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Revisiting feline urinary tract health: the role of diet and acidifying agents in urolith prevention and long-term cat health.

Urinary tract diseases are a common concern in domestic cats and a leading cause of veterinary visits. Urolithiasis is a major contributor to discomfort, clinical signs, and secondary complications, negatively impacting feline health and welfare. Diet is a manageable risk factor that can be leveraged in commercial formulations to support urinary tract health and reduce urolith risk, particularly struvite. Nutritional interventions primarily influence three interrelated determinants of urolith formation: urinary pH, urine solute concentrations, and crystallization potential. Controlled dietary …

URINARY OBSTRUCTION IN CAMELIDS AND ZOO RUMINANTS.

Ten cases of urolithiasis causing complete urinary obstruction were identified from male zoo animals in Canada, Europe, Australia, and South Africa: two Bactrian camels (Camelus bactrianus); two Ankole-Watusi (Bos taurus); and single cases in a dromedary camel (Camelus dromedarius); guanaco (Lama guanicoe); European bison (Bison bonasus); yak (Bos grunniens); scimitar-horned oryx (Oryx dammah); and common duiker (Sylvicapra grimmia). Age at presentation ranged from 15 mon to 16 yr; four of ten were castrated and six of ten intact. Of the ten reviewed cases, one animal was euthanized without at…

The significance of clinically insignificant residual fragments after percutaneous nephrolithotomy: an analysis into the relevance of complete stone clearance.

PURPOSE: After treatment for kidney stones, residual fragments with a diameter of ≤ 4 mm are traditionally referred to as 'clinically insignificant residual fragments'. We hypothesize that patients with these fragments are at an increased risk for stone-related morbidity, such as complaints, hydronephrosis, and stone regrowth, when compared to stone-free patients. This study aimed to investigate the relevance of complete stone clearance in surgical treatment of urolithiasis. METHODS: We conducted a single-center retrospective cohort study. Patients who underwent percutaneous nephrolithotomy b…

Disposable Ureteroscopes in Urology: Current State and Future Prospects.

Ureteroscopy is the most common surgical modality for stone treatment. Reusable flexible ureteroscopes are delicate instruments that require expensive maintenance and repairs. Multiple single use ureteroscopes have been developed recently to combat the expensive and time-intensive sterilization and repair of ureteroscopes. Although multiple studies have looked at different aspects of reusable and single use ureteroscopes, there is significant heterogeneity in performance measures and cost between the 2 categories, and neither has a clear advantage. Both can be used successfully, and individual

In Vitro Litholytic Effects of Three Chinese Herbal Extracts on Mixed-Type Urinary Calculi.

Objective To preliminarily investigate the litholytic effects of extracts from Lysimachiae Herba，Selaginellae Herba （Selaginella pulvinata）， … tically significant intergroup differences （P<0.001）. Conclusions Mixed-type calculi predominate in urolithiasis patients，with calcium oxalate/carbonate apatite being the most common subtype.Extracts of Lysimachiae Herba and Selaginellae Herba demonstrate superior in vitro litholytic effects on this mixed-type calculus subtype，suggesting their potential as the …

Linoleic Acid Enhances Renal Tubular Epithelial Cells Autophagy Caused by Calcium Oxalate Monohydrate Crystals.

High intake of dietary linoleic acid may increase the incidence of many diseases. The aim of this research is to examine the impact of linol … ROS and autophagy were tested. In vivo experiments were also carried out with a rat model for renal urolithiasis treated with linoleic acid. The results indicated that COM crystals promoted crystal deposition and apoptosis, increased levels of intracellular Ca2+ and ROS levels and inhibited the proliferation of HK-2 cells. Linoleic acid exacerbated the damage …

A case of early onset cystinuria in a 4-month-old girl.

