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Preparatory Alpha-band Modulations of Directed Information Transfer in Frontoparietal Circuits Support Adaptive Behavior.

Adaptive behavior is central to coping with dynamic environmental changes. Although functional neuroanatomical and neurophysiological consid … onnectivity analysis revealed overlapping alpha and theta clusters, highlighting their interplay in cognitive flexibility. Directed communication in a cortical alpha band network involving fronto-temporal, temporoparietal, occipital, and precentral activity clusters was critical when preparing for task switching. We observed a bidirectional information transfer across …

Association between central adiposity and cognitive domain function in recently postmenopausal women: an analysis from the KEEPS-Cog substudy of the Kronos Early Estrogen Preventive Study.

OBJECTIVE: To determine associations between central adiposity, cognitive function, and randomized menopausal hormone therapy (MHT) in a reanalysis of the Kronos Early Estrogen Prevention Study-Cognitive and Affective (KEEPS-Cog) sub-study participants. METHODS: KEEPS randomized 727 women (ages 42-58) who were <36 months postnatural menopause to oral conjugated equine estrogens (o-CEE), transdermal 17-β-estradiol (t-E2), or placebo for 48 months. Participants with diabetes, body mass index >35 kg/m 2 , coronary artery calcium score >50 Agatston Units, and other cardiometabolic disease risk in

The Influence of Physical Activity and Positive Affect on the Relationship between Pain Severity and Cognitive Performance in Women with Fibromyalgia.

Fibromyalgia, characterized by chronic pain and cognitive impairments, significantly impacts patients' quality of life. Physical exercise has been shown to improve cognitive functions and reduce pain severity. Additionally, positive affect enhances cognitive flexibility and facilitates better adaptation to chronic pain, suggesting that combining physical activity and positive affect could mitigate cognitive deficits in fibromyalgia patients. Objectives: The objective of this work is to explore the relationship between pain severity and cognitive performance through time spent doing moderate ph…

Brain-Heart Interactions and Optimizing Psychotherapy.

The present article examines how physiological systems impact on affect regulation, social engagement, and cognitive flexibility, three critical factors in psychotherapeutic success. The vagal system, associated with parasympathetic nervous activity and heart rate variability, provides an integration of brain, heart, gut, affective systems, cognitive performance, and social engagement. The author presents Stephen Porges' polyvagal theory, Julian Thayer's neurovisceral integration model, Kerstin Uvnas-Moberg's oxytocin/hormonal model, and Paul Gilbert's compassion focused therapy, as models for…

Working memory and postural control: adult age differences in potential for improvement, task priority, and dual tasking.

We investigate dynamic posture control and working memory (NBack) retest practice in young and older adults, focusing on older adults' potential for improvement in the component tasks but more importantly in dual-task performance. Participants performed the 2 tasks in 11 sessions under single- and dual-task conditions. Posture improvement was observed with retest practice for both groups. Increase in cognitive load after initial practice led to greater dual-task costs in both tasks in older adults and higher costs in memory in young adults. With continued practice, costs were reduced by both g

Functioning Management & Recovery - Resource Group, a psychoeducational intervention to improve empowerment of people with severe mental illness: a 12-month multicenter randomized control study.

AIM: Functioning Management and Recovery with the Resource Group (FM&R-GR) is a standardized Psychoeducational Intervention elaborated to im … ere assessed as primary outcome; furthermore, Psychopathological Status, Cognitive Functioning, and Cognitive Flexibility were assessed as secondary outcome. RESULTS: Fifty-nine individuals out of 60 (98.3%) started the study randomly allocated in the EG vs CG. In the EG, 19 people (32.2%) were affected by schizophrenia, 9 (15.2%) by bipolar I disorder with psychotic …

Когнитивные результаты в Myelin Oligendrocyte Glycoprotein-IgG по сравнению с множественным склерозом.

