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Theoretical study of the decomposition of formamide in the presence of water molecules.

Formamide (NH2CHO, FM) has been considered an active key precursor in prebiotic chemistry on early Earth. Under certain conditions such as dry lagoons, FM can decompose to produce reactants that lead to formation of more complex biomolecules. Specifically, FM decomposition follows many reactive channels producing small molecules such as H2, CO, H2O, HCN, HNC, NH3, and HNCO with comparable energy barriers in the range of 73-82 kcal/mol. Due to the likely presence of water on prebiotic Earth and the intrinsic presence of water following FM decomposition, we explore the effects of water oligomers

Lactobacillus fermentum CECT 5716 is safe and well tolerated in infants of 1-6 months of age: a randomized controlled trial.

The objective of the study was to evaluate the safety and tolerance of an infant formula supplemented with Lactobacillus fermentum CECT5716, a probiotic strain isolated from breast milk, in infants of 1-6 months of age. A randomized double blinded controlled study including healthy infants was conducted. One month aged infants received a prebiotic infant formula supplemented with L. fermentum (experimental group) or the same formula without the probiotic strain (control group) for 5 months. The primary outcome of the study was average daily weight gain between baseline and 4 months of age. Sec

Targeting gut microbiota dysbiosis in inflammatory bowel disease: a systematic review of current evidence.

INTRODUCTION: The dysbiosis of the gut microbiota has been identified as a central factor in the pathogenesis of inflammatory bowel disease … base, Cochrane, Web of Science, Scopus, and Google Scholar-we scrutinized the impact of probiotics, prebiotics, synbiotics, and fecal microbiota transplantation (FMT) on individuals with IBD. Our detailed analysis covered study and participant demographics, along with seven key outcome measures: disease activity index, inflammatory markers, serum cytokines, …

Can diets alleviate constipation and promote bowel movement? Exploring the underlying mechanisms of effects.

Constipation is a common gastrointestinal disorder with a significant impact on quality of life. Diets play an important role as a modifiable lifestyle factor that can affect the onset and progression of constipation. This review examines the effects and mechanisms of multiple dietary patterns, including a high-fat diet, Mediterranean diet, fiber-rich diet, and plant-based diet, on constipation, microecological agents (probiotics, prebiotics, and synbiotics), and bioactive compounds (polysaccharides and polyphenols). In summary, the Mediterranean and plant-based diets can reduce the risk of co…

Dietary management of functional constipation in disorders of gut-brain interaction - A scoping review.

BACKGROUND: Functional constipation is one of the most prevalent disorders of gut-brain interaction, but available dietary interventions hav … er a range of dietary domains including fibre supplementation (n = 15), microbiome modulation using prebiotics, probiotics or synbiotics (n = 26), functional foods (n = 10), fluid intake (n = 6) and other dietary approaches (n = 7). Fiber supplementation with psyllium is the current strongest dietary recommendation, with emerging strong evidence backing func …

Effects of garlic-derived fructan and oligofructose mixtures on intestinal health and constipation relief in mice.

BACKGROUND: Garlic polysaccharides (GPs) constitute over 75% of the dry weight of garlic. They are characterized by fructan with a 2,1-β-d-Fruf backbone and 2,6-β-d-Fruf branches. Studies have suggested a role for GPs in regulating gut microbiota but whether they possess a comprehensive function in maintaining intestinal well-being and can serve as effective prebiotics remains unknown. To explore this, varied doses of GPs (1.25-5.0 g kg-1 body weight) and inulin (as a positive control) were administered to Kunming mice via gavage, and their effects on the intestinal epithelial, chemical, and b…

Inflammatory disease processes and interactions with nutrition.

Inflammation is a stereotypical physiological response to infections and tissue injury; it initiates pathogen killing as well as tissue repa … ietary components including long chain omega-3 fatty acids, antioxidant vitamins, plant flavonoids, prebiotics and probiotics have the potential to modulate predisposition to chronic inflammatory conditions and may have a role in their therapy. These components act through a variety of mechanisms including decreasing inflammatory mediator production through …

Short-term synbiotic supplementation and intrahepatic triglyceride content assessed by proton MR spectroscopy: a pilot study.

