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Antibiotic-Resistant Desulfovibrio Produces H2S from Supplements for Animal Farming.

Sulphate-reducing bacteria, primarily Desulfovibrio, are responsible for the active generation of H2S in swine production waste. The model species for sulphate reduction studies, Desulfovibrio vulgaris strain L2, was previously isolated from swine manure characterized by high rates of dissimilatory sulphate reduction. The source of electron acceptors in low-sulphate swine waste for the high rate of H2S formation remains uncertain. Here, we demonstrate the ability of the L2 strain to use common animal farming supplements including L-lysine-sulphate, gypsum and gypsum plasterboards as electron a

Swine farm groundwater is a hidden hotspot for antibiotic-resistant pathogenic Acinetobacter.

Acinetobacter is present in the livestock environment, but little is known about their antibiotic resistance and pathogenic species in the farm groundwater. Here we investigated antibiotic resistance of Acinetobacter in the swine farm groundwater (JZPG) and residential groundwater (JZG) of a swine farming village, in comparison to a nearby (3.5 km) non-farming village (WTG) using metagenomic and culture-based approaches. Results showed that the abundance of antibiotic resistome in some JZG and all JZPG (~3.4 copies/16S rRNA gene) was higher than that in WTG (~0.7 copies/16S rRNA gene), indicat

Herbicide Use in the Era of Farm to Fork: Strengths, Weaknesses, and Future Implications.

UNLABELLED: Sjögren's syndrome is a systemic autoimmune disease classically characterized by sicca symptoms; however, extra glandular manifestations may precede glandular involvement and, in rare cases, present as life threatening emergencies. We report a middle-aged patient who presented with acute flaccid paralysis due to severe hypokalaemia secondary to distal renal tubular acidosis, requiring intensive care admission. Notably, the patient had undergone breast excision two years earlier for a painful breast mass, with histopathology highly suggestive of lymphocytic mastitis, which was misdi

Surveillance of Babesia odocoilei in wild and farmed cervid populations of Saskatchewan, Canada.

OBJECTIVE: To investigate whether Babesia odocoilei could be detected from farmed and wild cervid diagnostic submissions prior to its first reported occurrence in Saskatchewan. PROCEDURE: Polymerase chain reaction (PCR) for B. odocoilei was used to survey 85 fresh-frozen samples and 112 formalin-fixed, paraffin-embedded samples from Saskatchewan cervids submitted for necropsy between 2000 and 2014. RESULTS: The PCR was positive for B. odocoilei in 1/84 white-tailed deer, 1/41 moose, 0/37 mule deer, and 1/35 elk. The positive elk was from a farmed herd, but the remaining 2 positive samples we

Metagenomic insights into the antibiotic resistomes of typical Chinese dairy farm environments.

Antibiotic resistance genes (ARGs) in the environment pose a threat to human and animal health. Dairy cows are important livestock in China; however, a comprehensive understanding of antibiotic resistance in their production environment has not been well clarified. In this study, we used metagenomic methods to analyze the resistomes, microbiomes, and potential ARG bacterial hosts in typical dairy farm environments (including feces, wastewater, and soil). The ARGs resistant to tetracyclines, MLS, β-lactams, aminoglycoside, and multidrug was dominant in the dairy farm ecosystem. The abundance an

Role of Topical Anaesthesia in Pain Management of Farm Animals, a Changing Paradigm.

Field evidence indicates that livestock producers are motivated by access to products that readily deliver pain management during husbandry interventions and, more recently, viral epidermal infectious diseases, including FMD. There has been impressive adoption in Australia of a farmer-applied spray-on topical anaesthetic wound formulation (TAF; Tri-Solfen®, Medical Ethics, Australia), initially for managing pain of the breech modification 'mulesing' procedure that reduces susceptibility of sheep to flystrike. Over 120 million lambs have now received pain relief and cattle producers have commen

MLVA and com1 genotyping of Coxiella burnetii in farmed ruminants in Great Britain.

