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ICAR 2011. Italian Conference on AIDS and Retroviruses, Florence, Italy, 27-29 March 2011. Abstracts.

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Research progress on the clinical application and mechanism of iguratimod in the treatment of autoimmune diseases and rheumatic diseases.

Autoimmune diseases are affected by complex pathophysiology involving multiple cell types, cytokines, antibodies and mimicking factors. Different drugs are used to improve these autoimmune responses, including nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs), corticosteroids, antibodies, and small molecule drugs (DMARDs), which are prevalent clinically in the treatment of rheumatoid arthritis (RA), etc. However, low cost-effectiveness, reduced efficacy, adverse effects, and patient non-response are unattractive factors driving the development of new drugs such as iguratimod. As a new disease-modi

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… Compared with traditional DMARDs such as methotrexate (MTX) and leflunomide, it has fewer side effects and higher safety ( 23 ). … Prospective Based on the current research reports, it can be found that: (1) Compared with drugs such as MTX and leflunomide, iguratimod, as a new type of DMARDs, has a new mechanism of action and clinical features. …

Early intervention in the treatment of rheumatoid arthritis: focus on tocilizumab.

Tocilizumab is a fully humanized monoclonal antibody against interleukin-6 receptors that was approved for the treatment of patients with rheumatoid arthritis (RA). Several lines of evidence, obtained both from conventional disease-modifying anti-rheumatic drugs (DMARDs) and tumor necrosis factor (TNF) inhibitors, have supported the concept of "window of opportunity" as showing that these therapies consistently work better in early disease as compared to established RA. This review addresses the question of whether a window of opportunity gained with conventional DMARDs and TNF inhibitors can

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… in the TCZ group received 8 mg/kg of TCZ every 4 weeks, while those in the control group received treatment with any conventional DMARDs (56% received a combination of MTX and DMARDs, 29% received MTX monotherapy, and 14% received DMARDs other than MTX as monotherapy), except for TNF inhibitors or leflunomide …

Drug Repurposing in Oncology: A Systematic Review of Randomized Controlled Clinical Trials.

Quality pharmacological treatment can improve survival in many types of cancer. Drug repurposing offers advantages in comparison with traditional drug development procedures, reducing time and risk. This systematic review identified the most recent randomized controlled clinical trials that focus on drug repurposing in oncology. We found that only a few clinical trials were placebo-controlled or standard-of-care-alone-controlled. Metformin has been studied for potential use in various types of cancer, including prostate, lung, and pancreatic cancer. Other studies assessed the possible use of t

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… Examples were trials that studied the potential use of the antiparasitic agent mebendazole [ 19 , 20 , 21 ], various renin-angiotensin system modulators [ 22 ], or disulfiram [ 23 ], for gliomas; the antiprotozoal pyrimethamine [ 24 ], or the immunosuppressant leflunomide [ 25 ], for hematological cancers … Repurposing leflunomide for relapsed/refractory multiple myeloma: A phase 1 study Leuk. Lymphoma 2020 61 1669 1677 10.1080/10428194.2020.1742900 32268821 PMC7384948 26. Masuda T. Noda M. Kogawa T. Kitagawa D. Hayashi N. Jomori T. Nakanishi Y. Nakayama K.I. Ohno S. Mimori K. …

Аутоиммунные заболевания и инфекция микобактерии.

Микобактиальные инфекции и аутоиммунные заболевания затрагивают многих людей во всем мире, и все больше данных свидетельствует о наличии двунаправленных связей. В настоящем обзоре рассматриваются механизмы, с помощью которых различные аутоиммунные заболевания предрасположены пациентов к микобактическим инфекциям, и наоборот. Мы провели поиск PubMed/MedLINE с использованием ключевых слов "mycobacterium" и названий аутоиммунных условий для идентификации соответствующих документов. РЕЗУЛЬТАТЫ: Ремуатоидальная артритная терапия, особенно ингибиторы TNF-α, повышает риск туберкулеза (ТБ) и нетуберку

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… A few cases of TB were also reported with leflunomide, an immunomodulator and immunosuppressant that inhibit synthesis of pyrimidine, with a mechanism similar to teriflunomide [ 89 ]. …

Comorbidities in Black South Africans with established rheumatoid arthritis.

