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Mucosal Viruses in Myalgic Encephalomyelitis/Chronic Fatigue Syndrome: A Missing Piece of the Puzzle?

Myalgic encephalomyelitis/chronic fatigue syndrome (ME/CFS) is a debilitating chronic condition without a definitive aetiology, no reliable diagnostic test, and no proven effective treatment. Despite most patients reporting a post-viral onset of illness, findings to date are conflicting on whether a single virus or multiple viral triggers are involved. Most studies to date have focused on detecting viruses in blood and circulating immune cells with relatively few investigating the presence of viruses in mucosal sites. In this review, we propose that this represents a critical gap in understand…

Acute Disseminated Encephalomyelitis in Children and Adolescents: A Multicenter Retrospective Study of Relapse and Outcome.

ObjectivesTo evaluate the demographic, clinical, laboratory, and prognostic data of children with acute disseminated encephalomyelitis with respect to anti-myelin oligodendrocyte glycoprotein (MOG) antibody status.MethodsAcute disseminated encephalomyelitis patients (n = 245) from 24 centers followed up between 2010 and 2022 were evaluated retrospectively. The short- and long-term outcome characteristics (disease severity and course, clinical relapse, and recovery rates) were assessed. Incomplete clinical recovery was defined as modified Rankin Score ≥1 or the presence of epilepsy. Univariant …

A Case of Psoriasis Concurrently Complicated by Sacroiliitis and Myalgic Encephalomyelitis/Chronic Fatigue Syndrome.

Myalgic encephalomyelitis/chronic fatigue syndrome (ME/CFS) is a systemic chronic disorder characterized by persistent and unexplained severe fatigue. Recent population-based studies have revealed that patients with chronic inflammatory skin dermatoses, including psoriasis, are more likely to develop ME/CFS. Here, we report a case of psoriasis, whose exacerbation occurred concurrently with the development of sacroiliitis and the onset of ME/CFS. The pathogenesis of ME/CFS has not yet been fully elucidated, while inflammatory cytokines are involved in dysregulated interactions among the nervous…

Терапевтический потенциал кронассии в экспериментальном аутоиммунном энцефаломелите: понимание в Гликосфинголипидах и иммунитете уморального организма.

В настоящее время значительное внимание уделяется изучению механизмов, лежащих в основе развития множественных процессов склероза (МС), особенно факторов, связанных с юморальным иммунитетом, апоптозом и метаболизмом со сфинголипидом. Эти факторы играют ключевую роль в нейроинфламмации и нейродегенерации как на острых, так и на хронических стадиях заболевания. Цель этого исследования заключалась в изучении концентрации профламмальных цитокинов (IL-1β, IL-6 и TNFα) в плазме, однородности мозга и спинного мозга, сыворотки циркулирующих иммунных комплексов (CICs), апоптозного маркера APO-1/Fas, а

Совпадение в аннотации оригинала
Currently, significant attention is being paid to the study of the mechanisms underlying the development of multiple sclerosis (MS), especia … he apoptosis marker APO-1/Fas, and the content of glycosphingolipids during experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis (EAE) and its treatment. The therapeutic agent used in this study was Cronassial, which contains mono-, di-, and trisialylated gangliosides. Our results indicate the significant role of elevated proinflammatory cytokine levels in the pathogenesis of …

A New Variant of Avian Encephalomyelitis Virus Associated with Neurologic Signs in Turkey Poults.

Avian encephalomyelitis (AE) is a disease caused by the avian encephalomyelitis virus (AEV) of the genus Tremovirus in the family Picornaviridae. Recently, cases of turkey poults showing neurological signs were submitted to the veterinary diagnostic laboratories at South Dakota State University and the University of Minnesota. The affected birds were showing nervous neurological signs such as tremors, inability to stand, torticollis, and wing drop. Clinical signs were observed by 3 weeks of age. Necropsy of birds revealed no significant gross lesions in the internal organs, including the brain…

Myalgic encephalomyelitis/chronic fatigue syndrome and fibromyalgia are indistinguishable by their cerebrospinal fluid proteomes.

