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From the nephrologist's point of view: diversity of causes and clinical features of acute kidney injury.

Acute kidney injury (AKI) is a clinical syndrome with multiple entities. Although AKI implies renal damage, functional impairment or both, diagnosis is solely based on the functional parameters of serum creatinine and urine output. The latest definition was provided by the Kidney Disease Improving Global Outcomes (KDIGO) working group in 2012. Independent of the underlying disease, and even in the case of full recovery, AKI is associated with an increased morbidity and mortality. Awareness of the patient's individual risk profile and the diversity of causes and clinical features of AKI is pivo

The effects of 1 alpha,25-dihydroxyvitamin D(3) on matrix metalloproteinase and prostaglandin E(2) production by cells of the rheumatoid lesion.

INTRODUCTION: 1alpha,25-dihydroxyvitamin D(3)[1alpha,25(OH)(2)D(3)], the biologically active metabolite of vitamin D3, acts through an intra … in no observable pattern. VDR-positive cells were also observed in association with some cartilage-pannus junctions (the rheumatoid lesion). MMP production by RSFs in monolayer culture was not affected by treatment with 1alpha,25(OH)(2)D(3) alone, but when added simultaneously with IL-1beta the stimulation by IL-1beta was reduced from expected levels by …

Иммуномодулирующие свойства месенхимальных стволовых клеток и их внеклеточных везиков: потенциальные клинические применения в аутоиммунных заболеваниях.

Мезенхимальные стволовые клетки (МСЦ)/мезенхимические стромальные клетки и их внеклеточные везикли (ЭМ), в частности экзосомы, появились в качестве терапевтических кандидатов в регенеративной медицине в силу их многопотенции, низкой иммуногенности и обширных иммунодуляторных свойств. В настоящем описательном обзоре содержится сводная информация об иммуномодуляции МСЦ- и МСЦ-В и о ее потенциале в плане перевода на другие языки. four основные аутоиммунные заболевания: множественный склероз (МС), тип 1 - сахарный диабет (T1D), системный волшебный эриматоз (SLE) и ревматоидный артрит (RA).Механист

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… Within this tissue, abundant chemokines and pro-inflammatory factors promote inflammatory cell infiltration into the joints, contributing to pannus formation and synovial hyperplasia [ 162 ]. … Under the pro-inflammatory conditions present in RA, FLSs exhibit increased proliferation, reduced apoptosis, and increased expression of cytokines and chemokines, contributing to pannus formation [ 163 ]. …

Anemia in elderly patients admitted in the geriatric and medicine wards of S. S. hospital: A cross-sectional study.

INTRODUCTION: Regardless of its cause, anemia is a very prevalent condition linked to higher morbidity and a lower quality of life. The difficulties that result from anemia make it more severe, especially in the elderly population. Assessing the clinicopathological range of geriatric anemia, which frequently goes undiagnosed, is the aim of our study. MATERIAL AND METHOD: The present study is a prospective hospitalbased cross-sectional study conducted between July 2019 and January 2022. Total of 102 patients aged 60 years and above were included in the study. Detailed demographic, clinical, an

Role of T cells and cytokines in the pathogenesis of rheumatoid arthritis.

Rheumatoid arthritis (RA) is a long-term autoimmune disease. It causes persistent joint inflammation, aberrant tissue growth, and progressive joint deterioration. T cells have a key role in the onset of RA. They identify and trigger other immune cells, and produce inflammatory signals such as interleukin-6 (IL-6), interleukin-17 (IL-17), and tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α). Prolonged inflammation and tissue damage are caused by an imbalance between regulatory T cells (Tregs) and pro-inflammatory T helper 17 (Th17) cells. Additionally, the condition is exacerbated by uncontrolled cytokine netwo

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… Serum and synovial fluid levels of IL-6 are increased in rheumatoid arthritis (RA), where it plays a role in pannus development, synovial angiogenesis, and joint destruction. … Additionally, IL-6 works in conjunction with TNF-α and IL-1β to increase the production of VEGF, which promotes pannus vascularization [ 75 ]. …

The Role of Angiogenesis in Haemophilic Arthropathy: Where Do We Stand and Where Are We Going?

Haemophilia is an inherited bleeding disorder that can lead to degenerative joint arthropathy due to recurrent bleeding episodes affecting the musculoskeletal system of the patient. The cause of bleeding can be either traumatic or spontaneous. The pathogenesis of haemophilic arthropathy is unclear as many factors like iron, inflammatory cytokines, and angiogenic factors contribute to this process. Blood into joints can deteriorate the bone to such an extent that the patient experiences pain, reduction of the range of movement, and deformity of the joint, conditions that could have a great impa

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… Axna2 plays an important role in pannus formation in RA. …

Clinical and hematological evaluation of geriatric anemia.