Мало что известно о когнитивных результатах у людей с заболеванием, связанным с миэлином олигодендроцитом (pwMOGAD). Несмотря на наличие сходства между MOGAD и множественным склерозом (MS), необходимо провести дополнительную оценку для определения различных когнитивных траекторий по каждой болезни. МЕТОДЫ: Ретроспективный анализ субъективных когнитивных изменений был проведен для взрослых PVMOGAD. Поднаборы PwMOGAD прошли когнитивный скрининг и/или комплексное нейропсихологическое тестирование. Их показатели сравнивались с возрастом, полом и расой, которые сравнивали людей с MS (pwMS; 3:1). Ре

Совпадение в аннотации оригинала
BACKGROUND: Little is known about cognitive outcomes in people with myelin oligodendrocyte glycoprotein-IgG associated disease (pwMOGAD). Wh … d better than pwMS on measures of visuomotor processing speed (β = -0.378, t = -2.68, p = 0.01) and cognitive flexibility (β = -0.33, t = -2.27, p = 0.03) after controlling for age, sex, race, education, and disease duration. CONCLUSIONS: Subjective cognitive complaints and objective cognitive deficits were common among pwMOGAD. Approximately one-third of pwMOGAD demo …

Attenuated Task-Related Changes of Heart-Brain Coupling During Cognitive Load in Post-Stroke Cognitive Impairment: An EEG-ECG Maximal Information Coefficient Study.

Evidence linking cardiovascular health to cognitive function suggests that interactions within the central autonomic network (CAN) may contribute to the development and progression of post-stroke cognitive impairment (PSCI). Heart-brain coupling (HBC) can serve as a readout of coordinated CAN function and offers a novel perspective for understanding PSCI. In this cross-sectional case-control study, we enrolled 16 patients with PSCI and 19 age-matched healthy controls and acquired simultaneous electroencephalography (EEG) and electrocardiography (ECG) recordings during resting state and a cogni

Mapping Cerebellar Connectivity to Cognition in Psychosis: Convergent Evidence From Functional Magnetic Resonance Imaging and Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation.

BACKGROUND: Cerebellar dysfunction is strongly implicated in both cognitive impairments and psychosis, and the cognitive dysmetria hypothesi … nectivity significantly predicted 3 cognitive functions, namely verbal ability, working memory, and cognitive flexibility. Verbal ability fully mediated the relationship between cerebellar connectivity and negative symptoms, in particular alogia. While each cognitive function was predicted by a distinct cerebellar connectivity pattern, the left crus I/II appeared to be …

Cognitive Outcome After Deep Brain Stimulation for Refractory Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder: A Systematic Review.

INTRODUCTION: Deep brain stimulation (DBS) is an effective treatment for refractory obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD). Neuropsychological … of DBS were observed in the domains of attention, memory, executive functioning, and in particular, cognitive flexibility. CONCLUSION: Although individual studies generally do not report cognitive deterioration after DBS for OCD, the variability of study designs and the multitude of cognitive measures used precluded a meta-analysis to confirm its safety and recognitio …

Former Training Relieves the Later Development of Behavioral Inflexibility in an Animal Model Overexpressing the Dopamine Transporter.

A range of dopamine-dominating neuropsychiatric disorders present with cognitive deficits. In accordance, the dopamine transporter overexpressing rat model (DAT-tg rat) displays cognitive deficits by means of behavioral inflexibility and learning disabilities. It remains to be investigated when cognitive deficits emerge, due to the inherent DA irregularities, during the life course of the DAT-tg rat and what may relieve symptoms. The Morris water maze (MWM) was used to assess cognitive abilities in three cohorts of DAT-tg rats. In the first cohort, the development of cognitive deficits was ass

Theory of Mind in multiple system atrophy: comparison with Parkinson's disease and healthy subjects.

Theory of Mind is defined as the ability to attribute mental state and emotions to other people and is relevant to social relationships. The … d similar performance to healthy subjects. Regression analysis revealed an association between poor cognitive flexibility and dysfunctional cognitive component of Theory of Mind. Deficit of cognitive and affective components of Theory of Mind occurred in MSA. Dysfunction of cognitive component was related to executive dysfunction (i.e. cognitive rigidity). These findin …

Immune-cognitive relationships across viral infections: A transnosological systematic review.