OBJECTIVE: Comorbidities contribute both to morbidity and mortality in rheumatoid arthritis (RA). The aim of the current study was to investigate the prevalence and spectrum of comorbidities in South Africans with established RA. METHODS: A retrospective, consecutive case record review of 500 Black South African patients with established disease of ≥5 years attending a tertiary rheumatology service was performed. Common comorbidities including those listed in the Charlson Comorbidity Score (CCS) were documented. RESULTS: Most patients, 463 known alive (AG) and 37 known deceased (DG), were fe

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… Most patients were treated with NSAIDs (98.8%), methotrexate (MTX) (95.4%), other DMARDs including sulfasalazine, leflunomide, chloroquine (93.0%) and low‐dose oral prednisone (85.8%). A minority of patients were treated with biologics (3.6%). …

Распространение и идентификация типа 1 диабет у взрослых китайцев с недавно диагностированным диабетом.

АИМ: Цель этого исследования заключалась в оценке распространенности скрытого аутоиммунного диабета среди взрослых (ЛАДА) и классического типа 1 Диагноз сахарного диабета (T1DM) у недавно диагностировавшегося взрослого диабета в Китае. МЕТОД: Это перекрестное исследование 17,349 вновь диагностированный диабет у взрослых ≥30 лет с 46 Больницы 31 месяцев. Демографические характеристики, клинические особенности и медицинская история были собраны квалифицированными исследователями. T1DM в целом состояли из классических T1DM и ЛАДА. Классический T1DM был определен на основе клинического фенотипа ин

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… He was a 25-year-old man with obesity and complex underlying comorbidities including lupus nephritis, chronic kidney disease, renal hypertension, renal anemia, uremic cardiomyopathy, and post congenital heart surgery, and he had long term self-medication with immunosuppressant such as prednisone and leflunomide …

CAR-T Therapy Can Be a Useful Treatment Modality for More Than Just Hematologic Malignancies.

Chimeric antigen receptor-T-cell (CAR-T) therapy for hematologic malignancies has made significant advancements over the years, and it is now incorporated as a treatment algorithm. Early phase clinical trials are underway for various solid tumors, and the effectiveness of CAR-T cell therapy has been demonstrated for specific types of glioma and several solid tumors. However, its efficacy does not match that observed in hematological malignancies. Recently, a case series reported CAR-T cell therapy targeting CD19 for autoimmune diseases such as systemic lupus erythematosus, leading to a dramati

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… He had previously been treated with steroids, methotrexate, leflunomide, baricitinib, RTX, azathioprine, and immunoglobulin but was unresponsive. …

Relapsing polychondritis: state of the art on clinical practice guidelines.

Due to the rarity of relapsing polychondritis (RP), many unmet needs remain in the management of RP. Here, we present a systematic review of clinical practice guidelines (CPGs) published for RP, as well as a list of the most striking unmet needs for this rare disease. We carried out a systematic search in PubMed and Embase based on controlled terms (medical subject headings and Emtree) and keywords of the disease and publication type (CPGs). The systematic literature review identified 20 citations, among which no CPGs could be identified. We identified 11 main areas with unmet needs in the fie

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… Conventional disease-modifying antirheumatic drugs (cDMARDs) are employed as glucorticoid-sparing agents or in cases of more severe disease: methotrexate, azathioprine, ciclosporin, leflunomide, mycophenolate mofetil, cyclophosphamide and so on, sometimes in a ladder-step increment. 11 No clinical trials …

Drug-Induced Pulmonary Toxicity in the Era of Immunotherapy and Biologics: A Narrative Review of Mechanism, Diagnosis, and Management.

