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Hampi Tariki Kit: thin-layer chromatography for semiquantitative screening of solid oral medicines in Peru.

INTRODUCTION: Essential precondition for the development of cervical cancer is a persistent human papillomavirus (HPV) infection. The majority - approximately 70% - of cervical carcinomas is caused by two high-risk HPV types (16 and 18). Recently, two vaccines have been approved to the German market with the potential to induce protection against HPV 16 and HPV 18 among additional low-risk virus types. OBJECTIVES: To analyse whether HPV vaccination is effective with regard to the reduction of cervical cancer and precursors of cervical carcinoma (CIN), respectively? Does HPV vaccination repres

Cross-speciality collaborative care in complex immune-mediated inflammatory diseases: treating the person living with the condition.

BACKGROUND: Immune-mediated inflammatory diseases (IMIDs) are a wide group of autoimmune conditions that share common inflammatory pathways, meaning that people with one IMID are at elevated risk of developing another. People living with IMIDs are at increased risk of co-morbidities and quality of life (QOL) is negatively impacted. The economic cost of IMIDs is high both in terms of healthcare resource and lost productivity. In particular, there is significant unmet need in terms of clinical outcomes and patient satisfaction for people living with complex IMID (multiple IMIDs, co-morbidities a

Socioeconomic impacts of airborne and droplet-borne infectious diseases on industries: a systematic review.

BACKGROUND: Recent pandemics have had far-reaching effects on the world's largest economies and amplified the need to estimate the full extent and range of socioeconomic impacts of infectious diseases outbreaks on multi-sectoral industries. This systematic review aims to evaluate the socioeconomic impacts of airborne and droplet-borne infectious diseases outbreaks on industries. METHODS: A structured, systematic review was performed according to the PRISMA guidelines. Databases of PubMed, Scopus, Web of Science, IDEAS/REPEC, OSHLINE, HSELINE, and NIOSHTIC-2 were reviewed. Study quality apprai

Evaluation of Data Sharing After Implementation of the International Committee of Medical Journal Editors Data Sharing Statement Requirement.

IMPORTANCE: The benefits of responsible sharing of individual-participant data (IPD) from clinical studies are well recognized, but stakeholders often disagree on how to align those benefits with privacy risks, costs, and incentives for clinical trialists and sponsors. The International Committee of Medical Journal Editors (ICMJE) required a data sharing statement (DSS) from submissions reporting clinical trials effective July 1, 2018. The required DSSs provide a window into current data sharing rates, practices, and norms among trialists and sponsors. OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the implementatio

Identifying Child Anxiety Through Schools-identification to intervention (iCATS-i2i): protocol for a cluster randomised controlled trial to compare screening, feedback and intervention for child anxiety problems to usual school practice.

BACKGROUND: Systematically screening for child anxiety problems, and offering and delivering a brief, evidence-based intervention for children who are identified as likely to benefit would minimise common barriers that families experience in accessing treatment. We have developed a short parent-report child anxiety screening questionnaire, and procedures for administering screening questionnaires, sharing screening outcomes with families, and offering and delivering a brief parent-led online intervention (OSI: Online Support and Intervention for child anxiety) through schools. This trial aims

Mechanisms of heavy metal sorption on alkaline clays from Tundulu in Malawi as determined by EXAFS.

Chromium(III), copper(II), zinc(II), cadmium(II), mercury(II) and lead(II) cations are among the most common heavy metal pollutants in industrial waste waters. In our continued work on cost effective wastewater heavy metal removal agents and methods using local material, this study examines the interactions of chromium(III), copper(II), zinc(II), cadmium(II), mercury(II) and lead(II) cations with natural mixed clay minerals from Tundulu in Malawi using extended X-ray absorption fine structure (EXAFS) spectroscopy. The mixed clays were previously characterised and found to contain illite, low o

Harm reduction theories and strategies for control of human immunodeficiency virus: a review of the literature.

AIM: To provide a comprehensive review of the literature on harm reduction theories and strategies related primarily to licit and illicit drug use. BACKGROUND: Although human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)/acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS) disease transmission is well understood, it continues to spread, particularly among injection drug users (IDUs). Despite early indications that HIV would be contained within the IDU community, it is spreading to non-IDU sexual partners and to children of IDUs, threatening a more widespread epidemic. METHODS: An examination of research studies and the

[Ketogenic diet in the treatment of drug-resistant epilepsy in children: Assessment of clinical efficacy, health care resource consumption, and direct medical costs].

OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the impact of the ketogenic diet (KD) on clinical outcomes, health resource consumption, including medication burden, hospitalization rates, and outpatient care, and direct medical costs (DMCs) in pediatric patients with drug-resistant epilepsy (DRE). MATERIAL AND METHODS: A retrospective, non-interventional observational study was conducted at a specialized medical center. Data were collected from 58 children diagnosed with DRE: 29 patients received the ketogenic diet, while 29 patients comprised the comparison group. The clinical characteristics of epilepsy, frequency

Willingness to pay for assisted reproductive technologies among individuals with infertility in China.

Infertility, a widely prevalent condition globally, incurs high economic burdens. Assisted reproductive technologies (ARTs) are effective treatments, but public health financing in low- and middle-income countries (LMICs) rarely covers ART services. In China, where birth rates are declining, willingness to pay (WTP) can inform insurance reimbursement policies by reducing out-of-pocket expenses. However, there is no consensus on WTP thresholds for assessing the cost-effectiveness of fertility treatments in LMICs. This study aimed to assess WTP for ART among individuals with infertility in China

Self-Management education for adults with poorly controlled epILEpsy [SMILE (UK)]: a randomised controlled trial.

BACKGROUND: Epilepsy is a common neurological condition resulting in recurrent seizures. Research evidence in long-term conditions suggests that patients benefit from self-management education and that this may improve quality of life (QoL). Epilepsy self-management education has yet to be tested in a UK setting. OBJECTIVES: To determine the effectiveness and cost-effectiveness of Self-Management education for people with poorly controlled epILEpsy [SMILE (UK)]. DESIGN: A parallel pragmatic randomised controlled trial. SETTING: Participants were recruited from eight hospitals in London and

Leveraging infant visit PrEP screening INtegration & tasK shifting to improve post-partum HIV prevention in Malawi (LINK): a cluster-randomized trial evaluation of a postpartum HIV prevention package among breastfeeding women in Malawi.

BACKGROUND: Elimination of vertical transmission of HIV remains a major global public health priority. In Malawi, more than one-third of pediatric HIV acquisitions are attributed to perinatal HIV acquisition during breastfeeding. HIV pre-exposure prophylaxis (PrEP) is a crucial biomedical tool to keep women free of HIV and eliminate vertical transmission, but effectiveness has been hampered by poor uptake and premature discontinuation. Implementation science approaches are needed to improve uptake, persistence, and adherence to PrEP among postpartum women at risk of HIV. METHODS: LINK is a ty

The Impact of Biosimilar Use on Total Cost of Care and Provider Financial Performance in the Medicare Oncology Care Model: A Population-Based Simulation Study.

IntroductionPayment for oncology care is increasingly moving from fee-for-service to value-based payment (VBP). VBPs are agreements in which providers are held accountable for total cost of care (TCOC) through risk-sharing arrangements with payers that tie reimbursement levels to TCOC benchmarks. Oncology biosimilars may play an important role in managing financial risk in the VBPs like Medicare's Oncology Care Model (OCM), but there has been limited research in this area. The objective of this study is to estimate the impact of biosimilar adoption on TCOC and oncology provider financial perfo

Совпадение в полном тексте источника
… TCOC in OCM consisted of standardized payer responsibility from Part A and Part B, and a portion of Part D costs (80% of gross drug cost above the catastrophic threshold plus the low-income cost sharing subsidy). …

School closure policies at municipality level for mitigating influenza spread: a model-based evaluation.

BACKGROUND: Nearly every year Influenza affects most countries worldwide and the risk of a new pandemic is always present. Therefore, influenza is a major concern for public health. School-age individuals are often the most affected group, suggesting that the inclusion in preparedness plans of school closure policies may represent an option for influenza mitigation. However, their applicability remains uncertain and their implementation should carefully be weighed on the basis of cost-benefit considerations. METHODS: We developed an individual-based model for influenza transmission integratin

Out-of-Pocket Costs for Chronic Illness Management in High-Deductible Health Plans.