BACKGROUND: Myalgic Encephalomyelitis/Chronic Fatigue Syndrome (ME/CFS) and fibromyalgia have overlapping neurologic symptoms particularly disabling fatigue. This has given rise to the question whether they are distinct central nervous system (CNS) entities or is one an extension of the other. MATERIAL AND METHODS: To investigate this, we used unbiased quantitative mass spectrometry-based proteomics to examine the most proximal fluid to the brain, cerebrospinal fluid (CSF). This was to ascertain if the proteome profile of one was the same or different from the other. We examined two separate …

The role of plasmapheresis in severe acute disseminated encephalomyelitis with clinical findings of transverse myelitis.

INTRODUCTION: Acute disseminated encephalomyelitis is a rare acute demyelinating disease of the central nervous system (CNS). The pathogenesis remains unclear but is suspected to be autoimmune. High doses of methylprednisolone (HDMP) are currently considered standard of treatment. Plasmapheresis (PE) is typically given in steroid refractory cases. There is currently limited evidence supporting its use in ADEM. MATERIALS AND METHODS: We report a 16-year-old girl with ADEM who improved rapidly after initiating PE. RESULTS: The patient presented with acute onset of multifocal CNS symptoms, incl…

Prognostic factors for functional recovery in children with moderate to severe acute disseminated encephalomyelitis.

BACKGROUND: Acute disseminated encephalomyelitis (ADEM) is an immune-mediated encephalopathy with heterogeneous disease courses. However, clinical characteristics for a prognostication of functional recovery from acute episodes of ADEM remain limited. The study aims to characterize the clinical presentations and neuroimaging findings of children with poor functional recoveries from acute episodes of moderate to severe ADEM. METHODS: The multicenter retrospective cohort study included children under 18 years of age who presented with moderate to severe ADEM (modified Rankin Scale [mRS] ≥ 3 at …

Neurological disorders in COVID-19: a case of Acute Disseminated Encephalomyelitis in an adult patient.

Different neurological complications associated with the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus (SARS-CoV-2) infection have been widely documented. Acute disseminated encephalomyelitis (ADEM) is a rare immune-mediated demyelinating disorder, described within the spectrum of neurological manifestations of COVID-19. Herein, we describe a case of adult-ADEM presenting with diplopia and slowly progressive ataxia developed one month after SARS-CoV-2 infection. Brain magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) revealed acute multifocal demyelinating lesions throughout the brain. Other possible etiologie…

Progressive Encephalomyelitis with Rigidity and Myoclonus Treated with Rituximab: Case Report and Review of the Literature.

A woman in her 50s presented with hyper-religiosity, auditory hallucinations, episodes of staring associated with unresponsiveness and stiffening of her entire body. A broad workup excluded autoimmune encephalitis, sarcoidosis, and prion disease. She was diagnosed with PERM (progressive encephalomyelitis with rigidity and myoclonus) syndrome which was supported by elevated cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) autoantibodies against glutamic acid decarboxylase (GAD) glutamic acid decarboxylase. She responded to treatment with corticosteroids and weekly rituximab therapy over four weeks. PERM is an autoimm…

Acute disseminated encephalomyelitis in a patient with Noonan syndrome: A rare autoinflammatory complication or coincidence?

We describe a 13-years-old girl, previously diagnosed with PTPN11-associated Noonan Syndrome (NS), who presented to the pediatric emergency department for fever and drowsiness, which gradually worsened within 48 h. On admission, brain magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) scan showed diffuse, symmetric, multiple, poorly demarcated, confluent hyperintense lesions on MRI T2w-images, located in the Central Nervous System (CNS). In the absence of a better explanation and according to the current diagnostic criteria, a diagnosis of Acute Disseminated Encephalomyelitis (ADEM) was performed. The patient w…

Seronegative panencephalitis complicated by viral encephalomyelitis in a case of Good's syndrome - a neuropathological report.

