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T cell-dependent survival of CD20+ and CD20- plasma cells in human secondary lymphoid tissue.

The signals mediating human plasma cell survival in vivo, particularly within secondary lymphoid tissue, are unclear. Human tonsils grafted into immunodeficient mice were therefore used to delineate the mechanisms promoting the survival of plasma cells. Tonsillar plasma cells were maintained within the grafts and the majority were nonproliferating, indicating a long-lived phenotype. A significant depletion of graft plasma cells was observed after anti-CD20 treatment, consistent with the expression of CD20 by most of the cells. Moreover, anti-CD52 treatment caused the complete loss of all graft…

Higher maturity and connective tissue association distinguish resident from recently generated human tonsil plasma cells.

Human plasma cells (PC) are present in cell suspensions obtained from the tonsil by mechanical disaggregation (PC(MECH)). The present study shows that a collagenase treatment of tonsillar debris remaining after mechanical disaggregation yielded similar proportions of PC (PC(COLL)). Moreover, PC(MECH) were present in suspensions highly enriched in germinal center cells whereas PC(COLL) contained most of the IgA-secreting cells, suggesting their predominant location in follicular and parafollicular areas and connective tissue-rich zones such as tonsil subepithelium, respectively. Tonsil PC(MECH)…

Immunoglobin G4-hepatopathy: association of immunoglobin G4-bearing plasma cells in liver with autoimmune pancreatitis.

Autoimmune pancreatitis (AIP) is characterized by high serum immunoglobin (Ig) G4 concentrations, lymphoplasmacytic inflammation, and a favo … 4 cases); some of the histological features coexisted in the same liver. The number of IgG4-bearing plasma cells was significantly higher in AIP patients than controls (P < 0.01), and was significantly correlated with serum IgG4 concentration (P = 0.0014, r = 0.709). Glucocorticoid therapy reduced IgG4-bearing plasma cell infiltration in the liver (P = 0.031) …

Acute respiratory distress syndrome due to pulmonary involvement by neoplastic plasma cells in multiple myeloma.

Pulmonary involvement with multiple myeloma occurs infrequently and may be difficult to distinguish from more common primary lung tumours, metastatic disease, or other pleural and parenchymal abnormalities. A patient who developed acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) was subsequently found to have multiple myeloma with involvement of lung parenchyma by neoplastic plasma cells. Only one other report of ARDS in association with multiple myeloma was found, and there are no previous reports where the appearance of ARDS antedated a diagnosis of multiple myeloma. In patients with ARDS, parench…

Junctional barrier complexes undergo major alterations during the plasma membrane transformation of uterine epithelial cells.

Junctions in the plasma membrane of uterine epithelial cells as well as between these cells and their extracellular environment are examined in this review to see if a synthetic appreciation of their role can be gained from the disparate evidence presently available. Major changes in most junctional components are noted during early pregnancy and the role of progesterone and oestrogen in promoting these changes is examined. In particular it is noted that while tight junctions become deeper and morphologically 'tighter' towards the time of implantation, other basolateral junctional structures a

Immunohistochemical examination on the localization of macrophages and plasma cells in induced rat periapical lesions.

To investigate the role of plasma cells and macrophages in the development of periapical lesions, we immunohistochemically examined the distribution of these inflammatory cells in experimental induced rat periapical lesions after pulpectomy. The number of ED1-positive mononuclear cells increased rapidly, reached a plateau which remained stable between days 10 and 60, and subsequently decreased. Immunoglobulin (Ig)-bearing plasma cells appeared after 60 days, and, of these, IgG-bearing plasma cells were predominant after 90 days. The radiographic and histopathological findings indicated the dev…

A murine cDNA encodes a pan-epithelial glycoprotein that is also expressed on plasma cells.

Using a subtractive cDNA approach, we have identified a number of genes expressed in murine plasmacytomas, but not B or pre-B lymphomas. One … RNA is highly expressed in normal murine tissues containing epithelial cells, and at a low level in plasma cells induced by LPS stimulation of spleen B lymphocytes. It is expressed in 15 of 16 plasmacytomas, but at a much lower level, if at all, in pre-B or B lymphomas. In human B cell lines, 289A detects a 1.5-kb mRNA in the myeloma cell line 8226, but not in …

The role of calmodulin in the responses to adrenocorticotropin of plasma membranes from adrenal cells.

