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В vivo оценка окулярных вставок гидрогеля, пропитанного антибиотиками для трахомной терапии.

Устойчивый выпуск антибиотиков из гидрогельных матриц в глаз был изучен в целях разработки нового метода лечения трахомы. Кополимеры N-винилпиролидона были сформированы в окулярную вставку и пропитаны эритромицином или эритромицином. Антибиотико-гидрогель полностью подавляет хламидиозную инфекцию трахоматиса в глазах совы. Показатели злоупотребления наркотиками были немного ниже в vivo, чем в vitro. По сравнению с уровнем утечки наркотиков в человеческий глаз и в совы обезьяньего глаза ожидается аналогичный терапевтический эффект при лечении трахомы человека.

Совпадение в аннотации оригинала
Sustained release of antibiotics from hydrogel matrices in the eye was studied for the purpose of developing a new method for trachoma therapy. Copolymers of N-vinylpyrrolidone were moulded into an ocular insert and impregnated with erythromycin or erythromycin estolate. The antibiotic-hydrogel inserts completely suppressed the chlamydia trachomatis infectio…

Use of antibiotics in the prevention and treatment of pertussis.

Antibiotics are commonly used for treating confirmed cases of pertussis and also for disease prevention in outbreak situations, and there is little evidence of antibiotic resistance of Bordetella pertussis. The most commonly used antibiotic is erythromycin, but the associated side effects limit compliance and therefore efficacy. Other antibiotics, such as clarithromycin and azithromycin, have been shown to be at least as effective as erythromycin in preventing and treating pertussis, and they also have fewer side effects, which improves compliance. This article outlines the use of different an…

Comparative in vitro activity of garenoxacin against Chlamydia spp.

The in vitro susceptibilities of 33 isolates of Chlamydia trachomatis, Chlamydia pneumoniae and Chlamydia psittaci to a new quinolone drug, garenoxacin (BMS-284756), in comparison with levofloxacin, ciprofloxacin, doxycycline, erythromycin and roxithromycin, were determined. Garenoxacin was the most active of the quinolone drugs tested, with identical MIC and MBC, which ranged from 0.007 to 0.03 mg/L. The MIC and MBC of the other two quinolones tested, levofloxacin and ciprofloxacin, were also identical, ranging from 0.25 to 2 mg/L. The MICs and MBCs of doxycycline, erythromycin and roxithromy…

In vitro susceptibility of Chlamydia pecorum to macrolides, tetracyclines, quinolones and beta-lactam.

The in vitro susceptibility of Chlamydia pecorum to two macrolides (clarithromycin and erythromycin), two tetracyclines (doxycycline and minocycline), two quinolones (ofloxacin and ciprofloxacin) and one beta-lactam (ampicillin) was determined. The MICs were 0.004 to 0.008 microg/ml for clarithromycin, 0.008 to 0.031 microg/ml for doxycycline and minocycline, 0.063 to 0.125 microg/ml for erythromycin, 0.25 to 0.5 microg/ml for ofloxacin and 0.25 to 1.0 microg/ml for ciprofloxacin. The MIC for ampicillin was greater than 1,024 microg/ml. The results show clarithromycin and doxycycline are the t…

[Severe Chlamydia psittaci pneumopathy in an adult].

A previously well 56 year-old woman presented with an adult respiratory distress syndrome which worsened under penicillin treatment, responding only to erythromycin and rifampicin, as well as CPAP ventilation. Diagnostic serology was positive to Chlamydia psittaci. Psittacosis is not a frequent cause of primary extensive pneumonia in intensive care units; other diseases should be looked for in the presence of these non-specific clinical and biological pictures (Legionella pneumophila, Mycoplasma pneumoniae, Streptococcus pneumoniae). Pneumocystis should also be looked for in a typical pneumoni…

Legionnaires' disease with acute renal failure.

We describe two patients with Legionnaires' disease (LD) and acute renal failure not associated with hypotension or therapy with nephrotoxic antibiotics. The first patient ran a fulminant course unresponsive to erythromycin therapy and intensive supportive care including mechanical assisted ventilation and peritoneal dialysis. The second patient recovered after erythromycin therapy and hemodialysis. The clinical course of both patients and the renal pathology of the first patient were compatible with acute tubular necrosis. LD is a disease with many extrapulmonary manifestations. The pathogeni…

Antimicrobial resistance rates of Campylobacter species isolated from clinical samples during 2010-2011 and 2023-2024 in Serbia.

