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Current spectrum of malabsorption syndrome in adults in India.

AIM: Tropical sprue was considered to be the most important cause of malabsorption in adults in India. However, several reports indicate that celiac disease is now recognized more frequently. METHODS: We analyzed the clinical presentation, endoscopic and histological features of 94 consecutive patients (age >12 years) with chronic diarrhea and malabsorption syndrome. The spectrum of disease in these patients and features differentiating celiac disease and tropical sprue are reported here. RESULTS: Celiac disease (n = 61, 65%) was the most common cause of malabsorption followed by tropical sp…

Coccidioidomycosis in India: Report of a third imported case.

We describe the third fatal case of imported coccidioidomycosis in India in a 31-year-old mechanical engineer originally from Andhra Pradesh, India, who lived in Gwinner, North Dakota. He had traveled to Arizona in summer of 2006, where he drove tractors in a dusty environment at a tractor production facility near Phoenix, Arizona. He was human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) positive. Initially, he was treated in Fargo, North Dakota, in 2006, with liposomal amphotericin B followed by oral fluconazole. Antiretroviral treatment for HIV infection was started. He moved back to India and was admitted…

Cancer management in the twenty-first century in India.

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… Simple awareness about maintaining sexual hygiene will go a long way in preventing cervical cancer, which accounts for the majority of the female disease burden in rural India. … Cancer control programme in India: Challenges for the new millenium. Health Adm. 2005;17:10–3. …

Estimation of automobile emissions and control strategies in India.

Rapid, but unplanned urban development and the consequent urban sprawl coupled with economic growth have aggravated auto dependency in India over the last two decades. This has resulted in congestion and pollution in cities. The central and state governments have taken many ameliorative measures to reduce vehicular emissions. However, evolution of scientific methods for emission inventory is crucial. Therefore, an attempt has been made to estimate the emissions (running and start) from on-road vehicles in Chennai using IVE model in this paper. GPS was used to collect driving patterns. The esti…

Burden, differentials, and causes of child deaths in India.

OBJECTIVE: To review the current information on trends, burden, differentials, causes, and timing of under five (U5) child deaths in India. METHODS: We reviewed and analyzed data on child deaths in India from official government sources, reports, surveys, and from the published literature. The secondary analyses were carried out to provide additional insight. RESULTS: An estimated 1.84 million under 5 child deaths, including approx 1.44 million infant and 940,000 neonatal deaths occurred in India during 2007. More than 60% of these Under 5 child deaths occurred in 5 states: Uttar Pradesh (27…

Prevalence of fluorosis in an endemic village in central India.

Endemic fluorosis is an important public health problem in certain parts of the Durg district of Chhattisgarh. The aim of the study was to find out the prevalence of dental and skeletal fluorosis among the population and to assess the relation between drinking water fluoride level and prevalence of fluorosis. A cross-sectional survey was undertaken in Gureda Village, of the Durg district of Chhattisgarh state in October 2009. The survey covered 805 individuals - 362 males and 443 females. The prevalence of dental and skeletal fluorosis was assessed based on clinical examinations of individuals

Clinical and serological evaluation of Leptospirosis in Puducherry, India.

BACKGROUND: Leptospirosis is a zoonotic disease with a worldwide distribution. There is a paucity of available data about prevalence of this disease in Pondicherry. Our aim was to investigate the seropositivity rate of leptospirosis in suspected cases and also to identify the predominant serogroups present by performing Microscopic Agglutination Test (MAT). The other aim of this study was to compare the results of a commercially available IgM ELISA with that of MAT. METHODOLOGY: A total of 110 blood samples from patients suspected of leptospirosis were sent for diagnosis. These samples were s

Multisite study of cryptosporidiosis in children with diarrhea in India.

Cryptosporidium spp., a common cause of diarrhea in children, were investigated in the first multisite study in India. Diarrheal stools from hospitalized children aged <5 years from Delhi, Trichy, and Vellore were analyzed by microscopy, PCR-restriction fragment length polymorphism (RFLP), and/or sequencing at the small-subunit (SSU) rRNA and Cpgp40/15 loci for species determination and subgenotyping, respectively. Seventy of 2,579 (2.7%) children, 75% of whom were <2 years old, had cryptosporidial diarrhea as determined by microscopy. Genotyping and subgenotyping showed that Cryptosporidium h…

Cholera in India: an analysis of reports, 1997-2006.

