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Advance in the application of organoids in bone diseases.

Bone diseases such as osteoporosis and osteoarthritis have become important human health problems, requiring a deeper understanding of the pathogenesis of related diseases and the development of more effective treatments. Bone organoids are three-dimensional tissue masses that are useful for drug screening, regenerative medicine, and disease modeling because they may mimic the structure and physiological activities of organs. Here, we describe various potential methods for culturing bone-related organoids from different stem cells, detailing the construction processes and highlighting the main

The Role of Extracellular Vesicles in Bone Regeneration and Associated Bone Diseases.

Extracellular vesicles (EVs) are nanoscale particles with a lipid bilayer membrane structure secreted by various cell types. Nearly all human cells secrete EVs, primarily mediating intercellular communication. In recent years, scientists have discovered that EVs can carry multiple biological cargos, such as DNA, non-coding RNAs (ncRNAs), proteins, cytokines, and lipids, and mediate intercellular signal transduction. Bone is a connective tissue with a nerve supply and high vascularization. The repair process after injury is highly complex, involving interactions among multiple cell types and bi

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… When EVs from mesenchymal stromal cells were applied to mice with cartilage defects, organized hyaline cartilage filled the cartilage defect surface, promoting cartilage and subchondral bone healing [ 60 ]. …

Vertebroplasty in the treatment of recalcitrant lower back pain attributed to Modic 1 changes.

Vertebroplasty is a recognised treatment for osteoporotic and pathological compression fractures. We present the case of TF, a 70-year-old male patient with a history of poor left ventricular function presenting with refractory lower back pain, thought to be secondary to Modic Type1 changes in the L2 and L3 vertebrae, accompanying L2-L3 degenerative disc disease. He was treated conservatively for approximately 9 months without success. Following recent suggestions that vertebroplasty may provide pain relief in patients with degenerative disc change and coexistent Modic 1 changes not responding

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… Discussion Vertebral endplates are composed of trabecular bone, with a layer of overlying hyaline cartilage measuring approximately 0.6 mm in thickness. Blood supply comes from the highly vascular bone marrow centrally, and to a lesser extent from the outer annulus capillaries. …

Chondroprotection and Molecular Mechanism of Action of Phytonutraceuticals on Osteoarthritis.

Osteoarthritis (OA) is a degenerative joint disease and an important cause of incapacitation. There is a lack of drugs and effective treatments that stop or slow the OA progression. Modern pharmacological treatments, such as analgesics, have analgesic effects but do not affect the course of OA. Long-term use of these drugs can lead to serious side effects. Given the OA nature, it is likely that lifelong treatment will be required to stop or slow its progression. Therefore, there is an urgent need for disease-modifying OA treatments that are also safe for clinical use over long periods. Phytonu

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… The cytokine IL-1β causes changes and destruction of the structure of cartilage protein and cells, and it suppresses the formation of hyaline cartilage collagen. It has been proven that the IL-1β content in OA patients is significantly higher and directly proportional to the OA index. …

Отчет о ДИД 1st Ежегодный Всемирный конгресс биомедицинской инженерии, проводимый в Сиане, Китай, 9-11 ноябрь 2017.

Мы рады представить на этом заседании резюме доклада "ДИД" 1st Всемирный конгресс биомедицинской инженерии 2017которая была проведена в Сиане в Китае [...].

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… Abstract Articular cartilage is hyaline cartilage and plays an important role in joint activities through bearing the mechanical load or lubricating joints. …

Selective JAK2/ABL dual inhibition therapy effectively eliminates TKI-insensitive CML stem/progenitor cells.

Polymyalgia rheumatica (PMR) is a common disorder in the elderly population. The diagnosis is based upon recognition of a clinical syndrome, consisting of pain and stiffness in the shoulder and pelvic girdle, muscle tenderness of the upper and lower limbs and nonspecific somatic complaints. In addition, in most cases the erythrocyte sedimentation rate (ESR) and C-reactive protein (CRP) concentration are highly elevated. Although PMR and giant cell arteritis (GCA) are commonly regarded as two clinical variations of the same disease, their clinical picture is quite different. Whilst in PMR the m

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… Collagen family genes COL9A1 encodes one of the three alpha chains of Type IX collagen, which is a minor (5–20 %) collagen component of hyaline cartilage. …

Nucleic acid aptamers in orthopedic diseases: promising therapeutic agents for bone disorders.

