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Advances in the management of ADHD in children and adolescents.

This review synthesizes evidence on managing attention deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) in children and adolescents, focusing on studie … ext. Lifestyle interventions targeting physical activity and sleep show modest adjunctive benefits. Cognitive training does not generalize beyond trained tasks, and effects on neurofeedback are predominantly non-specific and contextual. Digital tools are expanding, but few are rigorously validated. Pharmacological treatment remains central, with stimulants showing r …

Multicomponent exercise improved cognitive flexibility and muscular fitness in community-dwelling older adults.

ObjectiveCognitive flexibility is the ability to transition between various tasks flexibly, which declines in aging. The purpose of this quasi-experimental study was to investigate the effect of a 12-week multicomponent exercise intervention on cognitive flexibility and attention, measured by color trail test (CTT)-1, CTT-2, and CTT 2-1 difference, in community-dwelling older adults. The relationship between cognitive flexibility and muscular fitness was also examined.MethodsThe participants were assigned to either the exercise group (n = 41, aged 70.6 ± 5.9 years) or the control group (n = 18

Working memory training in students with dyslexia: Additional effects to reading and spelling remediation not likely.

BACKGROUND: Poor decoding and spelling (literacy) skills have been associated with weak working memory. AIMS: The aim of this study was to elucidate the contribution of working memory to literacy progress in students with dyslexia. It has been suggested that working memory can be enhanced by training, which in turn may have a positive effect on reading and spelling abilities (e.g., Peijnenborg et al., 2023). METHODS AND PROCEDURES: Participants consisted of a specific group of children with dyslexia and weak working memory skills (n = 62). The effect of Cogmed training on decoding and spelli

Adherence to multidomain interventions for dementia prevention: Data from the FINGER and MAPT trials.

INTRODUCTION: Multidomain interventions, targeting multiple risk factors simultaneously, could be effective dementia prevention strategies, … nd Disability participants received a 2-year multidomain lifestyle intervention (physical training, cognitive training, nutritional counseling, and cardiovascular monitoring). Multidomain Alzheimer Preventive Trial participants received a 3-year multidomain lifestyle intervention (cognitive training, physical activity counseling, and nutritional counseling) with eit …

Predictors of remediation success on a trained memory task.

Cognitive remediation has led to improvements for some but not all individuals with schizophrenia. The goal of the current investigation was to determine which variables predicted response to cognitive remediation training. In a sample of 58 patients with DSM-IV schizophrenia or schizoaffective disorder, normalization of performance on a trained memory task was selected as the criterion for successful remediation. The contribution of demographic, symptom, treatment process, and cognitive variables in predicting successful remediation was examined using a series of logistic regressions. A final

A randomized controlled trial of the effects of working memory training in methadone maintenance patients.

OBJECTIVE: Working memory impairment in individuals with chronic opioid dependence can play a major role in cognitive and treatment outcomes. Cognitive training targeting working memory shows promise for improved function in substance use disorders. To date, cognitive training has not been incorporated as an adjunctive treatment for opioid dependence. METHODS: Methadone maintenance patients were randomly assigned to experimental (n=28) or active control (n=28) 25-session computerized training and run in parallel. Cognitive and drug use outcomes were assessed before and after training. RESULT…

Effectiveness of Simultaneous Combined Intervention for Enhancing Cognitive Function in Patients with Moderate Alzheimer's Disease.

BACKGROUND: The evidence supporting the effectiveness of combined interventions in Alzheimer's disease (AD) patients remains inconclusive. OBJECTIVE: The aim of this study was to evaluate the mid- and long-term effectiveness of physical training, alone or combined with cognitive games, on cognitive performance in patients with moderate AD. METHODS: Seventy-nine AD patients (≈73% females, age of ≈70±1 years) were randomly divided into three groups: aerobic-based training (AT-group, n = 27), aerobic-based training plus cognitive games (ACT-group, n = 25), and a control group engaged in reading

Machine learning meta-analysis identifies individual characteristics moderating cognitive intervention efficacy for anxiety and depression symptoms.

