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Significance of interstitial cells of Cajal in Hirschsprung's disease and intestinal neuronal dysplasia - A comparative study.

BACKGROUND: The normal motility of the gastrointestinal tract depends on the enteric nervous system, the smooth muscle, and the interstitial … chemistry was performed for CD 117 (c-kit) and Anoctamin-1 (Ano-1) to identify the ICCs, along with synaptophysin and S-100 for identification of the ganglion cells and nerve bundles, respectively. The submucosal nerve trunk thickness was evaluated by nerve trunk morphometry in all three groups. RESULTS: ICCs were significantly reduced in all three layers in I …

Защитное воздействие Fingolimod на визуальное поведение в модели обезвоживания животных ассоциируется с предотвращением синаптопатии.

Множественный склероз (MS) — вызывающее демиелионирование заболевание CNS, которое вызывает моторные, когнитивные и сенсорные дисфункции, причем одним из наиболее распространенных заболеваний является визуальное расстройство. Синаптопатия была признана одним из основных патогенных компонентов MS. Ранее мы характеризовали ингибирование синаптопатии в визуальном таламусе с помощью модели MS животных, вызванной купризоной. Однако мало внимания уделяется расследованиям, касающимся возможных методов лечения для предотвращения синаптопатии. Fingolimod является одним из наиболее широко используемых и

Совпадение в аннотации оригинала
Multiple sclerosis (MS) is an inflammatory demyelinating disease of the CNS that causes motor, cognitive, and sensory dysfunctions, with vis … d the preventive effect of Fingolimod on cuprizone-induced synaptopathy. Using Western blotting for synaptophysin, PSD-95, and gephyrin, as well as ultrastructural analysis, we demonstrated that daily intraperitoneal injections of Fingolimod (1 mg/Kg) protect against the increase of inhibitory synapses in cuprizone-treated mice. Fingolimod also prevented reduct …

Developmental and adult GAP-43 deficiency in mice dynamically alters hippocampal neurogenesis and mossy fiber volume.

Growth-associated protein-43 (GAP-43) is a presynaptic protein that plays key roles in axonal growth and guidance and in modulating synapse formation. Previous work has demonstrated that mice lacking one allele of this gene (GAP-43+/- mice) exhibit hippocampal structural abnormalities, impaired spatial learning and stress-induced behavioral withdrawal and anxiety, behaviors that are dependent on proper hippocampal circuitry and function. Given the correlation between hippocampal function, synaptic connectivity and neurogenesis, we tested if behaviorally naïve GAP-43+/- mice had alterations in

[A case of basaloid squamous cell carcinoma of rectosigmoid colon].

Basaloid squamous cell carcinoma is a rare and aggressive variant of squamous cell carcinoma, which mostly occurs in the upper aerodigestive … ed. However, basaloid cells were noted on histologic examination, and they were weakly positive for synaptophysin on immunohistochemical study. After palliative lower anterior resection, histologic examination of the resected specimen revealed basaloid differentiation with keratin pearls, and tumor cells were positively stained with high molecular weighted cyto …

Mixed neuroendocrine tumor of the common bile duct.

CONTEXT: Mixed adenoendocrine tumors of the extrahepatic bile ducts are exceedingly rare and most of those who are rarely diagnosed are adenocarcinomas. Neuroendorine tumors accounts for only 0.2-2%. CASE REPORT: We report a case of mixed adenoneuroendo-carcinoma of the common bile duct in an 82-year-old male. CONCLUSION: Clinical experience suggests that the neuroendocrine component of mixed tumors behave more aggressively than the regular biliary adenocarcinoma component. This clinical behavior may have an important role in the management of this clinical entity.

Melatonin increases dendritogenesis in the hilus of hippocampal organotypic cultures.

Neuropsychiatric disorders are characterized by hippocampus decreased volume and loss of dendrite arborizations in the subiculum and prefrontal cortex. These structural changes are associated with diminished memory performance. Hilar neurons of the hippocampus integrate spatial memory and are lost in dementia. They receive information from dentate gyrus neurons through dendrites, while they send axonal tracts to the CA3 region. Dendrites are complex structures of neurons that receive chemical information from presynaptic and postsynaptic terminals. Melatonin, the main product of the pineal gla

In vivo hippocampal microdialysis reveals impairment of NMDA receptor-cGMP signaling in APP(SW) and APP(SW)/PS1(L166P) Alzheimer's transgenic mice.

