Результаты поиска

Multimodal approach to exploring neighbourhood and transportation dynamics in HIV care in Kenya: protocol.

BACKGROUND: HIV is a major health challenge in Kenya, where prevalence exceeds global averages. Achieving viral suppression depends on consistent adherence to antiretroviral therapy (ART), but individuals in neighbourhoods perceived as disorderly often show low self-efficacy for ART adherence. Despite the importance of neighbourhood dynamics in shaping health behaviours, this area is under-explored in low- and middle-income countries (LMICs), especially regarding transportation barriers. Grounded in Social-Ecological Theory (SET) and the 'Broken Windows' Theory (BWT), SET suggests that health …

Impacts of Climate Change and Adaptation Strategies on Maize Yield in Kenya and Northwest China.

Climate change poses growing risks to maize-based food systems, yet comparative evidence across climatically similar regions on different continents remains limited. This study compares climate change impacts and adaptation responses in rainfed maize systems in Nakuru County, Kenya, and Northwest China-two geographically distant but climatically similar regions. The CERES-Maize model (DSSAT v4.7), the latest version available when this study was conducted, was calibrated and validated using observed phenology and grain yield data (2005-2009) from Agricultural Meteorological Experimental Statio…

Cholera in Kenya: A scoping review of current research, evidence gaps and future directions.

Cholera remains a major public health challenge in Kenya, driven by environmental pollution, poor water, sanitation, and hygiene (WASH) facilities, weak monitoring systems, and climate effects. While there have been improvements in studying the disease, testing, monitoring, and environmental checks, the spread continues, especially in informal settlements, rural areas, and refugee camps. This review looked at 106 peer-reviewed studies published between 1979 and 2024. It aimed to describe the scope, progress, and gaps in cholera research in Kenya. Five databases, including Google Scholar, Web o…

Situation analysis of the social enterprises engaged in refractive error services delivery in Kenya.

AIM: To conduct a situational analysis of the social enterprises (SEs) engaged in refractive error services delivery in Kenya. METHODS: This was a sequential mixed method study conducted with commercial enterprises (CE), eye care professional's representatives from the Ministry of Health ophthalmic service unit and representatives from SEs. The study was undertaken in two phases with phase one aimed at identifying the SEs while phase two aimed at exploring the SEs. The participants were recruited purposively and through snowball sampling with data collected telephonically and through online G…

Отбор соев в Кении подкрепляется моделями многотраля и генотипного взаимодействия между окружающей средой.

Растущий глобальный спрос на соевые белки ведет к расширению культивирования в новые сельскохозяйственные границы. Кения продвигается вперед в разработке генотипов сои для выявления тех, которые лучше всего приспособлены к ее различным агроэкологическим условиям. Однако выбор генотипов с более высокими агрономическими характеристиками и высокой стабильностью остается ограниченным. В этом исследовании была проведена количественная оценка масштабов взаимодействия генотипа с окружающей средой (G×E) и отдельных генотипов с наилучшими показателями и стабильностью на основе многопутного подхода. Все

Совпадение в аннотации оригинала
The growing global demand for soybean protein is driving the expansion of cultivation into new agricultural frontiers. Kenya has been progressing in the development of soybean genotypes to identify those best adapted to its diverse agroecological conditions. However, the selection of genotypes with superior agronomic traits and high stability remains limited…

Implementing a surveillance and prevention program for post-caesarean surgical site infections in Kenya.

BACKGROUND: Surgical Site Infection (SSI) surveillance efforts in sub-Saharan Africa have largely been documented in research settings. Such programs need to be institutionalized within routine healthcare settings for sustainability. We evaluate the feasibility of setting up an SSI surveillance and prevention program within public settings in Kenya. METHODS: Facility infection prevention and control (IPC) committees were established, trained, and resourced on SSI surveillance and prevention in two large hospitals in Kenya. A surgical checklist and monitoring form assessing surgical care bundl…

Facility Readiness Assessment for Maternal Immunization: Results of Field Testing in Kenya and Bangladesh.

