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Insights in KIR2.1 channel structure and function by an evolutionary approach; cloning and functional characterization of the first reptilian inward rectifier channel KIR2.1, derived from the California kingsnake (Lampropeltis getula californiae).

Potassium inward rectifier KIR2.1 channels contribute to the stable resting membrane potential in a variety of muscle and neuronal cell-types. Mutations in the KIR2.1 gene KCNJ2 have been associated with human disease, such as cardiac arrhythmias and periodic paralysis. Crystal structure and homology modelling of KIR2.1 channels combined with functional current measurements provided valuable insights in mechanisms underlying channel function. KIR2.1 channels have been cloned and analyzed from all main vertebrate phyla, except reptilians. To address this lacuna, we set out to clone reptilian KI

Current prevalence of adult Uncinaria spp. in northern fur seal (Callorhinus ursinus) and California sea lion (Zalophus californianus) pups on San Miguel Island, California, with notes on the biology of these hookworms.

A prevalence survey for hookworms (Uncinaria spp.) was done in northern fur seal (Callorhinus ursinus) and California sea lion (Zalophus californianus) pups on San Miguel Island, CA, in 2000. Intestines of dead pups were examined for adult hookworms in July. These parasites were found in 95% of 20 fur seal pups and 100% of 31 sea lion pups. The number of hookworms varied from 4 to 2142 (mean = 760) in fur seal pups and from 20 to 2634 (mean = 612) in sea lion pups. A direct relationship was evident between body condition and number of hookworms in the pups; that is, pups in poor condition had …

Ambient particulate matter exposure and children's blood pressure in rural California, 2019-2022.

Elevated blood pressure (BP) in children is a risk factor for adult hypertension and is increasing globally. Ambient particulate matter (PM) is associated with increased BP in children in urban areas, but data from rural regions are sparse. The Children's AIRE study enrolled children 6-8 years in 2017-2019 and collected data bi-annually through Spring 2022. Residential addresses were spatially linked to regulatory air pollution monitors to determine long-term (12-month) and short-term (7-day) exposure to PM2.5 and PM10. Systolic BP (SBP) and diastolic BP (DBP) were measured up to five times in

Detection of Acute Hepatitis C Outbreaks in California Using SaTScan: Statewide Spatiotemporal Analysis.

BACKGROUND: Acute hepatitis C virus outbreaks in California are identified by local health jurisdictions through the investigation of cases reported by laboratories and health care providers to the state's public health surveillance system. However, acute hepatitis C cases are widely underreported, limiting timely outbreak detection and early intervention. SaTScan (Space and Time Scan Statistics) has been proposed as a valuable tool to better detect disease clusters that may be missed by traditional surveillance, even when the disease is underreported, but it is not routinely used for acute he…

Expanded Medi-Cal Coverage and Persisting Access Barriers for Latino Immigrants in California.

In California, health and community-based organizations serve as vital intermediaries, helping Latino immigrants navigate Medi-Cal (the state's Medicaid program) enrollment and access to care. The 2024 Medi-Cal expansion extended eligibility to undocumented immigrants who meet income criteria. Despite this policy shift, persistent barriers to care remain at the individual, insurance system, and organizational levels. This study examines Latino immigrants' navigation of health insurance and access to care in California. As part of the MIRA Latino study, we interviewed leaders from 32 California…

Hepatitis A Outbreak in Skilled Nursing Facility, Los Angeles County, California, USA, 2025.

We investigated an outbreak of 5 hepatitis A cases among skilled nursing facility residents in Los Angeles County, California, USA, including 3 who were vaccinated after exposure. Our results suggest that persons in congregate living facilities should receive both the vaccine and immune globulin after hepatitis A exposure to mitigate further transmission.

Public Awareness and Perceptions of the 988 Suicide & Crisis Lifeline Among California Adults.

Suicide is a major public health issue that disproportionately affects certain populations. The 988 Suicide & Crisis Lifeline (988) was established in July 2022 as an accessible, easy-to-remember resource for individuals in crisis. Maximizing its impact relies on public knowledge and willingness to use the service. Using data from a cross-sectional survey of California adults (n = 3531), fielded online in November 2024, this study assessed awareness and likelihood of using 988, and barriers and facilitators to use, overall and among groups known to be at increased risk for suicide. One in 4 Ca…

Stenotrophomonas maltophilia Bloodstream Infection Outbreak in Acute Care Hospital, California, USA, 2022-20231.