Cognitive training is a promising intervention for psychological distress; however, its effectiveness has yielded inconsistent outcomes across studies. This research is a pre-registered individual-level meta-analysis to identify factors contributing to cognitive training efficacy for anxiety and depression symptoms. Machine learning methods, alongside traditional statistical approaches, were employed to analyze 22 datasets with 1544 participants who underwent working memory training, attention bias modification, interpretation bias modification, or inhibitory control training. Baseline depress…

Eye-tracking training improves visuospatial working memory of children with attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder and autism spectrum disorder.

Given the close connection between eye movement and frontal lobe functions and some evidence supporting the effect of eye-tracking training on enhancing cognitive performance mediated by the frontal lobe, this study aimed to explore if after-school eye-tracking training can improve the visuospatial working memory (VSWM) and cognitive flexibility performance in children with attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) and autism spectrum disorder (ASD). This study is a non-randomized cluster trial. Forty children from eight primary schools were selected, half receiving eye-tracking training

Effects of 12 weeks of head-down strong abdominal breathing on motor and cognitive performance during dual-tasking in patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease: Study protocol for a randomised controlled trial.

OBJECTIVE: Head-down training can affect behavioural and neurocognitive control while performing dual tasks (DT). Breathing training improves motor and cognitive performance in patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD). As a neurorehabilitation tool, functional near-infrared spectroscopy (fNIRS) has been demonstrated to be an effective method for detecting changes in brain activation during motor recovery, as well as monitoring patients' long-term progress during DT in motor and cognitive performance. However, no studies have examined the combined effect of head-down position

Cognitive rehabilitation following Traumatic Brain Injury: an international survey of current clinician practice.

PURPOSE: Clinicians were surveyed internationally to explore their cognitive rehabilitation practices including approaches, training and resource utilisation. MATERIALS AND METHODS: 606 clinicians of various disciplines and years of experience, from 45 countries, completed an online survey regarding their current cognitive rehabilitation practice. Data were analysed utilising descriptive statistics and qualitatively via content analysis. RESULTS: Clinicians most frequently employed external compensatory strategies (86%) and environmental adaptations and restructuring (87% using often/always)

Effects of working memory training on depressive symptoms: a systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials.

Working memory (WM) deficits are commonly observed across the depression spectrum and may represent a modifiable cognitive mechanism. This systematic review and meta-analysis evaluated the effects of WM training (WMT) on depressive symptoms and WM performance, and examined potential moderators and the association between WM gains and symptom change. Systematic searches of PsycINFO, Embase, and PubMed were conducted in December 2022 and updated in January 2025. Eligible studies were randomized controlled trials (RCTs) using WMT as the sole cognitive intervention with depressive symptoms as outc

Enhancing Cognitive Functions of Older Adults With Software Robot: Longitudinal Exploratory Field Study.

BACKGROUND: The global prevalence of dementia continues to rise and demands scalable, nonpharmacological interventions. Digital cognitive training has expanded, but many older adults, who have limited digital literacy, struggle to sustain use. We designed an intervention that integrates social interaction, reward-based engagement, and an artificial intelligence (AI) conversational agent, which aims to reduce these barriers and support continuous participation. OBJECTIVE: This study examined whether a 12-week digital cognitive training program improves cognitive function in older adults. It al…

The role of concentration the young gymnast performance.

BACKGROUND: In gymnastics, athletes may demonstrate strong technique yet make minor errors from lapses in focus. Others remain attentive but … uracy, and mental stability in both training and competition. Further research can explore specific cognitive training interventions to better understand the cognitive contribution to gymnastics performance.

Exercise as a Therapeutic Strategy to Improve Cerebrovascular Function and Cognition in Breast Cancer Survivors: A Scoping Review.

