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Exceptional Bluetongue Epidemic Caused by Co-Circulation of Several Serotypes in Spain in 2024.

Bluetongue (BT) is an infectious, non-contagious, arthropod-borne viral disease of ruminants, and has a severe impact on livestock. It is caused by Bluetongue virus (BTV), a double-stranded (ds) RNA virus with a segmented genome (10 segments), belonging to the Seoreoviridae family, Orbivirus genus. Over the last 25 years, Europe has suffered multiple incursions of different BTV serotypes with serious consequences, which have mainly been controlled thanks to vaccination. In the case of Spain, from 2000 to 2023, BTV serotypes 1, 2, 4 and 8 have caused epidemics, and, sporadically, BTV-1 and -4 w

Serotypes associated with invasive pneumococcal disease high-risk groups: a systematic review.

This systematic review aimed to establish if higher-valent conjugate vaccines will provide significantly higher coverage and protection in high-risk groups than the 13-valent pneumococcal conjugate vaccine (PCV13). The PubMed, Science Direct, and Google Scholar search engines were searched for original articles that reported on the type of study, period of the study, high-risk group(s) involved, specimens collected, number of isolates, frequency of serotyped isolates, and serotypes/serogroups of isolates for inclusion. Data from 14 studies based in seven countries, and 789 serotyped/serogroupe

Investigation of the Tyrosine Phosphatase Activity of Cps2D From Streptococcus suis Serotype 2.

Streptococcus suis serotype 2 (S. suis 2) is an important zoonotic pathogen, with its capsular polysaccharide (CPS) serving as a key virulence factor. However, the regulatory mechanisms of CPS biosynthesis remain unclear. This study aimed to prepare and characterize the capsular synthesis regulatory factor Cps2D from S. suis 2 and investigate its enzymatic activity. Bioinformatics analysis using ProtParam and Alpha Fold revealed Cps2D as a hydrophilic, stable protein of 242 amino acids, with a molecular weight of 28 kDa and a pI of 8.69. It was annotated as a tyrosine protein phosphatase, prim

Molecular Epidemiology and Co-Circulation of Foot-and-Mouth Disease Serotypes in Ghana, 2024.

Foot-and-mouth disease (FMD) represents one of the most severe transboundary animal diseases globally. Although considered endemic in Ghana, recent data on circulating serotypes are limited. This study investigated and characterized FMD outbreaks occurring between July and December 2024, assessed the occurrence of the infection in seemingly healthy cattle imports, and explored alternative methods to enhance early diagnosis in livestock; using probang Sera, epithelial tissue and oral mucosal swabs were obtained from cattle exhibiting signs suggestive of FMD from farms, livestock markets and a s

Molecular characterization of circulating dengue virus serotypes and genotypes from central India.

BACKGROUND: Dengue fever is a vector borne viral disease common in tropical and subtropical climates. The present study reports the comprehensive molecular characterization of dengue virus (DENV) serotypes and genotypes from the central part of the Indian state, Madhya Pradesh, during 2023. METHODS: In the retrospective study, 2442 suspected DENV cases were collected from January to December 2023 and were further analyzed using non-structural protein 1 (NS1) and IgM ELISA to determine seroprevalence. Samples collected within ≤5 d of onset of fever were included for serotyping and genotyping. …

Cross-serotype immunity elicited by a consensus dengue NS1 mRNA vaccine in mice.

Dengue virus (DENV) remains a major global health burden, with four antigenically distinct serotypes (DENV-1-4) posing a significant challenge for vaccine development. Dengue non-structural protein 1 (NS1) has been associated with additional protection and reduced disease severity, supporting its inclusion in vaccine design. In this study, we designed a consensus NS1 (cNS1) antigen by integrating sequence elements from all four DENV serotypes (78-89% amino acid identity) to enhance cross-serotype antigenic coverage. The cNS1 sequence was encoded as a nucleoside-modified mRNA and formulated in

Haemophilus influenzae serotype a as a cause of purulent meningitis in a six-month-old infant.

Haemophilus influenzae serotype b (Hib) has historically been the most significant pathogen causing invasive infections. In recent decades, an increase in the incidence of other Haemophilus influenzae serotypes has been observed, particularly serotypes e+ f, as well as, most notably, invasive infections caused by non-typeable strains. Invasive disease caused by Hia, similarly to Hib, affects primarily young children and represents a significant cause of morbidity and mortality. To better understand the clinical and epidemiological characteristics of Hia, epidemiological studies and active micr

Pangenome dynamics and population structure of the zoonotic pathogen Salmonella enterica serotype Hadar.