Inhibitors of calmodulin [trifluoperazine, chlorpromazine, pimozide, and calmidazolium N-(6-aminohexyl)5-chloro-1-napthalenesulphonamide (W7)] and calmodulin antibodies were used to investigate the role of calmodulin in the response of Y-1 mouse adrenal cells to ACTH, with particular reference to events in the plasma membrane. In whole cells it was found that two responses (production of steroids and cAMP) to two stimulating agents (ACTH and forskolin) were inhibited by trifluoperazine at concentrations consistent with those involved in binding of the inhibitor to pure calmodulin (10-25 microM

Kinetics of IgA plasma cells in the intestine of NIH mice infected with Trichinella spiralis.

In uninfected mice, the percentage of IgA-containing cells labelled one day after a single injection of tritiated thymidine [( 3H] d Thd) was constant in the upper, middle and lower small intestine. In uninfected mice receiving an additional injection on the two preceding days there was about a threefold increase after the three injections indicating accumulation of labelled cells during the three day period. Five days after infection with Trichinella spiralis, the percentage of IgA cells labelled after a single injection of (3H)d Thd was increased at each site indicating increased division an

Plasma cells in aspirates of goitre and overt permanent hypothyroidism following subacute thyroiditis. Preliminary report.

The occurrence of permanent overt hypothyroidism (POH) following subacute thyroiditis (SAT) was studied in 103 patients during 11-142 months (mean 52.8 months). Increased amount of plasma cells in cytological pictures of goitre aspirates was found at the time of diagnosis of SAT in 25 cases (24.3%). POH developed in 11 patients (10.7%). Eight patients with high titres of circulating thyroid antibodies demonstrated also cytological characteristics of autoimmune thyroiditis (increased amount of plasma cells inclusively) at the time of the diagnosis of SAT. Early developing POH in these patients …

New protein kinase from plasma membrane of Ehrlich ascites tumor cells activated by natural polypeptides.

A polypeptide-dependent protein kinase was purified about 80-fold from an extract of plasma membranes of Ehrlich ascites tumor cells. The membranes were extracted with Nonidet P-40, and the extract was purified by ammonium sulfate fractionation and hydroxylapatite and affinity chromatography. The activity was stimulated 10-fold or more by polypeptide preparations from a variety of tissues, including placenta and hypothalamus. Polypeptide-dependent protein kinase had a pH optimum of about 7.5 and required Mg2+ for activity. Mn2+ at low concentrations (200 microM) stimulated enzyme activity some

Production of agglutinators and rheumatoid factors in plasma cells of rheumatoid and nonrheumatoid synovial tissues.

Immunohistochemical studies were performed in synovial tissues from 40 patients with rheumatoid arthritis (RA), 9 with juvenile rheumatoid a … ve RA and in 44% and 56% from seronegative RA and JRA patients, respectively. The percentage of IgG plasma cells synthesizing one or more of the 5 types of agglutinators studied was approximately 10% of plasma cells synthesizing IgG-RF. Intercellular and intracellular immune complex deposits were also found in patients with seropositive and seronegative RA and …

Fluorometric determinations of the relative immunoglobulin content of plasma cells of patients with monoclonal gammopathy.

The relative cytoplasmic immunoglobulin content of fixed plasma cells taken from the bone marrow of five patients with myeloma and five patients with benign monoclonal gammopathy was determined with a microscope fluorometer. In eight of the ten piasma cell populations studied, the distribution of the fluorescence intensities was close to normal. In three of these eight populations a significant difference in the variances of the heavy and light chain fluorescence intensities was found. Variances of heavy and light chain fluorescence intensities were smaller in patients with an immunoglobulin A…

Changing lanes: extending CAR T-cell therapy to high-risk plasma cell dyscrasias.