Coxiella burnetii, the causative agent of the zoonotic disease Q fever, has been shown to be endemic in Great Britain, but information on the prevailing genomic lineages or Genomic Groups (GGs) of Coxiella burnetii is limited. The aim of this study was to genotype C. burnetii isolates from infected farmed ruminants by Multiple Locus Variable Number Tandem Repeat Analysis (MLVA) and identify their associated Genomic Group. A total of 51 Coxiella-containing abortion samples from farmed ruminants (sheep, goats, and cattle), which were collected in Great Britain during 2013-2018, were included in

Suspected chlamydial foetal loss highlights the need for standardised on-farm protocols.

Chlamydia psittaci is a recognised cause of late-term equine foetal loss and poses a zoonotic risk in Australia. However, a management strategy is lacking to protect at-risk humans handling infected aborted material and pregnant mares. This study proposes a protocol for approaching C. psittaci foetal loss after investigating four foetal losses that occurred on a horse stud in the Hunter Valley, Australia in 2021. Swabs from the foetal loss cases (n = 4), close contact mares (n = 59), and foals of the close contact mares (n = 33) were collected and tested for C. psittaci using both isothermal p

Investigation of botulism in free-range duck farming in the Mekong Delta, Vietnam.

BACKGROUND: One of the most common diseases in free-range ducks in the Mekong Delta is botulism. Botulism is a poultry disease caused by botulinum exotoxin of Clostridium botulinum. AIM: To evaluate the prevalence of botulism in free-range ducks in the Mekong Delta and the risk of infection by determining the presence of C. botulinum in the farming environment. METHODS: Research was carried out on 200 duck flocks with 187,050 individuals raised freely in the fields in the provinces of the Mekong Delta, including An Giang, Can Tho, Hau Giang, and Kien Giang. The ducks were diagnosed with botu

Reproductive roles of novel adipokines apelin, visfatin, and irisin in farm animals.

The adipose tissue has a substantial impact on reproduction in mammals, specifically in females. As an energy depository organ, it is precisely associated with the reproductive success of mammals. Adipose tissue secretes many single molecules that are called 'adipokines' which mainly act as endocrine hormones. Adipokines homeostasis is fundamental to energy regulation, metabolic and cardiovascular diseases. The endocrine function of adipokines is influential for the long-term control of energy metabolism and performs an important function in metabolic state and fertility modulation. During the

Multiresistant Bacteria Isolated from Intestinal Faeces of Farm Animals in Austria.

In recent years, antibiotic-resistant bacteria with an impact on human health, such as extended spectrum β-lactamase (ESBL)-containing Enterobacteriaceae, methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) and vancomycin-resistant Enterococci (VRE), have become more common in food. This is due to the use of antibiotics in animal husbandry, which leads to the promotion of antibiotic resistance and thus also makes food a source of such resistant bacteria. Most studies dealing with this issue usually focus on the animals or processed food products to examine the antibiotic resistant bacteria. Thi

Integrating Narcissus-derived galanthamine production into traditional upland farming systems.

Alzheimer's disease (AD) is a disorder associated with progressive degeneration of memory and cognitive function. Galantamine is a licenced treatment for AD but supplies of the plant alkaloid that it is produced from, galanthamine, are limited. This three-year system study tested the potential to combine Narcissus-derived galanthamine production with grassland-based ruminant production. Replicate plots of permanent pasture were prepared with and without bulbs of Narcissus pseudonarcissus sown as lines into the sward. Two different fertiliser regimes were imposed. The above-ground green biomass

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… Results Three experimental systems were imposed: (1) permanent pasture with fertiliser applied at a rate of 50 N kg/ha, 25 P kg/ha and 25 K kg/ha (rates typical of commercial practice for upland farms) ( Control ); (2) permanent pasture under-sown with N. pseudonarcissus , with fertiliser applied at … These challenges generally limit agricultural production in these less favoured areas to grassland-based livestock systems, and for decades such farming systems have been heavily reliant upon subsidy support to be economically viable. …

The Impacts of Waterproof Insulated Jackets on Lamb Performance on a UK Lowland Farm.

The majority of lamb losses occur within the first two weeks of life, with cold stress being a major cause of lamb morbidity and mortality. This study investigated the effect of insulating lamb jackets on newborn lambs. One hundred and four newborn lambs were randomly allocated by birth date to two treatment groups, (a) non-jacketed (n = 52) or (b) jacketed (n = 52), for fourteen days after birth. The live weights of lambs were recorded regularly up to 21 days, and average daily weight gains were calculated from these data. For the first two days after recruitment to the study, surface and bod

Occupational stress among farm and ranch operators in the midwestern United States.