Cystinuria is an autosomal recessive disorder characterized by a decrease in the reabsorption of cystine and dibasic amino acids (lysine, ornithine, and arginine) in the renal proximal tubule. It presents with recurrent urolithiasis. Cystinuria accounts for 6-8% of all pediatric urolithiasis. The age of onset is typically 10-30 years. Here, we report a case of early-onset cystinuria. A 4-month-old girl presented with hematuria. We noticed multiple renal calculi in ultrasonography and abdominal computerized tomography scans. The diagnosis was cystinuria with urinary calculus analysis and urinar…

High-salt diet promotes crystal deposition through hypertension in Dahl salt-sensitive rat model.

OBJECTIVES: To study the promotive effect of salt-induced hypertension on crystal deposition and urolithiasis using a salt-sensitive rat hypertension model. METHODS: Hyperoxaluria and hypercalciuria were induced in male Dahl salt-sensitive rats with administration of ethylene glycol and alfacalcidol. Hypertension was induced by a high-salt diet. Eplerenone, a selective mineralocorticoid receptor antagonist, was given. Blood and urine were collected to evaluate renal function, electrolytes and the blood renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system. Renal calcium content was also evaluated. Histologica…

Болезнь Лайма - необычная медицинская встреча уролога.

НЕЗАВИСИМЫЙ: Болезнь Лайма, называемая также , болезнь с тысячью лиц ("Великий Иммитатор"), потому что она может очень хорошо имитировать симптомы и признаки других заболеваний, является необычным медицинским знаком уролога. У каждого пациента с болезнью Лайма есть своя клиническая особенность, в то время как суперпозиция над неизвестной, но легко обнаруживаемой урологической болезнью может привести к неправильной диагностике. Представитель дела: мужчина, пациент А. П. был экстренным переводом в нашей клинике с многосистемной неисправностью органов. Мирж первого снимка, двусторонний обструктив

Совпадение в аннотации оригинала
UNLABELLED: Lyme disease also called ,,the illness with a thousand faces" ("The Great Imitator") because it may mimic very well the symptoms … inage, lead to the improvement of the patient status, and subsequent proper urological treatment to urolithiasis cure. CONCLUSIONS: This case identifies several challenges faced by practitioners, challenges which involve the diagnosis and the treatment of Lyme disease associated with urolithiasis. Although Lyme disease remains a controversial clinical entity, …

Chronic interstitial nephritis in an HIV type-1-infected patient receiving ritonavir-boosted atazanavir.

Here, we report a case of chronic granulomatous tubulo-interstitial nephritis related to atazanavir crystals in a HIV type-1-infected patient. Renal function in this patient was partially recovered after atazanavir withdrawal and steroid therapy. Many reports have described atazanavir-associated urolithiasis, but this is the first case that describes chronic granulomatous nephropathy.

Xanthogranulomatous pyelonephritis: report of four cases.

We report 4 patients with xanthogranulomatous pyelonephritis (diagnosed and treated between 1992 and 1996), aged 16 to 55 years (mean age 37 years). All had urolithiasis, pyonephrosis and nonfunctioning kidneys prior to surgical intervention, and underwent total nephrectomy. Clinical, laboratory and radiologic findings are discussed in the light of the cases reported in the literature.

Contemporary status of diagnostic endoluminal ultrasound and optical coherence tomography in the ureter.

OBJECTIVE: To evaluate via a review of published literature, the efficacy of endoluminal ultrasound (ELUS) and optical coherence tomography (OCT) in the following ureteric diseases: urolithiasis, upper tract urothelial carcinoma, stricture disease and pelvic-ureteric junction obstruction (PUJO). PATIENTS AND METHODS: Ureteric high-frequency ELUS provides 360° imaging, to a depth of 20 mm, and has been demonstrated to assess ureteric stricture length, degree of fibrosis and aetiology. OCT produces high-quality images with a penetration depth of 2 mm. ELUS has proven to be useful at the time of…

[Polyhydramnios, prematurity, dystrophy, polyuria, constipation, nephrocalcinosis and renal tumor: presentation of a classic tubulopathy].