Drug-induced interstitial lung disease (DI-ILD) has emerged as a clinically significant complication associated with a broadening spectrum of therapeutic agents. DI-ILD can result in significant morbidity and mortality if not promptly diagnosed and treated. In this review, we synthesize current evidence concerning the epidemiology, risk factors, pathophysiological mechanisms, clinical manifestations, diagnostic approaches, and management strategies of DI-ILD, with focused emphasis on three major therapeutic groups: immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs), chimeric antigen receptor T-cell (CAR-T) t

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… reticulation; honeycombing ± traction bronchiectasis; minimal ground glass Bleomycin, cyclophosphamide, TNF-α inhibitors Nonspecific interstitial pneumonia Bilateral ground glass with fine reticulation; traction bronchiectasis; lower lobe predominance; subpleural sparing Methotrexate, nitrofurantoin, leflunomide … reticulation; honeycombing ± traction bronchiectasis; minimal ground glass | Bleomycin, cyclophosphamide, TNF-α inhibitors Nonspecific interstitial pneumonia | Bilateral ground glass with fine reticulation; traction bronchiectasis; lower lobe predominance; subpleural sparing | Methotrexate, nitrofurantoin, leflunomide …

Systemic complications of rheumatoid arthritis: Focus on pathogenesis and treatment.

As a systemic autoimmune disease, rheumatoid arthritis (RA) usually causes damage not only to joints, but also to other tissues and organs including the heart, kidneys, lungs, digestive system, eyes, skin, and nervous system. Excessive complications are closely related to the prognosis of RA patients and even lead to increased mortality. This article summarizes the serious complications of RA, focusing on its incidence, pathogenesis, clinical features, and treatment methods, aiming to provide a reference for clinicians to better manage the complications of RA.

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… Both MTX and leflunomide can improve joint and vascular inflammation in patients with Felty syndrome ( 160 ). Currently, the most widely used drug is rituximab, an anti-CD20 monoclonal antibody that acts against mature B cells and has been approved for the treatment of complex RA. … Clinical therapeutic drug | Possible mechanism Abatacept ( 158 ) | Induce the formation of neutrophils Methotrexate , Leflunomide ( 160 ) | Reducing disease activity Rituximab ( 161 ) | Against mature B cells Tocilizumab ( 162 ) | Reducing disease activity 7 Sleep disorders in RA Pathogenesis of sleep …

Safety and efficacy of low-dose intravenous arsenic trioxide in systemic lupus erythematosus: an open-label phase IIa trial (Lupsenic).

BackgroundLupus animal model has shown that arsenic trioxide (ATO), a treatment of acute promyelocytic leukaemia, could be effective in SLE. This is the first clinical study to determine the safety and efficacy of a short course of intravenous ATO in patients with active SLE.MethodsThis phase IIa, open-label, dose-escalating study enrolled 11 adult SLE patients with a non-organ threatening disease, clinically active despite conventional therapy. Patients received 10 IV infusions of ATO within 24 days. The first group received 0.10 mg/kg per injection, with dose-escalating to 0.15 mg/kg in a se

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… Table 2 Patients baseline characteristics and ATO efficacy at week 24 ATO arsenic trioxide, AZA azathioprine, anti-Fcg-R mAb anti-Fc gamma-receptor monoclonal antibody, BELI belimumab, Ci ciclosporine, CYC cyclophosphamide, EPRA epratuzumab, HCQ hydroxychloroquine, IS immunosuppressant, LEFLU leflunomide …

Выявляется высокий уровень использования медицинских услуг после операции на шейном позвоночнике с использованием комплексных методов прогнозирования.