The bacterial accessory genome, comprised of plasmids, phages, and other mobile elements, underpins the adaptability of bacterial populations. Pangenome (core and accessory) analysis of pathogens can reveal epidemiological relatedness missed by using core-genome methods alone. Employing a k-mer-based Jaccard Index approach to compute pangenome relatedness, we explore the population structure and epidemiology of Salmonella enterica serotype Hadar (Hadar), an emerging zoonotic pathogen in the United States (U.S.) linked to both commercial and backyard poultry. A total of 3384 U.S. Hadar genomes

Preliminary evaluation of a novel serotype O foot-and-mouth disease mRNA vaccine.

Foot-and-mouth disease virus (FMDV) is one of the most significant animal pathogens worldwide, severely impacting the health and productivity of pigs, cattle, sheep, and other ungulates. Although the traditional vaccines have played a crucial role in epidemic control, inactivated vaccines face persistent challenges concerning the potential for virus dissemination and pressures from serotype and subtype matching. However, the manufacture of attenuated vaccines is forbidden, and the efficiency of alternative vaccines for immune protection is still inadequate. Consequently, there exists an urgent

Urinary pneumococcal serotype detection among children with and without community-acquired pneumonia.

BACKGROUND: Urinary antigen detection (UAD) assays can address diagnostic challenges with culture-based identification of S. pneumoniae. We aimed to evaluate the utility of Pfizer's UAD1 and UAD2 assays for pneumococcal serotype surveillance in children with community acquired pneumonia (CAP) or upper respiratory tract infections (URI). METHODS: From March 2021-December 2023, children 3 months to 5 years who presented to the Children's Hospital Colorado Emergency Department with respiratory symptoms were enrolled as CAP or URI; healthy children served as controls. Nasal swabs were tested for

Relationship between pneumococcal serotypes and antimicrobial resistance: A systematic review and meta-analysis.

BACKGROUND: The diversity of pneumococcal serotypes poses significant challenges for both vaccination and treatment. Clinical management of pneumococcal infections is further complicated by the fact that individual serotypes exhibit distinct antimicrobial resistance patterns. This study aims to comprehensively estimate the antimicrobial resistance rates of pneumococcal serotypes. METHODS: A comprehensive search was conducted in PubMed, Scopus, Web of Science, and ScienceDirect. A random-effect meta-analysis was used to pool the number of isolates resistant to a particular antimicrobial per to

A case of infectious endocarditis and vertebral discitis caused by Streptococcus pneumoniae serotype 23A.

Streptococcus pneumoniae, is a Gram-positive diplococcus, causes various community-acquired infections. Although pneumococcal vaccination has reduced the incidence of invasive pneumococcal disease, relative incidence of non-vaccine serotype-associated infections has increased. Herein, we report a case of pneumococcal infectious endocarditis and vertebral discitis diagnosed concurrently. A 73-year-old man presented with a 1-week history of fever and back pain (day 0). Laboratory tests revealed elevated inflammatory markers and magnetic resonance imaging confirmed vertebral osteomyelitis. Empiri

A global epidemic serotype 14 Streptococcus pneumoniae switching to non-vaccine types.

Streptococcus pneumoniae infection is a leading cause of bacterial pneumonia worldwide, contributing to both invasive pneumococcal diseases and non-invasive diseases. Following the introduction of pneumococcal conjugate vaccines (PCV7, PCV10, and PCV13), a significant decrease in the prevalence of vaccine-type pneumococci has been observed, while the prevalence of non-vaccine-type (NVT) pneumococci has increased. This shift has been evident in both disease incidence and nasopharyngeal carriage. Serotype switching refers to the alteration or exchange of the serotype-related cps gene locus that

Climate, inter-serotype competition and arboviral interactions shape dengue dynamics in Thailand.

The incidence and global spread of dengue are reaching alarming levels. Thailand represents a critical disease epicenter and demands an understanding of the environmental and evolutionary pressures that sustain DENV transmission. Unlike most affected countries experiencing recurrent outbreaks of the same serotype or replacement of one serotype for another, Thailand is an ecological niche for all four serotypes. Favorable climate and mosquito vector availability maintain a landscape defined by stable, endemic circulation of genotypes, with minimal genetic variation attributed to sporadic, exter

Genomic characterization and serotype distribution of dengue virus circulating in Pakistan during 2024.

