell surface receptor that inhibits macrophage phagocytic activity, decreases internalization by NWAs as well as other pathogenic RNA viruses that traffic to low pH compartments. Here we demonstrate that proteins involved in the SIRPA/integrin signaling ax…