Campylobacteriosis is the most frequent zoonosis in Europe and its most important human pathogens are Campylobacter jejuni and Campylobacter coli. Resistance of Campylobacter to fluoroquinolones and tetracyclines, previously recommended for treatment of prolonged or complicated disease, has been emerging. We examined phenotypic resistance to erythromycin, tetracycline, ciprofloxacin, gentamicin, amoxicillin-clavulanic acid and imipenem in 150 Campylobacter isolates from human stool during 2010-2011 and the same number of strains during 2023-2024, using the antimicrobial gradient method in both…

Prevalence and antibiotic susceptibility of bacteria isolated in patients affected with blepharitis in a tertiary eye centre in Spain.

PURPOSE: To describe which bacteria can be found on lid margins in patients affected with blepharitis, to show their antibiotic susceptibili … agulase-negative Staphylococcus and Staphylococcus aureus were the most resistant to penicillin and erythromycin (resistance in 92%, 91% for coagulase-negative Staphylococcus, 86% and 43% of eyes for Staphylococcus aureus). Corynebacterium was resistant to oxacillin and erythromycin. Streptococcus viridans showed resistance to gentamycin and tobramycin. Moraxe …

High frequency of the 23S rRNA A2058G mutation of Treponema pallidum in Shanghai is associated with a current strategy for the treatment of syphilis.

The preferred drugs for the treatment of syphilis, benzathine and procaine penicillin, have not been available in Shanghai for many years, a … 58G mutation in Treponema pallidum in 109 specimens from syphilis patients. The use of azithromycin/erythromycin in the syphilis patients and the physicians' prescription habits were also assessed based on two questionnaires regarding the use of macrolides. A total of 104 specimens (95.4%) were positive for the A2058G mutation in both copies of the 23S rRNA ge …

Antimicrobial susceptibility profiles of thermophilic campylobacters isolated from patients in the town of Nis.

BACKGROUND/AIM: In some clinical forms of human Campylobacter infections, such as prolonged diarrhea or associated with postinfections seque … tient with Guillain-Barré Syndrome following Campylobacter enterocolitis. Susceptibility testing to erythromycin, gentamicin, tetracycline, chloramphenicol, ciprofloxacin and nalidixic acid was performed by the agar dilution method. RESULTS: In the strains we investigated, resistance to gentamicin and chloramphenicol was not recorded, whereas a low rate of st …

Management of cutaneous erythrasma.

Corynebacterium minutissimum is the bacteria that leads to cutaneous eruptions of erythrasma and is the most common cause of interdigital fo … ethods for differentiating include Wood's light examination and bacterial and mycological cultures. Erythromycin 250mg four times daily for 14 days is the treatment of choice and other antibacterials include tetracycline and chloramphenicol; however, the use of chloramphenicol is limited by bone marrow suppression potentially leading to neutropenia, agranulocy …

Anti-inflammatory activity of macrolide antibiotics.

The effect of four macrolide antibiotics (roxithromycin, clarithromycin, erythromycin, and azithromycin) on the generation of some mediators and cytokines involved in the inflammatory process has been studied both in vivo and in vitro. Rat carrageenin pleurisy was used as a model of acute inflammation, and the macrolides were administered (10, 20, and 40 mg/kg p.o.) 1 h before the carrageenin challenge. Exudate volume and leukocyte accumulation were both dose-dependently reduced by roxithromycin, clarithromycin and erythromycin in either normal or adrenalectomized animals. Furthermore, in norm…

Clinical and microbiological epidemiology of Streptococcus pneumoniae bacteraemia.

A survey of Streptococcus pneumoniae bacteraemia in the Grampian region of Scotland was carried out over a 2-year period. One hundred and fo … erotype 6A) showed intermediate resistance to penicillin, but 12 isolates (12.2%) were resistant to erythromycin. Nine of these 12 isolates were of serotype 14 and had MICs clustered in the range 12-24 mg/L. Examination of all serotype 14 isolates by pulsed-field gel electrophoresis (PFGE) showed the presence of two distinct genetic clusters, with all the eryt …

Susceptibility of recently collected Spanish pneumococci nonsusceptible to oral penicillin from serotypes not included in the 7-valent conjugate vaccine.