BACKGROUND: Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD), recently redefined as metabolic dysfunction-associated steatotic liver disease (MASLD), is strongly linked to obesity, insulin resistance, and metabolic syndrome. Alterations in gut microbiota have been implicated in its pathogenesis, and synbiotic therapies combining probiotics and prebiotics have gained interest as potential treatment strategies. OBJECTIVE: To investigate the effects of 3-month synbiotic supplementation on intrahepatic triglyceride (IHTG) content as the primary outcome, along with biochemical parameters, in patients wit…

From Plate to Mind: Scientific Perspectives on Foods That May Influence Anxiety and Depression.

Background: Nutritional psychiatry increasingly links diet quality and specific bioactive nutrients to depression and anxiety outcomes. Mech … eviews indexed in PubMed, Scopus and Web of Science, selected for relevance to omega-3s, probiotics/prebiotics, dietary patterns, and micronutrients (folate/B-vitamins, vitamin D, magnesium, zinc, and vitamin C/copper pathways). Results: RCT and meta-analytic evidence suggest modest benefits of omega-3 supplementation for anxiety severity and depressive symp …

Therapeutic modulation of the gut-brain axis in alcohol use disorder: A systematic review.

BACKGROUND: Alcohol Use Disorder (AUD) involves gut-brain axis dysfunction. Modulating microbiota offers a promising therapeutic strategy. METHODS: Clinical trials on fecal microbiota transplant (FMT), prebiotics (inulin), probiotics, and neurohormonal agents like glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1) and ghrelin receptor antagonists) were identified through PubMed, Google Scholar, Scopus, and ClinicalTrials.gov (until 07/31/2026). Of the eleven included studies, five identified gut dysbiosis as a common feature in individuals with AUD. RESULTS: Gut dysbiosis-directed interventions were associated…

Microbiome-based therapeutics for metabolic disorders: harnessing microbial intrusions for treatment.

The rising global rates of metabolic disorders, such as obesity, type 2 diabetes, non-alcoholic fatty liver disease, and metabolic syndrome, … to the potential of treatments based on microbiome for metabolic syndromes, focusing on probiotics, prebiotics, synbiotics, and postbiotics. It also encompasses innovative methods such as engineered microbial consortium, fecal microbiota transplantation (FMT), and vaginal microbiota transplantation (VMT). Probiotics show significant promise in improving bloo …

Микробиота-Гут-Брэйн: новые горизонты в неврологических и нейропсихиатрических расстройствах.

ВВЕДЕНИЕ: Ось микробиота-гут-мозгов (MMBA), которая представляет собой сложную двустороннюю связь между кишечной микробиотой и мозгом, стала ключевым регулятором неврологических и нейропсихиатрических расстройств. Неврологические расстройства и кишечный микробиотический дисбиоз связаны с этими заболеваниями. Изменения в кишечной микробиоте могут привести к дисбалансам в нейротрансмиттере, окислительному стрессу и нейроинфламму. Гут дисбиоз может способствовать развитию таких заболеваний, как депрессия, аутизм, шизофрения, биполярное расстройство, болезнь Паркинсона, болезнь Альцгеймера, слабоу

Совпадение в аннотации оригинала
INTRODUCTION: The microbiota-gut-brain axis (MGBA), a complex two-way connection between the gut microbiota and the brain, has become a key … potential of microbiome-targeted treatments like fecal microbiota transplantation, probiotics, and prebiotics as effective treatment methods. The comprehension of the MGBA can revolutionize neurology and psychiatry, introducing innovative diagnostic and therapeutic approaches. Multiple elements, including diet, metabolism, age, stress, and medications, shap …

Functional Abdominal Bloating and Gut Microbiota: An Update.

(1) Background: Functional abdominal bloating and distension (FAB/FAD) are common disorders of the gut-brain interaction. Their physiopathol … sing solution for better management of FAB/FAD. Targeted approaches, such as the use of probiotics, prebiotics, antibiotics such as rifaximin or dietary modifications, may hold the key to alleviating symptoms. Other therapeutic options, such as diet, neuromodulators, and brain-gut behavioral therapies (i.e., cognitive-behavioral therapy) have shown promising …

A study on the effect of symbiotic fermented milk products on human gastrointestinal health: Double-blind randomized controlled clinical trial.