Recent COVID-19 vaccine experience in low- and middle-income countries has suggested many primary care settings are unprepared to administer … ed with indicators for key health service delivery domains for maternal immunization and piloted in Kenya and Bangladesh. Pilots were conducted from February to April 2022 in Kenya and January 2023 to June 2023 in Bangladesh. The tool proved feasible for administration via audit of records, facility equipment and operations, interview with officer-in-ch …

Cultural abdominal massage in pregnancy and obstetric outcomes in a sub-county hospital in Kenya.

OBJECTIVE: To determine the association between cultural abdominal massage (CAM) in pregnancy and adverse maternal and perinatal outcomes. METHODS: In this prospective cohort study, eligible term pregnant women who underwent CAM (exposed, n = 160) and those who did not undergo CAM (unexposed, n = 160) in the index pregnancy were enrolled during labor. Participants were followed up and immediate adverse maternal outcomes, including abruptio placenta, primary postpartum hemorrhage (PPH), uterine rupture, cesarean hysterectomy, admission to a high-dependency unit (HDU), and maternal death, and a

Human and vector behavioural determinants of malaria transmission in the Nandi highlands, western Kenya.

BACKGROUND: Malaria transmission, characterized by spatial and temporal heterogeneity and complex vector behaviours, persists in Kenya's highlands despite widespread use of long-lasting insecticidal nets (LLINs). The role of human activity in exposure risk remains underexplored. Identifying vulnerable times and locations is crucial for designing and optimizing targeted control strategies that address the intricate interplay between human activity and local vector behaviour that results in transmission. This study examined human-mosquito interactions in three different ecological settings in Na…

Nationwide variation of snakebite incidence in Kenya: Community surveys as an integrated NTD approach.

INTRODUCTION: Snakebite envenoming is a neglected tropical disease (NTD) of public health concern in Kenya. Its true burden remains elusive with an over-reliance on health facility-based data and geographically limited community surveys. This study aimed to generate data on snakebite burden in Kenyan communities and to capture the variation in incidence rate across the country by integrating snakebite incidence questions into nationwide Mass Drug Administration (MDA) campaigns for other NTDs. METHODS: A cross-sectional community survey was conducted, nested within MDA campaigns targeting trac…

Estimating the cost of and willingness to pay for providing the dapivirine ring for HIV prevention in Kenya.

BACKGROUND: As Kenya prepared to introduce the PrEP ring (a long-acting product used by women for HIV prevention), the need to understand the resources required became increasingly important. The aim of this study was to determine the costs and preferences of potential ring clients by conducting a normative cost analysis and a contingent valuation study (In the context of willingness to pay literature, "preference" is used to refer to an interest in a service or product with specified benefits). METHODS: The study incorporates two parts: 1) a normative costing to estimate potential costs of p…

Modelling policies to improve affordability and consumption of nutritious foods for complementary feeding in Kenya.

In Kenya 26% of children under age 5 experience stunted growth, 4% are wasted and 11% are underweight. In pregnant women, the prevalence of iron deficiency is 36% and iron-deficiency anaemia prevalence is 26%. Previous studies have identified affordability as a key barrier to the intake of nutrients, particularly from animal-source foods (ASFs). Thus, this study analyzes to what extent the affordability of ASF in Kenya can be improved. It focuses on four ASFs: eggs, milk, chicken and beef. Using a computable general equilibrium model, three policy simulations were undertaken to establish the i…

Gendered gaps to tuberculosis prevention and care in Kenya: a political economy analysis study.

BACKGROUND: Tuberculosis (TB) remains a public health concern in Kenya despite the massive global efforts towards ending TB. The impediments to TB prevention and care efforts include poor health systems, resource limitations and other sociopolitical contexts that inform policy and implementation. Notably, TB cases are much higher in men than women. Therefore, the political economy analysis (PEA) study provides in-depth contexts and understanding of the gender gaps to access and successful treatment for TB infection. DESIGN: PEA adopts a qualitative, in-depth approach through key informant int…

Ethnobotanical study of medicinal plants used by the people of Mosop, Nandi County in Kenya.