The emergence of SARS-CoV-2 has renewed interest in the relationship between immunity and cognition. Despite decades of work, the impact of viral exposure, mainly in the field of HIV, herpes and hepatitis infections, on distinct cognitive processes remains unclear, as most studies use global screening tools (e.g., MoCA) in isolation in each infectious context. This systematic narrative review adopts a transnosological approach, summarizing previously reported immune-cognition relationships across viral infections. Of 931 studies, 32 met inclusion criteria (N = 25,325) spanning SARS-CoV-2, HIV,

Early predictors of children's hostile attribution bias: Relational conflict, executive functions, and gender differences.

Hostile attribution bias (HAB) is a well-established predictor of aggression and related psychopathologies. Yet the early factors shaping it … n late childhood. Multi-group analyses revealed gender-differentiated pathways: among boys, one EF (cognitive flexibility) predicted lower HAB (β = -0.24); among girls, higher teacher-child conflict predicted higher HAB (β = 0.36). These findings refine social information processing theory by showing that relational inputs to children's social database are ecologically …

Social anxiety disorder in adolescence: How developmental cognitive neuroscience findings may shape understanding and interventions for psychopathology.

Social anxiety disorder represents a debilitating condition that has large adverse effects on the quality of social connections, educational achievement and wellbeing. Age-of-onset data suggests that early adolescence is a developmentally sensitive juncture for the onset of social anxiety. In this review, we highlight the potential of using a developmental cognitive neuroscience approach to understand (i) why there are normative increases in social worries in adolescence and (ii) how adolescence-associated changes may 'bring out' neuro-cognitive risk factors for social anxiety in a subset of i

Executive function and medical non-adherence: a different perspective.

Medical non-adherence is multifactorial: cost, convenience, side effect profile, and cognitive impairment are all implicated in medical nonadherence. We explore impaired executive function (EF) as a cause for medical non-adherence when other causes can be ruled out. EF describes the coordination and manipulation of higher-order cognitive processes involved in problem-solving, planning, and decision-making. EF has three components: working memory, mental flexibility, and inhibitory control. The latter, inhibitory control, when impaired will affect an individual's ability to make choices to prod

Chronic administration of heroin to mice produces up-regulation of brain apoptosis-related proteins and impairs spatial learning and memory.

Several studies open up the possibility that chronic exposure to opioid drugs in the CNS would interfere with learning and memory through a … a battery of sensorimotor tests. On the other hand, cognitive ability in the Morris water maze and cognitive flexibility-related performance were strongly impaired by chronic heroin. These effects were associated with up-regulation of pro-apoptotic proteins such as Fas, FasL and Bad, in the cortex and hippocampus, indicating the activation of both the death receptor a …

Inhibition of hippocampal function in mild cognitive impairment: targeting the cholinergic hypothesis.

Mild cognitive impairment (MCI) is a condition with an increased risk of developing Alzheimer's disease. Chief complaint and diagnostic criterion in subjects with mild cognitive impairment is memory failure. We hypothesized that cholinergic malfunction may underlie memory impairment in these subjects and applied a low dosage of an acetylcholinesterase inhibitor and modulator of nicotinic acetylcholine receptors, galantamine (4 mg bid), for 7 days. We used neuropsychological tests to investigate attention, cognitive flexibility, verbal and visual short-term and working memory, susceptibility to…

[The effectiveness of ambulatory occupational therapy measures for patients with schizophrenia].

This study evaluates the concept of occupational therapy for schizophrenic outpatients. Preliminary results from 18 patients suggest that occupational therapy for outpatients might contribute to an improvement in cognitive-adaptive functions and open up ways for further integration on the job market. The prognosis was favourable when the outset of occupational therapy was not equated with a rise in the level of professional adaptation and a certain approachability and flexibility were to be observed in cognitive, affective and intentional aspects among the chronic schizophrenic patients. With

Altered performance in attention tasks in patients with seasonal allergic rhinitis: seasonal dependency and association with disease characteristics.

BACKGROUND: Seasonal allergic rhinitis (SAR) is a chronic disease affecting about 23% of the European population with increasing prevalence rates. Beside classical symptoms (i.e., sneezing, nasal congestion), patients frequently complain about subjective impairments in cognitive functioning during periods of acute allergic inflammation. However, objective evidence for such deficits or the role of potential modulators and underlying mechanisms is limited. The present study aimed to investigate the effect of SAR on attention-related cognitive processes. In addition, relationships between attenti