Precision medicine has become a cornerstone in modern therapeutic strategies, with nucleic acid aptamers emerging as pivotal tools due to their unique properties. These oligonucleotide fragments, selected through the Systematic Evolution of Ligands by Exponential Enrichment process, exhibit high affinity and specificity toward their targets, such as DNA, RNA, proteins, and other biomolecules. Nucleic acid aptamers offer significant advantages over traditional therapeutic agents, including superior biological stability, minimal immunogenicity, and the capacity for universal chemical modificatio

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… Articular cartilage and osteochondral tissue Articular cartilage is a type of hyaline cartilage primarily composed of proteoglycans and type II collagen within the matrix. …

The Therapeutic Potential of Secreted Factors from Dental Pulp Stem Cells for Various Diseases.

An alternative source of mesenchymal stem cells has recently been discovered: dental pulp stem cells (DPSCs), including deciduous teeth, which can thus comprise potential tools for regenerative medicine. DPSCs derive from the neural crest and are normally implicated in dentin homeostasis. The clinical application of mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) involving DPSCs contains various limitations, such as high cost, low safety, and cell handling issues, as well as invasive sample collection procedures. Although MSCs implantation offers favorable outcomes on specific diseases, implanted MSCs cannot su

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… The AC in a typical synovial joint is a thin layer of hyaline cartilage that covers the entire articular surface of each bone. TMJ osteoarthritis (TMJOA) is a degenerative joint disease, characterized by progressive cartilage degeneration, abnormal bone remodeling, and chronic pain [ 117 ]. …

A summary of our recent evidence-based works on radiographic diagnostics of prevalent osteoporotic vertebral fracture in older men and women.

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… Endplate depression A vertebral endplate consists of perforated cortical bone with a layer of hyaline cartilage bonded to its disc surface. … The cortical bone layer contains a network of small cavities which allow bone marrow to lie adjacent to calcified hyaline cartilage for approximately 10% of the central endplate area, which is an important route for metabolite transport into the discs. …

Rare Diseases of the Nose, the Paranasal Sinuses, and the Anterior Skull Base.

Due to their low incidence and thus resulting limited diagnostic criteria as well as therapeutic options, rare diseases of the nose, the paranasal sinuses, and the anterior skull base are a significant challenge. The value as of which a disease has to be considered as rare amounts to a maximum of 5 patients per 10 000 people. Within these diseases, however, there are extreme differences. Some rare or orphan diseases like for example the inverted papilloma belong to regularly diagnosed and treated diseases of larger departments of oto-rhino-laryngology whereas other rare diseases and malformati

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… Microscopically, a lobular proliferation pattern of mature and immature hyaline cartilage is seen with various cellular and fibrous background. The cartilage and stroma parts can be penetrated with bony trabecular structures or surround bony islands 106 211 . …

CCN proteins in the musculoskeletal system: current understanding and challenges in physiology and pathology.

The acronym for the CCN family was recently revised to represent "cellular communication network". These six, small, cysteine-enriched and evolutionarily conserved proteins are secreted matricellular proteins, that convey and modulate intercellular communication by interacting with structural proteins, signalling factors and cell surface receptors. Their role in the development and physiology of musculoskeletal system, constituted by connective tissues where cells are interspersed in the cellular matrix, has been broadly studied. Previous research has highlighted a crucial balance of CCN prote

Spatiotemperal Dynamics of Osteoarthritis: Преобразование значений от стенда до Бедсайда.

Остеоартрит (OA) представляет собой многогранное дегенеративное совместное расстройство, вызванное различными факторами риска, такими, как возраст, механический стресс, воспаление и метаболическое воздействие. Эти элементы способствуют его разнообразным фенотипам и эндотипам, что подчеркивает имманентную сложность болезни. Участие нескольких тканей и их взаимодействие еще больше осложняет расследование ОА. Нынешние ограничения в области технологий пространственного фенотификации в сочетании со сложной сетью многофакторных взаимодействий препятствуют обнаружению надежных ранних диагностических

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… The most advanced stage is characterised by total loss of hyaline cartilage, exposing the underlying bone, which may exhibit increased density and thickness [ 121 ]. This stage may also involve fibrocartilage repair, which can fill the eroded cartilage volume. …

Histone modifications: Unveiling the epigenetic enigma of degenerative skeletal diseases.