Расходы на медицинское обслуживание пациентов с хроническими заболеваниями позвоночника и пациентов, проходящих хирургическую операцию, продолжают расти заметными темпами. Таким образом, выявление пациентов, подверженных риску в плане более широкого использования послеоперационного медицинского обслуживания, имеет решающее значение для оптимизации результатов медицинского обслуживания и распределения ресурсов. Цель нашего исследования заключается в использовании целого ряда предоперабельных характеристик пациентов, включая всеобъемлющую медицинскую, хирургическую и социальную историю, для разр

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… quazepam”, “temazepam”, “triazolam” | Immunosuppressants | “mycophenolate”, “etanercept”, “adalimumab”, “azathioprine”, “cyclosporine”, “tacrolimus”, “sirolimus”, “infliximab”, “natalizumab”, “methotrexate”, “certolizumab”, “prednisone”, “dexamethasone”, “cortisone”, “hydrocortisone”, “prednisolone”, “leflunomide …

Sarcoidosis and autoimmunity: In the depth of a complex relationship.

Sarcoidosis is a chronic granulomatous disease that can virtually affect any organ. Its etiology is unknown, although it has been proposed that environmental or biological agents can act as triggers, ultimately leading to chronic inflammation in genetically predisposed individuals. The main component of sarcoid inflammation is represented by an exaggerated T- lymphocytic cellular response to a putative antigen that could not be efficiently cleared in the patient. However, several clinical and immunological observations, such as the association of sarcoidosis to autoimmune diseases or the prese

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… Oral corticosteroids are the first line of treatment, generally with a starting dose of 0.5–0.75 mg of prednisolone per kg of body weight daily; second-line therapy includes corticosteroid-sparing agents, such as azathioprine, methotrexate, mycophenolate mofetil, cyclosporine, cyclophosphamide, leflunomide …

Acute Kidney Injury in Oncology Patients.

With rapid progress in cancer diagnosis and treatment in the last two decades, outcomes in oncological patients have improved significantly. However, the incidence of acute kidney injury (AKI) in this population has also increased significantly. AKI complicates many aspects of patients' care and adversely affects their prognoses; thus, accurately diagnosing the risk factors for AKI ensures appropriate management. AKI may be caused by pre-renal, intrinsic renal, and post-renal reasons, as well as for combined reasons. This review summarizes the potential etiologies of AKI according to the three

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… Massive hematuria, flank pain, fever and AKI, as well as high viral load, are suggestive of nephritis, which may be confirmed by renal biopsy, and guide decisions toward more aggressive treatment with cidofovir or leflunomide 49 , 50 . …

Cellular miRNA-31 and miRNA-125b as predictors of remission and major disease improvement in patients with early rheumatoid arthritis.

Rheumatoid arthritis (RA) is an autoimmune disease that impairs quality of life, highlighting the need for novel biomarkers for early diagnosis and improve disease management. This study explored the cellular microRNAs (miRNAs) profile in early RA to identify potential predictors of therapeutic response. We measured a panel of 768 miRNAs in peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) from two early RA cohorts (< 6 months), stratified by sustained SDAI/CDAI remission and non-response to conventional therapy over 12 months. Initial screening identified 13 differentially expressed miRNAs (≥ 1.5-fo

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… ± 27.85 | 8.40 ± 10.97 | 6.57 ± 7.54 | NA CRP(mg/l) | 12.71 (22.40) | 3.38 (3.99) | 2.69 (3.56) | 1.00 (1.62) ESR (mm/h) | 28.00 (27.25) | 15.50 (13) | 14.00 (15) | NA Treatment initiation | Baseline | 3 months | 6 months | Glucocorticoids (n) | 46 | 48 | 38 | – Methotrexate (n) | 32 | 49 | 48 | – Leflunomide …

Клинические характеристики, диагноз, лечение и прогноз заболевания сывороткой ритуксимаба: ретроспективный анализ 39 Количество зарегистрированных случаев.