Transgenic (Tg) mice overexpressing human amyloid precursor protein (APP) mutants reproduce features of early Alzheimer's disease (AD) inclu … mice occurred in the absence of changes in expression levels of several synaptic proteins including synaptophysin, NR1 NMDA-R subunit and postsynaptic density protein 95, which indicates lack of profound synaptic degeneration. Aβ oligomers were detected in all three AD Tg mice groups and their concentration in the hippocampus ranged from 40.5±3.6ng/g in 4 month …

Multiple minute nests of incidentally detected paraganglionic cells associated with urothelial carcinoma of the urinary bladder in a 73-year-old woman.

A 73-year-old woman who had undergone resection of urothelial carcinoma (UC) (G3 > G2) of the ureter was also found to have UC (G3) in the u … lso strongly positive on staining with antibodies to chromogranin A, neuron-specific enolase (NSE), synaptophysin, and vimentin on immunohistochemical staining. In addition, sustentacular cells in the minute cell nests were positive for S100 protein. Staining with antibodies to pancytokeratin AE1/AE3, glial fibrillary acidic protein, and p53 was negative in the …

The 'rosette-forming glioneuronal tumor' of the fourth ventricle.

Tumors containing both neuronal and glial components are a rare heterogeneous group with unique features that require further subclassification. The rosette-forming glioneuronal tumor of the fourth ventricle is one of a number of recently described glioneuronal tumors, which has been accorded official WHO nosologic status only in 2007. We describe the clinical and pathologic features of two patients with rare rosette-forming glioneuronal tumors of the fourth ventricle, one of which was associated with dysgenetic tricho-rhinopharyngeal type I syndrome.

The pterygopalatine ganglion in humans: a morphological study.

As a rule the pterygopalatine ganglion (PPG) is considered to be a single structure of the parasympathetic nervous system, associated with the maxillary nerve in the pterygopalatine fossa (PPF). A few structural studies in humans are available in the indexed references. We designed the present study of the PPG in order to provide evidence of possible variations in morphological patterns of the PPG. We performed dissections of the PPF on 20 human adult heads, using different approaches. The dissected specimens were stained with hematoxylin-eosin and silver (Bielschowsky) or prepared for immunoh

Rosette-forming glioneuronal tumor of the fourth ventricle: report of two cases with a differential diagnostic overview.

We report on clinicopathological findings in two cases of rosette-forming glioneuronal tumor of the fourth ventricle (RGNT) occurring in fem … oth tumors comprised an admixture of low-grade astrocytoma interspersed with circular aggregates of synaptophysin-expressing round cells harboring oligodendrocyte-like nuclei. The astrocytic moiety in Case 1 was nondescript, and overtly pilocytic in Case 2. The architecture of neuronal elements variously consisted of neurocytic rosettes, of pseudorosettes cente …

Adrenal cortical carcinomas with myxoid differentiation in the domestic ferret (Mustela putorius furo).

A total of 15 adrenocortical carcinomas with myxoid differentiation from 15 ferrets were evaluated in this retrospective study. Six of these … histochemically they were strongly positive for vimentin and alpha-inhibin and lightly positive for synaptophysin. Proliferating cell nuclear antigen (PCNA)-labeling indices (LI) of adrenal cortical neoplastic cells within the myxoid component of the neoplasm were significantly elevated (P < 0.05) compared with those of typical neoplastic adrenal cortical cells …

Specific targeting of ganglion cell sprouts provides an additional mechanism for restoring peripheral motor circuits in pelvic ganglia after spinal nerve damage.

The pelvic ganglia contain both sympathetic and parasympathetic neurons and provide an interesting model in which to study the effects of a distributed spinal nerve lesion. Previous animal studies have suggested that after either lumbar or sacral nerve injury, some functional connections are restored between preganglionic and postganglionic neurons. It has been proposed that this is because of intact preganglionic axons sprouting collaterals to supply denervated ganglion cells. However, this has never been demonstrated, and our study has investigated whether the ganglion cells themselves contr

Gastric carcinoids. An immunohistochemical and clinicopathologic study of 104 patients.