Degenerative skeletal diseases, including osteoporosis, osteoarthritis, and intervertebral disc degeneration, are prevalent age-related conditions characterized by progressive tissue degeneration and functional decline. Histone modifications are covalent modifications of histone residues, catalyzed by specific enzymes, that modulate chromatin architecture and transcriptional activity. Accumulating evidence highlights the critical involvement of histone modifications in orchestrating disease-associated transcriptional programs. In osteoporosis, histone modifications regulate osteoblast and oste

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… Fig. 3 Histone modifications regulate extracellular matrix Articular cartilage mainly refers to hyaline cartilage, which consists of chondrocytes, extracellular matrix (ECM), and water, and is a non-vascularized tissue that enables joint movement by providing a smooth surface with minimal friction …

The pathological anatomical collection of the Natural History Museum Vienna.

The pathological anatomical collection Vienna (Pathologisch-Anatomische Sammlung Wien; PASW) is a living and still growing research collection. It was established as early as 1796 as part of the Medical University of Vienna, acquired the status of an independent federal museum in 1971, and was assigned to the Natural History Museum Vienna in 2012. It houses a wide range of human wet and dry specimens and further objects, such as moulages, medical devices, microbiological and histological specimens, and a photo archive (approximately 50,000 objects), which, as a meaningful source, may contribut

Musculoskeletal Organs-on-Chips: An Emerging Platform for Studying the Nanotechnology-Biology Interface.

Nanotechnology-based approaches are promising for the treatment of musculoskeletal (MSK) disorders, which present significant clinical burdens and challenges, but their clinical translation requires a deep understanding of the complex interplay between nanotechnology and MSK biology. Organ-on-a-chip (OoC) systems have emerged as an innovative and versatile microphysiological platform to replicate the dynamics of tissue microenvironment for studying nanotechnology-biology interactions. This review first covers recent advances and applications of MSK OoCs and their ability to mimic the biophysic

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… Among the three prevalent cartilage types, hyaline cartilage is the most common and often referred to as articular cartilage due to its coverage of bone extremities. [ 51 ] Unlike its connective tissue counterparts, articular cartilage has no lymphatic vessels, nerves, or vascular networks. …

Eternal Youth: A Comprehensive Exploration of Gene, Cellular, and Pharmacological Anti-Aging Strategies.

The improvement of human living conditions has led to an increase in average life expectancy, creating a new social and medical problem-aging, which diminishes the overall quality of human life. The aging process of the body begins with the activation of effector signaling pathways of aging in cells, resulting in the loss of their normal functions and deleterious effects on the microenvironment. This, in turn, leads to chronic inflammation and similar transformations in neighboring cells. The cumulative retention of these senescent cells over a prolonged period results in the deterioration of

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… The application of autologous microfragmented adipose tissue with SVF in patients with knee osteoarthritis increased glycosaminoglycan levels in hyaline cartilage in older patients (63+ years of age), resulting in decreased pain and improved motor ability [ 101 ]. …

Comparing the Therapeutic Potential of Stem Cells and their Secretory Products in Regenerative Medicine.

Cell therapy involves the transplantation of human cells to replace or repair the damaged tissues and modulate the mechanisms underlying disease initiation and progression in the body. Nowadays, many different types of cell-based therapy are developed and used to treat a variety of diseases. In the past decade, cell-free therapy has emerged as a novel approach in regenerative medicine after the discovery that the transplanted cells exerted their therapeutic effect mainly through the secretion of paracrine factors. More and more evidence showed that stem cell-derived secretome, i.e., growth fac

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… Allogeneic bone marrow-derived MSCs (BMSCs) mixed with autologous chondrocytes have been transplanted into the knee joint of patients with symptomatic cartilage defect, and the results showed the regeneration of hyaline cartilage with a high concentration of proteoglycans and type II collagen at 12 months …

Chest and Mediastinum

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In Vivo Bone Tissue Engineering Strategies: Advances and Prospects.

Reconstruction of critical-sized bone defects remains a tremendous challenge for surgeons worldwide. Despite the variety of surgical techniques, current clinical strategies for bone defect repair demonstrate significant limitations and drawbacks, including donor-site morbidity, poor anatomical match, insufficient bone volume, bone graft resorption, and rejection. Bone tissue engineering (BTE) has emerged as a novel approach to guided bone tissue regeneration. BTE focuses on in vitro manipulations with seed cells, growth factors and bioactive scaffolds using bioreactors. The successful clinical