Stenotrophomonas maltophilia is an opportunistic bacterial pathogen found in healthcare settings. During May 2022-September 2023, an acute care hospital in northern California, USA, identified 13 S. maltophilia bloodstream infections among intensive care unit patients. Whole-genome sequencing showed the isolates were highly related. We identified risk factors for infection by conducting a matched case-control study, targeted assessment of infection prevention and control practices, and laboratory testing of suspected environmental reservoirs. Among 13 case-patients and 39 control-patients, pat…

Obesity Disparities in California Vary by School Ethnic Segregation and School Neighbourhood Income.

OBJECTIVE: This study examines how ethnic disparities in childhood obesity differ across combinations of school ethnic composition and school neighbourhood income in California, to identify the contexts in which disparities are greatest. Prior studies have been unable to study this due to the high correlation between segregation and income. METHODS: This observational study focuses on overweight/obesity data objectively measured among California public school children in 2018/2019 and school neighbourhood data from the American Community Survey, using a 'within versus between' differences ana…

Coccidioidomycosis Exposure Assessed by Skin Testing and Environmental Factors in Baja California, Mexico.

Baja California is the second-highest state in Mexico for hospital discharges attributed to coccidioidomycosis (CM), yet epidemiological information on exposure patterns in affected communities remains limited. To estimate exposure to Coccidioides and assess its association with environmental factors, we conducted intradermal coccidioidin skin testing among 416 residents across nine regions of Baja California. We analyzed 24 environmental variables, including bioclimatic, topographic, and land use indicators. Overall, 31.9% of participants tested positive. Higher odds of exposure were observed…

Интеллектуальные расстройства и расстройства в развитии диагностируются в Калифорнии и неблагоприятно сказываются на материнском здоровье.

СПРАВОЧНАЯ ИНФОРМАЦИЯ: Женщины, страдающие умственными расстройствами и расстройствами в области развития, относятся к категории населения, результаты деятельности по охране материнского здоровья которого по-прежнему плохо задокументированы. Мы провели оценку связей между диагностикой ИПД у матерей в Калифорнии и неблагоприятными последствиями для матерей, а также проанализировали, способствуют ли эти отношения дородовые клинические характеристики. МЕТОДЫ: Это ретроспективное исследование групп населения охватывало все роды ≥22 Неделя беременности в Калифорнии между 2007 и 2021, с использовани

Совпадение в аннотации оригинала
BACKGROUND: Women with intellectual and developmental disability (IDD) are a population whose maternal health outcomes remain poorly documented. We estimated associations between maternal IDD diagnosis in California birth records and adverse maternal outcomes, and assessed whether prenatal clinical characteristics mediate these relationships. METHODS: This …

Human Cases of Highly Pathogenic Avian Influenza A(H5N1) - California, September-December 2024.

Persons who work closely with dairy cows, poultry, or other animals with suspected or confirmed infection with highly pathogenic avian influenza (HPAI) A(H5N1) viruses are at increased risk for infection. In September 2024, the California Department of Public Health was notified of the first human case of HPAI A(H5N1) in California through monitoring of workers on farms with infected cows. During September 30-December 24, 2024, a total of 38 persons received positive test results for HPAI A(H5N1) viruses in California; 37 were dairy farm workers with occupational exposure to sick cows, and one…

Tobacco policy coverage in California jurisdictions before and after enactment of proposition 56.

OBJECTIVE: Proposition 56, a $2 tobacco tax enacted in California in 2016, led to increased funding to Local Lead Agencies which work to reduce tobacco use. We examined whether Proposition 56 was associated with increases in the population covered by local policies addressing four areas: 1) tobacco retail sales (TRS), 2) flavored tobacco products sales (FTP), 3) outdoor secondhand smoke (SHS) restrictions, and 4) smoking restrictions in multi-unit housing (MUH). METHODS: 2007-2023 data from the Policy Evaluation Tracking System in California were analyzed. The unit of analysis was the Califor…