Заболевание сывороткой, вызванное ритуксимабом (РИСС), представляет собой необычайно запоздалую гиперчувствительность, характеризующуюся неполной клиническими характеристиками и управлением. Мы намеревались обобщить опубликованные доклады/серии с целью определения клинических моделей, терапевтических стратегий и результатов. МЕТОДЫ: PubMed, EMBASE, Web of Science, WanFang Data и China National Knowledge Infrastructure (CNKI) были найдены отчеты о болезни сыворотки, выпущенные до ноября 31, 2025, используя ключевые слова и свободные текстовые термины (например, "Rituximab", "Serum Bealth", "Ser

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… (17.9%) Rituximab dose (26) a | 250 mg/m² | 1 (3.8%) 350 mg/m² | 1 (3.8%) 375 mg/m² | 15 (57.7%) 500 mg | 1 (3.8%) 1000 mg | 8 (30.8%) Concomitant medications (13) a | Clemastine | 3 (23.1%) Azathioprine | 2 (15.4%) Tacrolimus | 2 (15.4%) Romiplostim: | 1 (7.7%) Methotrexate + hydroxychloroquine + leflunomide …

Characteristics of registered clinical trials assessing treatments for COVID-19: a cross-sectional analysis.

OBJECTIVES: The coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic has prompted many initiatives to identify safe and efficacious treatments, yet little is known regarding where early efforts have focused. We aimed to characterise registered clinical trials assessing drugs or plasma treatments for COVID-19. DESIGN, SETTING AND PARTICIPANTS: Cross-sectional analysis of clinical trials for the treatment of COVID-19 that were registered in the USA or in countries contributing to the WHO's International Clinical Trials Registry Platform. Relevant trial entries of drugs or plasma were downloaded on 26 M

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… Leflunomide | 1 | Pyrimidine synthesis inhibitor. | Rheumatoid arthritis and psoriatic arthritis. Pirfenidone | 3 | Not yet known; reduce fibroblasts production. | Idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis. Sarilumab | 4 | Interleukin-6 receptor antagonist. | Rheumatoid arthritis. …

Role of T cells and cytokines in the pathogenesis of rheumatoid arthritis.

Rheumatoid arthritis (RA) is a long-term autoimmune disease. It causes persistent joint inflammation, aberrant tissue growth, and progressive joint deterioration. T cells have a key role in the onset of RA. They identify and trigger other immune cells, and produce inflammatory signals such as interleukin-6 (IL-6), interleukin-17 (IL-17), and tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α). Prolonged inflammation and tissue damage are caused by an imbalance between regulatory T cells (Tregs) and pro-inflammatory T helper 17 (Th17) cells. Additionally, the condition is exacerbated by uncontrolled cytokine netwo

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… In contrast, disease-modifying antirheumatic drugs (DMARDs) provide benefits by targeting the activation of immune cells, especially T cells and their cytokine signalling. csDMARDs, such as Methotrexate, hydroxychloroquine, leflunomide, and sulfasalazine, directly impact T cell antigen presentation, … Retention of triple therapy with methotrexate, sulfasalazine, and hydroxychloroquine compared to combination methotrexate and leflunomide in rheumatoid arthritis. Jt. Bone Spine. 2024 doi: 10.1016/j.jbspin.2024.105732. 8. Zhao L., Zheng K., Wan X., Xiao Q., Yuan L., Wu C., Bao J. …

Клинопатологические характеристики и результаты у пациентов с диабетической нефропатией сосуществуют с идиопатичной мембранопатией: ретроспективное исследование наблюдений.

Диабетическая нефропатия часто сосуществует с мембранозной нефропатией (МН), однако их комбинированные клинические характеристики и прогнозы по-прежнему плохо понимаются. Мы ретроспективно проанализировали 276 пациентов с биопсическим заболеванием почек в период с 2015 по 2023 год, в том числе 34 пациента с диабетической нефропатией и MN (DN-MN), 44 больных сахарным диабетом в сочетании с MN (DM-MN) и 198 пациентов MN. Клинические проявления, патологические характеристики, режимы лечения и результаты сравнивались между тремя группами, и была построена номограмма для прогнозирования полной реми

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… Shang et al. found that leflunomide (LEF) combined with low-dose glucocorticoid methylprednisolone was more effective for DN-MN patients than LEF monotherapy [ 32 ]. …