Dengue virus (DENV) remains a significant public health concern in Pakistan, with recurrent outbreaks necessitating continuous genomic surveillance. The 2024 dengue outbreak prompted an investigation into circulating serotypes and genomic diversity. The National Institute of Health (NIH), Pakistan, received 524 NS-1 confirmed dengue samples across multiple districts in 2024. Serotyping via real-time PCR confirmed DENV-2 in 93 % (n = 361) and DENV-1 in 7 % (n = 27) of 388 positive samples, with no co-infections detected. Males accounted for 65 % of cases, with a mean age of 30.78 ± 15.03 years.…

Геномические доказательства связывают случаи денге человека с неопределёнными серотипами с сильватическими линиями.

КОЛИЧЕСТВО: Серебряные вирусы денге, которые обычно сохраняются в нечеловеческих приматах и лесных комарных циклах, редко ассоциируются с инфекциями человека. Однако в Юго-Восточной Азии, включая Малайзию, поступают сообщения о спорадических побочных эффектах. Эти события часто не выявляются в достаточной степени из-за генетического расхождения между сильватическими штаммами и эндемическими городскими вирусами денге. В ходе обычного наблюдения в Малайзии (2024 - 2025 годы) подгруппа клинически подтвержденных случаев денге дала необнаружимые результаты серотипа в результате коммерческой обратно

Совпадение в аннотации оригинала
BACKGROUND: Sylvatic dengue viruses, typically maintained in non-human primate and forest mosquito cycles, have rarely been associated with … lness (mean day 3), with 95.5% NS1 positivity and predominantly primary infection profiles. Despite serotyping failure, sequencing revealed that eight of nine analyzed samples belonged to sylvatic DENV2, while one represented a divergent DENV3. Comparative amino acid analysis uncovered a unique signature in recent Malaysian sylvatic DENV2 strains, differenti …

Oxidative stress in the liver of chicken during fowl adenovirus serotype 4 infection.

Hepatitis is a significant pathological manifestation of fowl adenovirus serotype-4 (FAdV-4) infection, which is a crucial factor contributing to the mortality of chickens. The pathophysiology of liver disease is rooted in oxidative stress. The present study aims to investigate the presence of oxidative stress during the liver lesion process in FAdV-4 infection. Specifically, one-day-old specific pathogen-free (SPF) chickens were allocated into three groups, the control group, the infection group, and the quercetin group. The quercetin group received daily oral administration of quercetin. At

Trends of serotypes and resistance among Streptococcus pneumoniae in the UK and Ireland (1999-2019).

OBJECTIVES: This study aimed to report the serotype distribution of Streptococcus pneumoniae isolates from UK and Irish patients with bacteraemia or community-associated lower respiratory tract infections (CA-LRTI). Depending upon the year, these were from 23 to 39 sentinel laboratories and were collected between 1999 and 2019, thus spanning the introduction of pneumococcal conjugate vaccines, PCV7 and PCV13. METHODS: Pneumococcal identification, susceptibility testing and serotyping were undertaken by a central laboratory. Changes in serotype distributions and among the predominant types sho…

Isolation and relationship analysis of Listeria phages with various serotype hosts and morphological characterization.

Listeriosis, caused by Listeria monocytogenes (Lm), is a severe foodborne illness with a high fatality rate. Listeria phages specifically target and lyse Lm, offer a promising alternative for biocontrol and phage therapy. However, most existing studies focus on the lytic characteristics of Listeria phages using limited sample sizes. In this study, a large number of Listeria phages were isolated from diverse sources, and their lytic profiles and morphology were characterized. A total of 317 Listeria phages were isolated from 90 food-related environmental samples and 196 natural environmental sa

Streptococcus suis serotype 5: Emerging zoonotic threat with distinct genomic heterogeneity.

Streptococcus suis is a significant pig pathogen and an emerging zoonotic agent. Serotype 5 is becoming an increasing concern among pigs and humans with S. suis infection worldwide. This study investigated the population structure, phylogenetic relationship, genomic characteristics, and virulence of serotype 5 population, analyzing 89 isolates, including eight from human cases. The results revealed significant genomic heterogeneity and diverse virulence levels within serotype 5 population. Phylogenetic analysis identified two distinct lineages with notable differences in evolution and genomic