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Transient post-traumatic cortical blindness: brief v prolonged syndromes in childhood.

Six children who sustained head trauma of varying degrees experienced self-limited cortical blindness--complete bilateral visual loss associated with normal pupillary responses to light. In five cases associated with relatively minor head trauma, full visual function returned within 24 hours. In the other case, associated with parietal and occipital contusions, the period of complete blindness was prolonged, lasting 1 week, followed by a striking recovery over an additional week. A bilateral inferior altitudinal visual field deficit has persisted over 6 years, with emergence of a complicated m…

Детская слепота от язвы кукурузы в Африке: причины, профилактика и лечение.

Из-за рубцовых шрамов около 70% детей в африканских странах страдают от слепоты. Недавние исследования подтверждают, что инфекция кори является широко распространенным предрасположенным фактором и что недостаток витамина А является причиной большей части двусторонней язвы роговицы. Герпес простейший кератит (порожденный человеческими (альфа) герпесвирусными типами 1 и 2), офтальмия неонатальный офтальм, а также использование традиционных глазных препаратов также являются существенными причинами язвы роговицы у детей в Африке. Обсуждаются стратегии вмешательства, борьба с язвой роговицы у детей

Совпадение в аннотации оригинала
Corneal scarring is responsible for approximately 70% of blindness in children in African countries. Recent studies confirm that measles infection is a common predisposing factor and that vitamin A deficiency is responsible for the majority of bilateral corneal ulceration. Herpes simplex keratitis (caused by human (alpha) herpesvirus types 1 and 2), ophthalm…

Paradoxic pupillary constriction in a patient with congenital stationary night blindness.

Paradoxic pupillary constriction to an "off-step" of light was studied in a 35-year-old woman with congenital stationary night blindness. ERG was of the Schubert-Bornschein type (scotopic B-wave absent); fundi were normal for a high myope. Paradoxic constrictions were larger in response to full field and peripheral off-steps from low photopic levels than from higher photopic levels. The patient's "on response" was smaller in magnitude and slower in both latency and dynamics than the on-response of normal subjects. Pupillary hippus was larger in magnitude and more peaked in the patient than in …

Cataract: the leading cause of blindness and vision loss in Africa.

Senile cataract is a non-preventable disease of aging, having its biggest impact in the over-60 age group. Published clinic and hospital data, population-based surveys and World Health Organization estimates indicate that 1.2% of the entire population of Africa is blind, and that cataract causes 36% of this blindness. Ocular disease and ophthalmic manpower status questionnaires mailed to every African country in 1982 by the International Eye Foundation support these contentions, and further demonstrate that cataract is the biggest single cause of blindness on the continent. Taking the populati…

X-linked recessive congenital stationary night blindness, myopia, and tilted discs.

A family with X-linked recessive congenital stationary night blindness, myopia, and tilted discs has been identified. All affected members have decreased vision, nystagmus, strabismus with decreased binocular function, visual field defects, abnormal fundus appearance with typical fluorescein angiographic findings of tilted disc syndrome, abnormal electroretinograms, and abnormal visual evoked responses to patterned stimuli. Similar clinical evaluation of an obligate carrier revealed no ocular abnormalities.

Arsanilic acid-induced blindness in swine: electroretinographic and visually evoked responses.

Arsanilic acid (1,000 ppm) caused blindness in pigs within 25 to 30 days. The visually evoked response was "nonrecordable" in blind pigs, but was consistently recordable in normal pigs. The electroretinographic response was recordable in both normal and blind pigs, and significant differences were not apparent between results of tests of the 2 groups. Optic disk atrophy was noted ophthalmoscopically; lesions of the optic nerve are probably responsible for the nonrecordable visually evoked response.

Blindness caused by photoreceptor degeneration as a remote effect of cancer.

Three postmenopausal women developed photoreceptor degeneration one to four months preceding or following discovery of an anaplastic tumor. Two patients had transitory visual obscurations and bizarre visual sensations. Ring scotomas progressed to severe visual field loss. Retinal arteries were markedly narrowed. Electroretinograms revealed almost total absence of response in one patient, and another complained of the recent onset of night blindness. In all three patients severe degeneration of the photoreceptor cells associated with melanophagic activity was shown histologically. In two patien…

Functional reorganization of the visual cortex in blindness: a connectivity perspective.

Visual deprivation provides a critical model for understanding how sensory experience and developmental constraints shape cortical organization. In blindness, the occipital cortex is recruited for tactile and auditory perception as well as language, memory, mathematical processing, and executive control. The core question is how visual cortex becomes functionally embedded in non-visual and cognitive systems, and how this embedding gives rise to particular forms of occipital recruitment. Connectivity is central to this question because cortical functions are shaped, in part, by the information …

ICU-Associated Exposure Keratopathy and Preventable Corneal Blindness: A Clinical Review.

Exposure keratopathy is an ocular surface injury caused by prolonged corneal exposure, most often from incomplete eyelid closure. Critical illness can intensify exposure through reduced blinking, chemosis, impaired corneal reflexes, sedation, mechanical ventilation, and tear film instability. This narrative clinical review synthesizes contemporary evidence on epidemiology, mechanisms, risk factors, bedside assessment, prevention, protocol implementation, and care in resource-constrained intensive care units (ICUs). PubMed/MEDLINE was searched for English language literature from January 2000 t

Transient Cortical Blindness and Hemi-Spatial Neglect Following Watchman Device Implantation.

A 66-year-old male with prior right middle cerebral artery stroke status post thrombectomy-as well as right internal carotid artery (ICA) st … lusion. In the context of contrast exposure and negative initial imaging, contrast-induced cortical blindness was considered the leading diagnosis, with embolism, hypoperfusion, and post-stroke recrudescence as alternative considerations. This case highlights the diagnostic complexity of acute cortical blindness and hemispatial neglect following Watchman im …

Transient Blindness in Metformin-associated Lactic Acidosis: Resolution With Supportive Care.

Metformin remains the first-line pharmacologic treatment for type 2 diabetes mellitus due to its well-established efficacy and safety profile. However, a rare but serious complication is metformin-associated lactic acidosis (MALA), which carries a mortality rate of up to 36.2% in hospitalized patients. Those with chronic kidney disease and cardiovascular comorbidities are particularly vulnerable to severe outcomes. Among the rare manifestations of MALA is complete bilateral blindness, which typically requires urgent hemodialysis for reversal. Here, we present a case of MALA-induced blindness t…

In Vivo Stability of Electronic Intraocular Lens Implant for Corneal Blindness.

PURPOSE: Electronic technology can add new function to intraocular lenses, including the treatment of corneal blindness. However, it is not known if such an implant can be stably implanted within a living eye over time. This study investigates the long-term stability and safety of an intraocular lens-shaped implant with an embedded electronic microdisplay for potential use in treating corneal blindness. METHODS: Five intraocular implants containing a nonfunctional microdisplay and projection optic were surgically implanted into five rabbits after removal of their crystalline lenses. This bloc…