Several studies have claimed that the consumption of fermented dairy products can improve human gastrointestinal (GI) health. However, the numbers of systematic clinic trials are limited. In this study, a yogurt containing both probiotics and prebiotics was developed and a double-blind randomized controlled clinical trial was carried out to evaluate the effect of the product on human gastrointestinal health in three different aspects: (1) the effect on functional constipation (FC) and functional diarrhea (FD); (2) the effect on gastrointestinal (GI) tract immune system; and (3) the changes in …

Perioperative synbiotics decrease postoperative complications in periampullary neoplasms: a randomized, double-blind clinical trial.

Periampullary neoplasms are rapidly progressive tumors with a poor prognosis and high morbidity and mortality rates, which have a negative influence on patient outcomes. Some probiotics and prebiotics have the ability to protect the intestinal barrier and prevent bacterial translocation, infection, and postoperative complications. We evaluated the use of synbiotics in a prospective, double-blind study of patients undergoing surgery for periampullary neoplasms (PNs) and assessed the effect of these agents on nutritional status, postoperative complications, antibiotic use, length of hospital sta…

Short chain fatty acids exchange: Is the cirrhotic, dysfunctional liver still able to clear them?

BACKGROUND & AIMS: Prebiotics are increasingly used to improve gut integrity. A presumed mechanism of their beneficial action is the synthesis of short chain fatty acids (SCFA: acetate, propionate and butyrate). High systemic concentrations of propionate and butyrate are toxic and can adversely affect the patient. In physiological situations the liver uses propionate and butyrate for energy metabolism. The aim of the present study was to investigate to which extent patients with liver cirrhosis are still able to metabolize portal derived SCFA in the liver. METHODS: Twelve patients with liver …

Synbiotic control of inflammation and infection in severe acute pancreatitis: a prospective, randomized, double blind study.

BACKGROUND/AIMS: Experimental and clinical studies demonstrated that probiotics containing lactobacilli significantly improve the outcome of … roup of patients received four different lactobacilli preparations with 1010 CFU, respectively, and prebiotics containing four bioactive fibers (inulin, beta-glucan, resistant starch and pectin) in addition. Patients in the second (control) group received only prebiotics. RESULTS: 62 patients with severe acute pancreatitis completed the study. Altogether 8 …

Modulation of the gut microbiome and resistome by antibiotic use, but not by subsequent 2'-fucosyllactose intake, in adults with overweight or obesity.

Antibiotics are widely used to treat bacterial infections, yet overuse and misuse causes disruption of the gut microbiome and spread of antibiotic-resistant bacteria. Presence of antibiotic resistance genes (ARGs) could be a determinant of the response to antibiotics. Supplementation with prebiotics may limit the detrimental antibiotic-induced effects on the microbiome, but whether this results in changes in the gut resistome is unclear. This study investigated the impact of eight-week 2'-fucosyllactose (2'-FL) supplementation after seven-day vancomycin use in 18 adults with overweight/obesity…

Agrocybe cylindracea polysaccharides and polysaccharides-conditioned fecal microbiota transplantation similarly restore ciprofloxacin-induced microbial dysbiosis and improve intestinal barrier function: a comparative study.

INTRODUCTION: Mushroom consumption has been associated with various health benefits due to their recognized nutritional value. This study examines the ability of Agrocybe cylindracea polysaccharides (ACP) to reverse antibiotic-induced intestinal dysbiosis and evaluates their prebiotic potential in mitigating antibiotic-associated diarrhea. METHODS: Male BALB/c mice aged 4-5 weeks were divided into five groups: normal control, ciprofloxacin (CIP)-treated, natural recovery, ACP treatment, and ACP-derived fecal microbiota transplantation (ACP-FMT). All intervention groups received CIP for 14 day

Colon-targeted alginate/chitosan microspheres for co-delivery of synbiotics and nanozymes ameliorate inflammatory bowel disease.

Inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) is closely associated with gut dysbiosis and immune imbalance. Synbiotics, combining probiotics and prebiotics, represent a promising dietary strategy; however, their therapeutic efficacy is often limited by poor gastrointestinal stability and insufficient colon delivery. In this study, we developed a colon-targeted delivery system based on alginate/chitosan microspheres for the co-delivery of L. acidophilus, prebiotic stachyose, and a redox-active component. The formulated system exhibited excellent stability under simulated gastrointestinal conditions and eff…