BACKGROUND: The role of thymus in the immune cascade of the body is still under active clinical scrutiny. Meanwhile, there is an unravelling … astructurally. Although the distinction between seronegative autoimmune encephalitis versus a viral encephalomyelitis often blurs histologically, we speculated viral encephalomyelitis to have happened toward the latter part of his long illness. To our knowledge, this is a case of Good's syndrome presenting with seronegative autoimmune panencephalitis superimposed w …

Bilateral thalamic lesions in a patient with probable acute disseminating encephalomyelitis: a case report.

BACKGROUND: Bilateral thalamic lesions are rare. Here, we describe a case of probable acute disseminating encephalomyelitis (ADEM) with symmetrical bilateral thalamic lesions. CASE PRESENTATION: An 85-year-old man presented with weakness of the lower limbs and urinary retention for 1 day, soon followed by coma. He had an H1N1 influenza vaccination 3 months ago. A lumbar puncture showed positive oligoclonal bands and negative results for anti-AQP4 antibodies. A head MRI demonstrated focal symmetrical bilateral thalamic lesions. An MRI of the thoracic spinal cord showed longitudinally extensive…

Morphological and ultrastructural changes in Herpes simplex encephalomyelitis: an attempt to determinate the etiological factor.

Herpes simplex encephalomyelitis (HSE) is a rare disease with a high mortality rate. Correct diagnosis is established on the basis of the combination of the clinical and investigative features. Unfortunately, precise diagnosis remains difficult due to several clinical similarities and false negative or inconclusive results of diagnostic tests. Here, we present two cases of HSE together with the morphological and ultrastructural picture. The first case was a 45-year-old man with acute symptoms of encephalitis, and the other one was a 28-year-old woman presenting subacute encephalomyelitis. Both…

Profiling the microRNA signature of the peripheral sensory ganglia in experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis (EAE).

BACKGROUND: Multiple sclerosis is an autoimmune disease with a distinct female bias, as well as a high prevalence of neuropathic pain in both sexes. The dorsal root ganglia (DRG) contain the primary sensory neurons that give rise to pain, and damage to these neurons may lead to neuropathic pain. Here, we investigate the sex differences of the DRG transcriptome in a mouse model of MS. METHODS: Next-generation sequencing was used to establish RNA and microRNA profiles from the DRG of mice with MOG35-55-induced EAE, a model of CNS inflammation that mimics aspects of MS. Differential expression a

Genomic characterization and pathogenicity of a porcine hemagglutinating encephalomyelitis virus strain isolated in China.

Porcine hemagglutinating encephalomyelitis virus (PHEV) is a member of the genus betacoronavirus within the family coronaviridae, which invades the central nervous system (CNS) via peripheral nervous system and causes encephalomyelitis or vomiting and wasting disease (VWD) in sucking piglets. Up to now, although few complete nucleotide sequences of PHEV have been reported, they are not annotated. This study aimed to illuminate genome characterization, phylogenesis and pathogenicity of the PHEV/2008 strain. The full length of the PHEV/2008 strain genome was 30,684 bp, with a G + C content of 37…

[A case of acute disseminated encephalomyelitis concomitant with polyneuropathy associated with anti-lactosylceramide antibody].

We report a case of acute disseminated encephalomyelitis (ADEM) concomitant with polyneuropathy associated with anti-lactosylceramide antibody. A 68-year-old man was admitted to our hospital with ophthalmoparesis, bulbar palsy, tetraplegia after suffering from upper respiratory infection and headache. Subsequently, he developed respiratory failure requiring mechanical ventilation. Fluid-attenuated inversion recovery (FLAIR) MRI showed high intensities in the pons and medulla, and a nerve conduction study revealed motor-dominant axonal polyneuropathy. Although the laboratory tests revealed the …