OBJECTIVE: To more accurately define the annual incidence of cholera in India, believed to be higher than reported to the World Health Organization (WHO). METHODS: We searched the biomedical literature to extract data on the cases of cholera reported in India from 1997 to 2006 and compared the numbers found to those reported annually to WHO over the same period. The latter were obtained from WHO's annual summaries of reported cholera cases and National health profile 2006, published by India's Central Bureau of Health Intelligence. FINDINGS: Of India's 35 states or union territories, 21 repo…

Clinical characteristics of patients with ankylosing spondylitis in India.

This study focuses on describing full spectrum of clinical, laboratory, and radiological characterization of ankylosing spondylitis (AS) patients in India. Data on 70 consecutive AS patients, seen at the rheumatology clinic in India, was prospectively obtained using investigator-administered questionnaires. Diagnosis was made according to the modified New York criteria. The core set of variables selected by Assessment in AS International society were obtained. The differences in clinical characteristics based on presence or absence of peripheral arthritis, gender, and juvenile (JOAS) vs. adult…

Restrictive cardiomyopathy in India: the story of a vanishing mystery.

Endomyocardial fibrosis is the most common restrictive cardiomyopathy observed world wide. The disease occurs in its classical endemic form in the selected coastal belt in Kerala, India, affecting young people of lower socioeconomic families, and attracting worldwide attention. Geographical identification of high levels of cerium in the soil samples of this coastal belt generated a new "geochemical hypothesis" for endocardial injury. Endocardial calcification, a pathognomonic, but less common feature of the disease, may share the same pathobiology of vascular and valvar calcification occurring…

New steps in the control of canine rabies in India.

In India, about 20,000 people die of rabies every year. The dog is the main reservoir and transmitter of the disease. A pilot rabies control programme was launched in five Indian federal states in February, 2007. This initiative is led by the Animal Welfare Board of India (AWBI) federating many animal welfare organizations and the Ministry of Agriculture. It aims at creating a "Rabies Free India." The programme combines parenteral vaccination of accessible owned and stray dogs, spaying/neutering followed by parenteral vaccination and oral vaccination of inaccessible dogs. The freeze-dried vacc…

Allelic variants of DYX1C1 are not associated with dyslexia in India.

Dyslexia is a hereditary neurological disorder that manifests as an unexpected difficulty in learning to read despite adequate intelligence, education, and normal senses. The prevalence of dyslexia ranges from 3 to 15% of the school aged children. Many genetic studies indicated that loci on 6p21.3, 15q15-21, and 18p11.2 have been identified as promising candidate gene regions for dyslexia. Recently, it has been suggested that allelic variants of gene, DYX1C1 influence dyslexia. In the present study, exon 2 and 10 of DYX1C1 has been analyzed to verify whether these single nucleotide polymorphis

Outcome of meningomyelocele/lipomeningomyelocele in children of northern India.

OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the clinical profile, associated anomalies and surgical outcome of children with meningomyelocele (MMC)/lipomeningomyelocele. METHODS: Out of a total of 181 cases of spinal dysraphism treated at our Institute between 1996 and 2004, 102 (56.35%) cases of MMC/lipomeningomyelocele were analyzed retrospectively and prospectively. The clinical profile and radiological findings of these children were recorded. Craniospinal MRI was the essential investigation and was done as a management protocol at our Institute for these children. Eighty-two out of 102 (80.3%) cases had pure

What needs to be done for polio eradication in India?

Even if wild poliovirus persists in one country only, global polio eradication cannot be achieved, because of the risk of exportation of wild virus to other countries. Among the countries where polio cases are still occurring, India happens to be the largest country. India cannot become polio free unless Uttar Pradesh and Bihar become polio free. There was a quick decline in polio incidence in some states in India, while other states reported decline slowly, but, Uttar Pradesh and Bihar have never been polio free since the polio eradication programme was launched in 1995. Despite increase in n…