BACKGROUND: Anemia in the elderly is a cause of concern. It is not merely physiological due to aging and requires appropriate evaluation. Anemia has a significant negative impact on cardiac function, cognition, sleep, frequent hospitalization, mobility, morbidity, and mortality. Anemia in the elderly is attributable to many causes: nutrient deficiencies, chronic inflammatory diseases, thyroid disorders, diabetes mellitus, gastrointestinal (GI) tumors and bleeding, chemotherapy-induced anemia, and drug-induced hemolysis. OBJECTIVES: We aimed to evaluate the clinical and hematological profile o

Early intervention in the treatment of rheumatoid arthritis: focus on tocilizumab.

Tocilizumab is a fully humanized monoclonal antibody against interleukin-6 receptors that was approved for the treatment of patients with rheumatoid arthritis (RA). Several lines of evidence, obtained both from conventional disease-modifying anti-rheumatic drugs (DMARDs) and tumor necrosis factor (TNF) inhibitors, have supported the concept of "window of opportunity" as showing that these therapies consistently work better in early disease as compared to established RA. This review addresses the question of whether a window of opportunity gained with conventional DMARDs and TNF inhibitors can

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… In a study by Nakahara et al, anti-IL-6 receptor antibody treatment was reported to decrease the serum VEGF levels. 32 Most recently, it has been demonstrated that IL-6 increases VEGF expression and inhibits Angiopoietin-1. 33 Since angiogenesis contributes not only to pannus formation but also bone …

Outcomes of arteriovenous access among cancer patients requiring chronic haemodialysis.

BackgroundThere are limited data focusing specifically on the types of arteriovenous (AV) access used and outcomes of AV access among cancer patients as a consequence of cancer. We aimed to describe outcomes of AV access among cancer patients requiring chronic haemodialysis, and also to compare outcomes between patients with and without cancer.MethodsIn this single-centre, retrospective, observational cohort study, 84 patients diagnosed with cancer before AV access placement were included; we analysed outcomes of AV access among these patients and compared these outcomes with our previous resu

Gallbladder крупногабаритная нейроэндокринная карцинома у пациента с множественной миеломой: отчет о деле и обзор литературы.

Большой нейроэндокринный карцинома (GB-LCNEC), крайне редкий патологический подтип желчного пузырька, характеризуется высокой агрессивностью и коварным наступлением, часто приводящим к плохому прогнозу и возникновению серьезных проблем в области клинического управления. В настоящем докладе представлен полный курс лечения пациента с диагнозом GB-LCNEC, осложненным активными Multieloma (MM), сопровождаемый систематическим обзором соответствующей литературы, опубликованной за последнее десятилетие. Предварительная съемка выявила желчный пузырь, который был патологически подтвержден в качестве GB-

Risk of percutaneous renal biopsy of native kidneys in the evaluation of acute kidney injury.

BackgroundPercutaneous renal biopsy (PRB) of native kidneys (NKs) to better understand and treat acute kidney injury (AKI) is being advocated, but little is known about the risk of complications.MethodsWe performed a retrospective study of PRB of NKs in 955 adults from 1991 to 2015 at an academic medical center with real-time ultrasound and automated biopsy needles. Patients undergoing PRB for evaluation of AKI (n = 160) were compared with 795 patients biopsied for other reasons (not-AKI) for postbiopsy complications [need for transfusion of packed red blood cells (PRBCs), an interventional ra

A Rare Case of Severe Pelvic Organ Prolapse with Massive Perineal Hernia in a Nulliparous Woman: A Case Report and Literature Review.

Background and Clinical Significance: Advanced pelvic organ prolapse (POP) associated with perineal herniation of pelvic and abdominal organs is a sporadic occurrence in gynaecological practice. Generally, POP affects up to 50% of multiparous women at some point during their lives. Advanced forms (grade III or IV) represent less than 10% of all cases, with severe grade IV prolapse occurring in fewer than 2% of patients. Case Presentation: We report the case of a 48-year-old nulliparous woman with no prior surgical history and no known medical conditions at presentation. The patient presented w

Ассоциация увеита с педиатрическими аутоиммунными заболеваниями на основе исследования TriNetX.

Расследовать риск увеита среди таких пациентов. В ретроспективном когортном исследовании использовалась база данных TriNetX и были приняты на работу педиатрические аутоиммунные пациенты, диагностированные в период с января 1st 2004 и декабрь 31st 2022. Неавтоиммунная группа была произвольно выбрана пациентами-контролями в разбивке по полу, возрасту и индексу года. Главным результатом этого является появление новых увеитов. 175,328 Пациенты педиатрии с аутоиммунными заболеваниями (средний возраст) 10.7 +/- 5.1 годы; 55.8% - женщины; 66.2% Белый) и 175,328 Пациенты педиатрии без аутоиммунных заб

Prevalence of anaemia and associated factors among geriatric population from rural Mangalore: a cross-sectional study.

BackgroundAnaemia is a major public health problem in all age groups. Anaemia in elderly individuals may result in several adverse health outcomes, including functional dependence and increased risk of therapeutic complications, falls, dementia, and death. Anaemia is often overlooked as symptoms such as weakness, fatigue, shortness of breath etc., are also associated with ageing. Hence, early detection of anaemia in elderly individuals is necessary to prevent delays in diagnosing potentially treatable conditions.MethodsThis community-based cross-sectional study aimed to estimate haemoglobin le

Acute Kidney Injury in Hospitalized Cancer Patients: Single-Centre Real-Life Analysis of Incidence and Clinical Impact.