Background: Throughout the history, nature has provided mankind with most of their basic needs, which include food, shelter, medicine, clothes, flavours, scents as well as raw materials. Given that they are an integral part of cultural heritage, medicinal plants have played a significant role in human healthcare systems around the world. Investigating various biological resources for use as medicines requires ethnomedicinal studies. Methods: Data on utilization of ethnomedicinal plants from local healers in Kenya's Mosop Sub-County in Nandi County was documented through open-ended, semi-struct…

Associated Factors and Outcomes of Acute Kidney Injury in COVID-19 Patients in Kenya.

BACKGROUND: Corona Virus Disease 2019 (COVID-19), an infection caused by the SARS-CoV-2 virus, has been the largest global pandemic since th … ne the incidence, associated factors, and outcomes of AKI in patients hospitalized with COVID-19 in Kenya. METHODS: This retrospective cohort study included 1366 patients with confirmed COVID-19 illness hospitalized at the Aga Khan University Hospital in Nairobi, Kenya, between April 1, 2020 and October 31, 2021. Data were collected on age, sex, the se …

Understanding Women's Preferences for Prevention of Mother-to-Child HIV Transmission Services in Kenya.

BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVE: Understanding the preferences of women living with HIV (WLH) for the prevention of mother-to-child HIV transmission (PMTCT) services is important to ensure such services are person-centered. METHODS: From April to December 2022, we surveyed pregnant and postpartum WLH enrolled at five health facilities in western Kenya to understand their preferences for PMTCT services. WLH were stratified based on the timing of HIV diagnosis: known HIV-positive (KHP; before antenatal clinic [ANC] enrollment), newly HIV-positive (NHP; on/after ANC enrollment). Multivariable logistic …

The costs and financing needs of delivering Kenya's primary health care service package.

INTRODUCTION: For many Kenyans, high-quality primary health care (PHC) services remain unavailable, inaccessible, or unaffordable. To address these challenges, the Government of Kenya has committed to strengthening the country's PHC system by introducing a comprehensive package of PHC services and promoting the efficient use of existing resources through its primary care network approach. Our study estimated the costs of delivering PHC services in public sector facilities in seven sub-counties, comparing actual costs to normative costs of delivering Kenya's PHC package and determining the corr…

To adopt or adapt an existing neonatal core outcome set in Kenya: a study protocol.

BACKGROUND: Development and use of core outcome set(s) (COS) in research can reduce research wastage by ensuring that a minimum set of outcomes are always reported on. Neonatal morbidity and mortality are a big burden in low- and middle-income countries (LMICs). Research is continuously being undertaken to reduce this burden. Currently, there is no COS for neonatal research in LMICs but there exists one for neonatal research in high-income countries (HICs). OBJECTIVES: To determine outcomes that are useful for neonatal care in Kenya to inform whether an existing COS should be adopted or adapt…

Awareness and interventions to reduce dehydration in pregnant, postpartum women, and newborns in rural Kenya.

Extreme heat exposure is associated with adverse outcomes in pregnancy and has the potential to impact maternal, neonatal and child health for a lifetime. In an extremely hot climate, pregnant women face an increased risk of premature birth, stillbirth, low birth weight, congenital anomalies and pre-eclampsia. In low- and middle-income countries (LMICs), socio-demographic and behavioural practices may negatively affect body hydration during high temperatures. The possible causes and consequences of dehydration in the heat are poorly understood and have been little discussed in the literature.L

Gender-Responsive Design of Bacteriophage Products to Enhance Adoption by Chicken Keepers in Kenya.

Women and men keeping chickens in Kenya aspire to have a source of income, feed their families healthy food, and grow their businesses. Managing animal diseases and minimizing input costs enable their success. This study uses qualitative methods to recommend design opportunities for a veterinary product under development in Kenya that contains bacteriophages (phages) that target pathogenic Salmonella strains responsible for fowl typhoid, salmonellosis, and pullorum in chickens and foodborne illness in people. Our findings revealed the interplay between gender and two production systems: free-r…