Chimeric antigen receptor (CAR) cellular therapies have advanced outcomes in challenging hematologic malignancies like leukemia, lymphoma, a … therapy. Despite the promise of a shorter course of therapy, CAR T-cell therapies directed against plasma cells have not been rigorously investigated in patients with AL amyloidosis or PCL; most trials of MM have excluded these patients. Herein, we describe current treatment paradigms for AL amyloidosis and PCL and review the evidence for CAR T-cell therapies …

The exploration of B cell maturation antigen expression in plasma cell dyscrasias beyond multiple myeloma.

BACKGROUND: B cell maturation antigen (BCMA) targeted immunotherapies have demonstrated remarkable clinical efficacy in multiple myeloma (MM). Here, we evaluated the BCMA expression in MM and other plasma cell dyscrasias (PCDs), hoping to provide a potential treatment strategy for the relapsed/refractory PCDs besides MM. METHODS: From January 2018 to August 2021, 377 patients with PCDs were enrolled in this study, including 334 MM, 21 systemic light chain amyloidosis (AL), 5 POEMS syndrome, 14 monoclonal gammopathy of undetermined significance (MGUS), and three monoclonal gammopathy of renal

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… It has been reported to be exclusively expressed by plasma cells and mature B lymphocytes [ 1 – 4 ]. There is an increased expression of BCMA in the malignant plasma cells compared with normal plasma cells [ 5 ]. … Plasma cell dyscrasias (PCDs) are a group of heterogeneous disorders characterized by the proliferation of monoclonal plasma cells. …

Increased complexity of t(11;14) rearrangements in plasma cell neoplasms compared with mantle cell lymphoma.

Plasma cell neoplasms (PCN) and mantle cell lymphoma (MCL) can both harbor t(11;14)(q13;q32) (CCND1/IGH), usually resulting in cyclin D1 ove … h MCL, suggesting possible differences in the genomic mechanisms underlying these rearrangements in plasma cells compared with B cells.

Monoclonal plasma cell infiltrates in the setting of cutaneous follicular helper T cell lymphoproliferative disorders.

There is a growing recognition that some primary cutaneous T cell lymphomas of the skin exhibit a follicular helper T cell phenotype best exemplified by primary cutaneous CD4+ small/medium sized pleomorphic T cell lymphoma. The follicular helper T cells is an evolutionary function in a common TH1 cell under the influence of other cell types most notably monocyte derived dendritic cells but also plasma cells. In addition, the skin defines a characteristic organ site of involvement for angioimmunoblastic T-cell lymphoma (AITL); the first recognized form of follicular helper T cell lymphoma. One …

Integrative single-cell and cell-free plasma RNA transcriptomics elucidates placental cellular dynamics.

The human placenta is a dynamic and heterogeneous organ critical in the establishment of the fetomaternal interface and the maintenance of gestational well-being. It is also the major source of cell-free fetal nucleic acids in the maternal circulation. Placental dysfunction contributes to significant complications, such as preeclampsia, a potentially lethal hypertensive disorder during pregnancy. Previous studies have identified significant changes in the expression profiles of preeclamptic placentas using whole-tissue analysis. Moreover, studies have shown increased levels of targeted RNA tra

Angioimmunoblastic T-cell lymphoma with coexisting plasma cell myeloma: a case report and review of the literature.

Angioimmunoblastic T-cell lymphoma (AITL) is recognized as a distinct clinicopathological subtype of peripheral T-cell lymphomas. Its clinic … rom a coexisting plasma cell myeloma, as judged by monoclonal immunoglobulin in the serum, immature plasma cells, and rearrangement of the immunoglobulin heavy-chain (IgH) gene in the bone marrow. The patient received two courses of the chemotherapy but died of pneumonia 6 months after diagnosis. AITL can be accompanied by polyclonal or clonal proliferation of …

Outreach monitoring service for patients with indolent B-cell and plasma cell disorders: a UK experience.

Disease progression occurs in over 1% of monoclonal gammopathy of undetermined significance, monoclonal B-cell lymphocytosis and early stage chronic lymphocytic leukaemia patients every year therefore regular monitoring is indicated. We assessed the efficacy of an outreach service to replace clinic monitoring using local phlebotomy with central haematologist review of laboratory parameters and symptoms identified by a patient self-assessment questionnaire. The service was used by 299 patients for 2 years and provided accurate monitoring, improved patient satisfaction, support for primary care