BACKGROUND: This study used surveillance data from 2018 and 2020 to test the stability of work-related strain symptoms (high stress, sleep deprivation, exhaustion) with demographic factors, work characteristics, and musculoskeletal symptoms among farm and ranch operators in seven midwestern states of the United States. METHODS: Cross-sectional surveys were conducted among farm and ranch operators in 2018 (n = 4423) and 2020 (n = 3492). Operators were asked whether, in the past 12 months, they experienced extended work periods that resulted in high stress levels, sleep deprivation, exhaustion/

Prevalence and Characteristics of Salmonella spp. from a Pig Farm in Shanghai, China.

Salmonella spp. is a major foodborne pathogen that is distributed among most pork production chains worldwide. This study aimed to investigate the dynamic changes in Salmonella spp. along the pig breeding process monthly from April 2018 to March 2019 in a pig farm in Shanghai, China, and identify the potential critical control points during the production. In total, 239 Salmonella spp. isolates were obtained from 1389 samples, in which Salmonella were detected from 26.3% (222/843) of fecal samples, 7.1% (17/240) of feed samples, and 0.0% (0/306) of both water and insect samples. Seven differen

Molecular detection and subtype distribution of Blastocystis in farmed pigs in southern China.

Blastocystis is one of the most common causative agents of intestinal diseases, which can cause enteric diseases in animals and humans. However, limited data is available on the prevalence or subtypes of Blastocystis infections in farmed pigs in southern China. In this study, a total of 396 fecal samples were collected from farmed pigs in three provinces in southern China in 2016, and screened for Blastocystis by PCR amplification of the small subunit rRNA (SSU rRNA) gene fragment. One hundred and seventy (42.93%) of the examined fecal samples were detected Blastocystis-positive, and two known

Tilapia On-Farm Welfare Assessment Protocol for Semi-intensive Production Systems.

The aim of this study was to develop and test a tilapia on-farm welfare assessment protocol, based on Brazilian semi-intensive production systems. The study included two mains steps: the elaboration of tilapia welfare protocol and its on-field feasibility test. The protocol, including the potential indicators organized into health, environmental, nutritional, and behavioral categories, was tested on three farms. Skin, eyes, gills, jaws, fins, and vertebral spine were individually examined in 139 individual tilapias. Water physicochemical parameters and production system were considered. The ov…

Risk for Coccidioidomycosis among Hispanic Farm Workers, California, USA, 2018.

To determine occupational risk factors for coccidioidomycosis among adult Hispanic outdoor agricultural workers in California, USA, we conducted a case-control study of workers seen at the Kern County medical facility and referred to the public health laboratory for coccidioidomycosis serologic testing. Participants completed an interviewer-administered health and work questionnaire. Among 203 participants (110 case-patients with positive and 93 controls with negative serologic results), approximately half were women, and more than three quarters were born in Mexico. Associated with coccidioid

Importance of Parasitological Screening in Extensive Poultry Farming Based on Organic Production.

INTRODUCTION: Timely and valid diagnostic of parasitic diseases are prerequisites for profitable traditional poultry breeding, which enables adequate prophylaxis and effective therapy. This research is retrospective of the prevalence of endoparasites in 880 hens, 291 ducks, 171 geese and 302 turkeys in extensive poultry breeding in the Republic of Serbia. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Qualitative parasitological examination was done by conventional gravitational flotation method and sedimentation method. In rare cases of animal death, an autopsy was performed. RESULTS: In the period from 2012 to 20

Suspected resistance of Trypanosoma species to diminazene aceturate on a cattle farm in Nigeria.

African animal trypanosomiasis is a major cause of mortality and economic losses for the livestock industry in Nigeria. Chemotherapy has been the most reliable option for cattle herders, and the most commonly found drug on the market is diminazene aceturate. To ascertain the long-term efficacy of this compound, we sampled a cattle herd in Ogun State, Nigeria, 2 months after they were treated with diminazene aceturate. The ITS-PCR results revealed 19 positives for trypanosome DNA out of the 79 samples tested (24.1%, 95% CI 16.0-34.5). Seventeen out of the total 19 positives were Trypanosoma con