IMPORTANCE: High-deductible health plans (HDHPs) enroll a substantial share of privately insured Americans and are associated with reduced use of care, even care that is considered medically necessary. However, the magnitude of patient out-of-pocket (OOP) costs required to obtain evidence-based medical care when enrolled in HDHPs remains poorly understood. OBJECTIVE: To estimate patient OOP costs required to receive guideline-concordant care for common chronic conditions when enrolled in an HDHP vs a non-HDHP. DESIGN, SETTING, AND PARTICIPANTS: This retrospective cohort study used 2022 to 20

Impact of dyspnea on medical utilization and affiliated costs in patients with acute coronary syndrome.

BACKGROUND: Current clinical practice guidelines recommend dual antiplatelet therapy with aspirin and clopidogrel or prasugrel for patients with acute coronary syndrome (ACS). Ticagrelor, an experimental antiplatelet therapy, has been shown to be associated with significantly higher rates of dyspnea than clopidogrel in clinical trials. Patients with ACS presenting with dyspnea require additional medical attention to rule out possible heart failure or other serious diagnoses. This study used real-world data to quantify the direct medical costs of dyspnea among patients with a history of ACS. O

Maintaining periodontally compromised teeth seems more cost-effective than replacing them with dental implants.

DESIGN: A systematic appraisal without statistical aggregation. DATA SOURCES: The researchers utilized Ovid (Medline), Embase, Web of Science, and CINAHL databases. They performed a comprehensive literature search, which concluded in July 2023. References of selected studies and systematic reviews were examined for additional relevant articles. STUDY SELECTION: The review included studies (randomized controlled trials [RCTs], systematic reviews [SRs], narrative reviews, retrospective studies, cross-sectional studies, case series, case reports) discussing the cost-effectiveness of preserving

Cystic pancreatic lesions: when to watch and when to act?

Cystic pancreatic lesions (CPL) represent a growing challenge in gastroenterology, as their detection becomes more prevalent, and their management is increasingly complex. While many CPLs are benign and require only observation, others carry a significant risk of malignant transformation. The key to effective management relies in an accurate risk stratification, which can guide decisions regarding surveillance and treatment. As we move towards more personalized, patient-centered approaches, it is crucial to balance the benefits of early detection and intervention with the risks of overtreatmen

Natural Compounds Targeting Coronary Microvascular Dysfunction: Mechanisms and Beyond.

Coronary microvascular dysfunction (CMD) is increasingly recognized as a major public health burden, independently contributing to myocardial ischemia, adverse cardiovascular events, and elevated healthcare costs. Its pathophysiology is multifactorial, involving endothelial dysfunction, microthrombosis, and metabolic disturbances. Natural compounds, owing to their multi-target effects and favorable safety profiles, have emerged as promising candidates for CMD intervention. This narrative review systematically consolidates current evidence on the key molecular targets and regulatory mechanisms

Superabsorbent polymer (SAP) dressings in compression therapy for lower-limb wounds.

Hard-to-heal lower-limb wounds, such as venous leg ulcers and lymphoedema-related wounds, pose major clinical and financial challenges, impacting quality of life and costing the NHS billions annually. Alongside addressing underlying comorbidities, compression therapy remains the cornerstone of management, promoting healing by reducing venous hypertension and oedema. Effective exudate control is essential. Superabsorbent polymer (SAP) dressings, such as Hartmann's Zetuvit Plus Superabsorber and RespoSorb, offer high absorbency, a reduction in wound inhibitor (such as matrix metalloproteinases a

ArtiSential-assisted laparoscopic central pancreatectomy.

Central pancreatectomy (CP) is a viable option for low malignant tumors located in the neck or proximal body of the pancreas. This procedure has the advantage of minimizing impairment to pancreatic function. However, it is technically challenging and carries a relatively high risk of postoperative pancreatic fistula. Recently, minimally invasive CP surgery has gained popularity, with evidence supporting its safety and efficacy. Nevertheless, conventional laparoscopic CP presents technical difficulties, while robot-assisted CP is associated with higher costs. ArtiSential (LivsMed Inc.) is a dev