BACKGROUND: Gastric carcinoids are uncommon, and are unlike carcinoids at other gastrointestinal sites, clinically and pathologically. METHODS: The authors studied specimens from 104 patients with gastric carcinoid, with study emphasis being placed on pathologic features, immunohistochemistry, clinical associations, and prognostic factors. RESULTS: The average age of the 47 male patients and 57 female patients was 61 years. Twenty-seven patients had chronic atrophic gastritis, 12 had pernicious anemia, and 6 had hypergastrinemia; no patient had carcinoid syndrome. Most of the tumors were con

Paraganglioma of the Lumbar Spine: A Case Report.

Paragangliomas are rare neuroendocrine tumors, with spinal involvement representing a small minority of cases. Lumbar spinal paragangliomas … . Histopathology confirmed a paraganglioma, with immunohistochemical positivity for chromogranin A, synaptophysin, and S100. Postoperatively, she reported substantial relief of pain and radiculopathy, with no neurological deficits. Surveillance MRI at seven weeks and 4.5 months showed no residual or recurrent tumor. Although rare, lumbar paragangliomas should b …

Early-life supplementation with 2'-FL promotes the structural and functional integrity of the brain in mice at weaning and adolescence.

2'-fucosyllactose (2'-FL) was found to improve cognitive function and was approved for use in infant formula. Given that brain maturation continues through adolescence and even into adulthood, the extent of 2'-FL's cognitive benefits remains to be evaluated. This study administered 2'-FL to mice from 4 to 42 days of age and evaluated its benefits on structural and functional development following LPS challenge. Both 0.5 and 2 mg/g body weight/day 2'-FL significantly upregulated genes related to neurodevelopment (NGF, BDNF), myelination (MBP, Olig2), and synaptic function (PSD95, Synaptophysin,…

Cholinergic Differentiation of Human iPSCs Reveals Early APOE4-Driven Dysregulation of Neuronal Markers, Synaptogenesis and Inflammatory Responses.

Alzheimer's disease (AD) is a progressive neurodegenerative disorder characterized by progressive memory impairment and cognitive decline. T … reflected by earlier downregulation of the progenitor marker Nestin. However, delayed expression of synaptophysin indicated impaired synaptic maturation. Functionally, APOE3 iNs exhibited a robust but temporally regulated response to TNF-α, whereas APOE4 iNs were characterized by a delayed yet sustained induction of inflammatory signaling. Moreover, APOE4 iNs d …

Proteomic profiling reveals novel insights into hypercortisolism adrenal adenomas.

Adrenal cortisol-producing adenomas (CPAs) represent the most common endocrine disorder among adrenal incidentalomas and are classified as e … or (LDLR), 3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl-CoA synthase 1 (HMGCS1), hormone-sensitive lipase (LIPE), and synaptophysin (SYP) is identified as a promising combination of candidate pathological markers for CPAs. Importantly, downregulation of calcium binding protein 39 like (CAB39L) is uncovered as a key driver of pathological cortisol production. These findings provi …

Nasal carcinoma with leptomeningeal carcinomatosis in a dog.

A 7-y-old, castrated male Standard Poodle was presented to the North Carolina State University Small Animal Neurology Service (Raleigh, NC, … l origin was supported by strong pan-cytokeratin and E-cadherin positivity and negative staining to synaptophysin, neural-specific enolase, S100, and CD18; partial positivity to vimentin suggested epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition in portions of the neoplasm. These findings confirmed leptomeningeal carcinomatosis secondary to the primary nasal carcinoma.

Case Report: Pancreatic amphicrine-like carcinoma with acinar differentiation harboring a KANK4-RAF1 gene fusion.

Pancreatic amphicrine-like carcinoma (ALC) is an exceptionally rare neoplasm characterized by simultaneous exocrine and endocrine differenti … with expression of trypsin and BCL10 together with neuroendocrine differentiation characterized by synaptophysin and INSM1 expression within the same neoplastic population. Molecular analysis revealed a RAF1 rearrangement, a potentially actionable alteration previously described in a subset of pancreatic acinar carcinomas. The patient showed rapid disease prog …