Background: Acute kidney injury (AKI) is a frequent and clinically relevant complication in cancer patients, with highly variable incidence. AKI increases morbidity and mortality, prolongs hospitalization, and may limit access to oncologic therapies. This study evaluated the incidence, risk factors, and outcomes of AKI in hospitalized cancer patients. Methods: We retrospectively analyzed patients admitted between 1 January 2016 and 31 December 2019. Individuals with cancer were identified and categorized into three groups: hematologic malignancies, solid cancers with metastases, and solid canc

Декодирование связи между микроорганизмами и автоиммунизацией: многоаспектный обзор данных по конкретным патогенам, которые вызывают аутоиммунные заболевания.

Происхождение и прогрессирование аутоиммунных заболеваний (АИД) являются результатом совокупного воздействия генетической восприимчивости, дефектов иммунной реакции и экологических факторов. Среди них микроорганизмы, являющиеся ключевыми экологическими факторами, широко гипотезуют для того, чтобы сыграть свою роль в инициировании АИД, однако точная причинно-следственная связь еще не доказана. Цель этого обзора заключается в глубоком изучении ключевой роли конкретных микробных инфекций в инициировании АИД путем интеграции данных, полученных с помощью three - измерения: эпидемиологические исслед

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… The pathological features included synovial hyperplasia, pannus formation, and bone marrow edema, which closely resemble those of human RA. No erosive arthritis was observed in the control group that only received HSC transplantation without EBV inoculation [ 38 ]. …

Структурная основа для селективного метилирования 5-carboxymethoxyuridine В модификацию tRNA.

Постранарные модификации tRNA широко сохранены во всех сферах жизни. Особенно те из них, которые происходят в антикодоне, часто модифицируют эффективность перевода. Производственные показатели 5-hydroxyuridine конкретно встречаются в бактериальных тРНК, где 5-methoxyuridine и 5-carboxymethoxyuridine , являются основными видами бактерий с положительной и отрицательной массой, соответственно. В некоторых видах тРНК, 5- Карбоксиметоксиуридин может быть дополнительно метилирован CMOM для образования метилэстера. В этом докладе мы представляем рентгеновскую кристаллическую структуру Escherichia col

Использование нефротоксичных препаратов у взрослых, страдающих хроническим заболеванием почек, в рамках обычного лечения в Швеции и США.

Характеристика применения нефротоксичных препаратов у пациентов с хроническим заболеванием почек (CKD) G3-5 в обычном уходе. Мы изучали когорты взрослых с подтвержденным ККД G3-5 :: рутинная медицинская помощь 1 Январь 2016 до конца 31 декабрь 2018 В two [Stockholm CREAM, Стокгольм, Швеция (N = 57 880) и Geininger, PA, USA (N = 16 255] Мы оценили долю пациентов, получающих нефротоксичные препараты внутри 1 Год в целом и по базовой функции почек, ранжировали основных плательщиков и изучили связь между получением нефротоксичных лекарств и возрастом, сексом, СКД G-стадиями коморбиды и осведомленн

Antibody and aptamer-based therapies for osteoarthritis: Application of antibodies and promise of aptamers.

Osteoarthritis (OA) is a common degenerative inflammatory joint disease with progressive loss of articular cartilage that undermines patients' quality of life. There are no regulatory-approved, disease-modifying OA medications, despite a great deal of studies done to elucidate OA pathogenesis. Until now, OA pharmacological treatment focused mainly on generalized inhibition of inflammation and pain. Currently, monoclonal antibodies and nucleic-acid aptamers emerge as targeted therapies offering potential alternatives by addressing the complex challenges posed by OA, such as specifically reducin

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… responses involved in RA pathogenesis, exhibiting antiproliferative and antiangiogenic effects in a collagen-induced arthritis mouse model. 147 Another CTGF-specific aptamer, AptW2-1-39-PEG, developed using CTGF protein-based SELEX, not only enhanced diagnostic detection efficiency but also inhibited pannus …

Research progress on the clinical application and mechanism of iguratimod in the treatment of autoimmune diseases and rheumatic diseases.

Autoimmune diseases are affected by complex pathophysiology involving multiple cell types, cytokines, antibodies and mimicking factors. Different drugs are used to improve these autoimmune responses, including nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs), corticosteroids, antibodies, and small molecule drugs (DMARDs), which are prevalent clinically in the treatment of rheumatoid arthritis (RA), etc. However, low cost-effectiveness, reduced efficacy, adverse effects, and patient non-response are unattractive factors driving the development of new drugs such as iguratimod. As a new disease-modi

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… The basic pathological changes of RA include chronic synovitis, pannus, articular cartilage and bone destruction, which eventually lead to joint deformity and loss of function ( 74 – 76 ). … Then, the inflammation in the joint synovium continued to increase, many pannus formed in the joint cavity, the synoviocytes proliferated, and gradually developed into chronic inflammation; finally, the joint bone was destroyed and remodeled, resulting in joint deformity, and the patient’s prognosis …