BACKGROUND: A diagnostic workup of a renal mass will rarely lead to the diagnosis of a tubulopathy. We would like to stress the importance o … f Bartter syndrome. This diagnosis was substantiated by ultrasound findings of nephrocalcinosis and urolithiasis due to hypercalciuria and a renal abscess. Detection of mutations in the KCNJ1-gene confirmed the diagnosis. After unilateral nephrectomy for acute destructive nephritis and under medication with indomethacin and potassium citrate the patient is now …

MAG-EX study protocol: magnetic stent versus stent on extraction string in patients after ureteroscopy-a multi-centre randomised controlled trial.

BACKGROUND: Post-operative ureteric stents are commonly utilised after endoscopic intervention for urolithiasis to maintain ureteric patency due to the risks of post-operative ureteric obstruction from stone fragments, oedema or trauma from instrumentation. Unintended premature dislodgement and need for cystoscopic removal pose significant clinical and economic burden to the health care system. Alternative stents such as magnetic stents and stents on extraction strings (SOES) aim to reduce the need for removal under cystoscopy. There is a paucity of data in comparing these alternative stents d…

A novel PTRH2 missense mutation causing IMNEPD: a case report.

PTRH2 deficiency is associated with an extremely rare disease, infantile-onset multisystem neurologic, endocrine, and pancreatic disease (IMNEPD). We report the first Iranian patient with IMNEPD. We detected a pathogenic variant in the PTRH2 gene (NM_016077.5: c.68T > C, p.V23A). The proband has myopia, spastic diplegic cerebral palsy, urolithiasis, and a history of seizures.

Modified proximal perineal urethrostomy technique for treatment of urethral stricture in goats.

OBJECTIVE: To report a modified procedure for perineal urethrostomy (PU) in goats. STUDY DESIGN: Case series. ANIMALS: Adult castrated male pet goats (n = 11) that had recurrence of urinary tract obstruction after one or more surgical procedures for obstructive urolithiasis. METHODS: Medical records (May 2008-February 2011) of goats that had a modified proximal PU were reviewed for history, signalment, and intraoperative and postoperative complications. Follow up was obtained through clinical examination or by telephone interview of owners or referring veterinarians. RESULTS: Ten goats sur…

The use of ultrasonography in evaluating adults with febrile urinary tract infection.

BACKGROUND: Urinary tract infection (UTI) is a common disease. Controversy exists about the role of radiological evaluation in the patient w … patients recovered. Major abnormal sonograms were present in 17 (18%) of the patients. A history of urolithiasis and a duration of fever > or = 3 days after admission were statistically significant clinical parameters in predicting major abnormal sonogram. Although diabetes mellitus was not statistically significant in predicting major abnormal sonogram, diabe …

Pseudotuberculous Granulomatous Pyelitis.

We report a case of pseudotuberculous granulomatous pyelitis in an elderly female patient with hydronephrotic right kidney secondary to obstructing urinary stone. Pseudotuberculous granulomatous pyelitis is a rarely reported entity, characterized by severe granulomatous inflammation limited predominantly to the renal pelvis. It is associated with urinary (pelvicalyceal) obstruction, urolithiasis well as non- Mycobacterial urinary tract infection.

[The diagnosis and treatment of diseases of dystopic kidneys].

The analysis is presented of 64 surgical cases of affected dystopic kidneys. Of these, 34 had urolithiasis, 6 renal tumors, 10 hydronephrosis, 14 chronic pyelonephritis. The principal diagnostic facility was radionuclide renal scintigraphy. On deciding on the operative treatment, additional use of angiography, cystography and other methods is advisable. Diagnostic findings and treatment variants are described.

Management of the acute abdomen in pregnancy: a review.

PURPOSE OF REVIEW: The acute abdomen remains a challenge for all physicians who take part in the care of women in pregnancy. Obstetricians must be abreast of current topics, especially critical when having to consult other specialties for assistance in managing these conditions. RECENT FINDINGS: We will highlight recent observations in the literature concerning the ability to perform laparoscopy safely in pregnancy, the accuracy of diagnosing appendicitis, and new methods to accurately diagnose urolithiasis with less ionizing radiation effect on the fetus. Finally, with the proficiency of lap…