Breast cancer is the most diagnosed cancer globally. While the breast cancer prevalence continues to rise, so too do patient survival rates, thus resulting in a large survivor population. Up to 75% of this population report experiencing cancer-related cognitive impairment during their cancer journey, thus reducing their quality of survivorship. This review systematically evaluates the effect of physical activity and exercise training on cerebrovascular function and cognition in breast cancer survivors. Cross-sectional, intervention or observational studies that examined the effect of acute or

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… Participants in the AT group completed three 60 min sessions per week, comprising 30 min of cycling and 30 min of flexibility training, while the COG group completed cognitive training via NeuroActive ® cognition training software. … Feasibility of a combined aerobic and cognitive training intervention on cognitive function in cancer survivors: A pilot investigation. Pilot. Feasibility Stud. 2018;4:50. doi: 10.1186/s40814-018-0242-3. 95. …

The effects of working memory training on decision-making in collegiate basketball referees: a randomized controlled trial.

BACKGROUND: Collegiate basketball referees necessitate swift information processing and precise decision-making under duress, with working memory serving as a fundamental cognitive function. Investigations into cognitive training for referees are still few. METHODS: This randomised controlled trial investigated the impact of an 8-week working memory training program on decision-making among 28 collegiate basketball referees (ages 19-22), who were allocated to either an experimental group (n = 14) or a control group (n = 14). The accuracy of decision-making, response time, and working memory c…

Altering intergroup perceptions by altering prevailing mode of cognitive representation: "they look like people".

This article reports the results of 3 studies that attempted to alter the mode of cognitive representation by training with nonsocial targets and then examined subsequent intergroup perception. In each study, participants examined an array of drinking glasses while receiving training in exemplar or prototype cognitive representation. Participants then responded to written trait descriptions of people (Experiment 1), photographs of the faces of members of European ethnic groups (Experiment 2), and full-body photographs of indigenous people (Experiment 3). Compared with prototype training, exemp

A Personalized and Smartphone-Based Serious Gaming App Targeting Cognitive Impairments in Alcohol Use Disorder: Double-Blinded, Randomized Controlled Efficacy Trial Among Outpatients.

BACKGROUND: Alcohol use disorder (AUD) is associated with cognitive impairments that are known to affect the outcomes of conventional treatment. Digital cognitive training programs have been examined as a possible way of addressing these overlooked challenges. Existing findings regarding the efficacy of such training programs are divergent, and further studies are warranted to examine more engaging cognitive training programs using the latest technology. Smartphone-based training built upon the principles of serious gaming would not only increase the accessibility of the program, but it could …

Exploring Associations Between Hypoxia, Serum Erythropoietin, and Cognition in Patients With Mood Disorders and Healthy Individuals.

PURPOSE: Moderate repeated hypoxia (MRH) has shown neuroprotective and neuroplastic effects, partly mediated by erythropoietin (EPO) via hypoxia-inducible factors (HIFs). This study examined the effects of 3 weeks of daily 3.5-h normobaric hypoxia (12% O2) versus normoxia (20% O2) combined with cognitive training on oxygen saturation (SpO2), cerebral side effects, hematology (including EPO and brain-derived neurotrophic factor [BDNF]), and cognitive learning. We also assessed SpO2 associations with side effects, hematology, and learning outcomes, as well as potential clinical and demographic p…

Воздействие совместных мероприятий на популяризацию пожилых людей: систематический обзор и метаанализ.

Справочная информация/задачи: Сочетание учений с когнитивной подготовкой (комбинированное вмешательство) является стратегией борьбы с обусловленным возрастом когнитивным упадком; однако по-прежнему не ясно, какой из наиболее оптимальных видов упражнений необходим для максимального повышения нейрозащитного воздействия комбинированного вмешательства. Таким образом, цель этого систематического обзора и метаанализа (СРПД) состояла в том, чтобы сопоставить воздействие комбинированных мероприятий (активизация плюс когнитивная подготовка) с воздействием только физических упражнений на когнитивную фун

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Background/Objectives: Combining exercise with cognitive training (Combined Intervention) is a strategy against age-related cognitive decline; however, the best exercise type to maximize the neuroprotective effects of combined intervention remains unclear. Therefore, this systematic review and meta-analysis (SRMA) aimed to compare the effects of combined int…