The susceptibilities of pneumococci recently collected (up to June 2009) in Spain (500 isolates nonsusceptible to oral penicillin and 150 susceptible isolates) from serotypes not included in the conjugate vaccine were determined. Most nonsusceptible isolates (53.6%) belonged to serotype 19A. Susceptibility rates in serotype 19A penicillin-intermediate (n = 201)/penicillin-resistant (n = 67) isolates were <33%/< or =6.0% (erythromycin and oral cephalosporins with defined breakpoints), 85.1%/11.9% (amoxicillin), and 96.0%/52.2% (cefotaxime), respectively. Low susceptibility to common oral beta-l…

Treatment of legionnaires' disease.

Erythromycin has been the most commonly used drug for the treatment of legionnaires' disease; however, failures have occurred and adverse effects are common. Doxycycline intravenously is preferred and is less expensive. The newer macrolides/azalides, clarithromycin and azithromycin, have excellent in vitro activity against Legionella and fewer adverse effects than erythromycin. The fluoroquinolones, particularly levofloxacin, are the most active anti-Legionella antibiotics available. Other agents with activity against Legionella pneumophila include minocycline, rifampin, and trimethoprim-sulfa…

Removal of antibiotics during the anaerobic digestion of pig manure.

Antibiotics are frequently used in animals to treat sickness and prevent infection especially in industrial meat production. Some of the antibiotics cannot be completely metabolized and, as an unavoidable result, are excreted and thus end up in manure which is then spread in the environment. Currently increasing amounts of manure is used in biogas production before spreading the residuals on agricultural fields. In this study, the removal patterns of sulfonamides (sulfadiazine, sulfamethizole, sulfamethoxazole) and macrolides (clarithromycin, erythromycin), as well as trimethoprim, were invest…

Prophylaxis of neonatal conjunctivitis. An analytic review.

The recommendation by the Centers for Disease Control (CDC) that erythromycin and tetracycline ointments, as well as silver nitrate solution, are acceptable regimens for prophylaxis of gonococcal ophthalmia neonatorum (GON) has resulted in widespread local review of policies for ocular prophylaxis. The data concerning the efficacy and side effects of these agents are somewhat confusing or nonexistent. We discuss the etiologies of neonatal conjunctivitis and the topical and systemic agents used for prophylaxis of GON. We also review all studies that have compared the efficacy of one prophylacti…

In vitro and in vivo efficacy of antimicrobials against Chlamydia trachomatis.

With the exception of lymphogranuloma venereum, the treatment of Chlamydia trachomatis infections in the genital tract or acquired from the genital tract is relatively easy. In general, in vivo activity of antimicrobials against C. trachomatis correlates well with in vitro activity if sufficient antimicrobial is given for a long enough duration. Tetracycline and erythromycin and their derivatives remain the treatments of choice because of combined activity against C. trachomatis, in addition to most isolates of Neisseria gonorrhoeae and Ureaplasma urealyticum. Rifampin, sulfonamides, or trimet…

An effective antibiotic cover for the prevention of endocarditis following dental and other post-operative bacteraemias.

Pre- and post-extraction blood cultures were taken from 242 patients. The post-extraction ones were taken from 100 unpremedicated patients, from 42 with an erythromycin estolate cover, and from 100 patients after protection with pyrrolidino methyl tetracycline. The 100 post-extraction blood cultures from unpremedicated patients gave 64 positive results which yielded 155 strains, 88 of which were not aerobes. One hundred and fifteen representative strains were tested for sensitivity to 22 antibiotics. Of the 42 patients who received the erythromycin orally, 16 yielded positive blood cultures of…

Macrolides for the prevention and treatment of feeding intolerance in preterm low birth weight infants: a systematic review and meta-analysis.

The role of macrolides for the prevention and treatment of feeding intolerance (FI) in preterm low birth weight (LBW) infants has not been well established. To assess the efficacy and safety of macrolides to prevent or treat FI in preterm LBW infants. A systematic review and meta-analysis (PROSPERO ID: CRD42020170519) was conducted for English articles published since inception to March 2020, using MEDLINE, EMBASE, and the Cochrane Controlled Trials Register. Search terms included preterm low birth weight infants, macrolides, erythromycin, azithromycin, clarithromycin, and feeding intolerance.…