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Therapeutic potential of testosterone in hypogonadal males with MAFLD via AMPK pathways: Evidence from in vitro and in vivo high-fat diet models.

Metabolic dysfunction-associated fatty liver disease (MAFLD) has been closely linked to testosterone (T) deficiency, yet no approved pharmacological treatments are currently available. This study explores the therapeutic potential of T therapy in hypogonadal males with MAFLD, focusing on its effects on AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK) pathways. We utilized a high-fat (HF) diet-induced fatty liver and hypogonadism model in adult male C57BL/6N mice, alongside liver cell models (AML12 and THLE-3), to replicate MAFLD pathogenesis associated with overweight or obesity. Our results reveal that T

Микроглиа регулирует расчистку миелин и метаболизм холестерина после демиелинации с помощью интерферона регулирующего коэффициента 5.

Регулирующий фактор интерферона 5 (IRF5) — это фактор транскрипции, который играет определенную роль в организации врожденной иммунной реакции, особенно в ответ на вирусные инфекции. В частности, IRF5 был определен как ген микроглийного риска, связанный с множественным склерозом (MS), однако его конкретная роль в патогенезе MS остается неясной. С помощью ирф5-/- мышей наше исследование обнаруживает неканоническую функцию IRF5 в восстановлении MS. Ирф5-/- мыши продемонстрировали повышенный ущерб в экспериментальной модели аутоиммунной энцефаломиелита (EAE) и продемонстрировали неисправный набор

Совпадение в аннотации оригинала
Interferon regulatory factor 5 (IRF5) is a transcription factor that plays a role in orchestrating innate immune responses, particularly in … lia phagocytose myelin, but myelin debris is not adequately degraded, leading to an accumulation of lipid droplets, cholesterol esters, and cholesterol crystals within demyelinating lesions. This abnormal buildup can hinder remyelination processes. Importantly, treatments that promote cholesterol transport were found to reduce lipid droplet accumulation and miti …

The effect of infant formula-based powder containing milk fat globule membrane on the 4-kingdom cornerstone microbiota in the feces and the immune ability of suckling rats.

Growing evidence demonstrates that the 4-kingdom intestinal microbiota (FKIM) play a critical role in improving the body's immune processes. Three batches of experiments were conducted to study the effects of infant formula-based powder (IFBP) containing milk fat globule membrane (MFGM), human milk oligosaccharides, and probiotics, respectively, on the FKIM of suckling rats, with the IFBP serving as the control. Compared with the control, 3 functional components could increase the body weight and improve the composition of FKIM. Notably, suckling rats supplemented with MFGM had significantly h

Inducible lipid storage and steatosis in the human choroid plexus associated with age and adiposity.

Cells that store lipids for other cells or organs can contain "giant" or large lipid droplets (LLDs) greater than 2 µm in diameter. In this study, human postmortem choroid plexus was evaluated for lipid droplets. Staining with hematoxylin and eosin (H&E), the lipophilic dye Oil red O, and anti-adipophilin antibodies established the presence of LLDs exceeding 10 µm in diameter in choroid plexus epithelial cells (CPECs). Manual annotation of H&E stains from 105 cases revealed a significant association between age and the percentage of CPECs containing LLDs (reaching up to 69%) and involving LLDs…

Stem cell factor-mediated upregulation of SIRT1 protects melanin-deprived keratinocytes against UV-induced DNA damage in individuals with vitiligo.

Despite the loss of melanocytes, individuals with vitiligo have a significantly lower risk of developing skin malignancies compared to ethnicity-matched controls. The study investigated the molecular mechanisms that protect skin cells (keratinocytes) from UV-B-induced DNA damage in individuals with vitiligo. The study found that upregulation of stem cell factor (SCF) signaling significantly reduced γ-H2AX positivity and cyclobutane pyrimidine dimer formation and improved mitochondrial health (elongated mitochondria, reduced reactive oxygen species [ROS] and lipid peroxidation) in keratinocytes

TMEM106B Puncta Is Increased in Multiple Sclerosis Plaques, and Reduced Protein in Mice Results in Delayed Lipid Clearance Following CNS Injury.

During inflammatory, demyelinating diseases such as multiple sclerosis (MS), inflammation and axonal damage are prevalent early in the cours … yelitis. Additionally, the corpora callosa from cuprizone-challenged hypomorphic mice fail to clear lipid droplets efficiently during remyelination, suggesting that when TMEM106B is compromised, protein and lipid clearance by the lysosome is delayed. As TMEM106B contains putative lipid- and LC3-binding sites, further exploration of these sites is warranted.

Vegetable lecithins: A review of their compositional diversity, impact on lipid metabolism and potential in cardiometabolic disease prevention.

Vegetable lecithins, widely used in the food industry as emulsifiers, are a mixture of naturally occurring lipids containing more than 50% of phospholipids (PL). PL exert numerous important physiological effects. Their amphiphilic nature notably enables them to stabilise endogenous lipid droplets, conferring them an important role in lipoprotein transport, functionality and metabolism. In addition, beneficial effects of dietary lecithin on metabolic disorders have been reported since the 1990s. This review attempts to summarize the effects of various vegetable lecithins on lipid and lipoprotei…

The influence of dietary structures composed of different fat globule interfaces on lipid metabolism in mice with a high-fat diet.

The composition of the fat globule interface significantly affects the lipid metabolism in infants. To investigate the effects of dietary structures with different fat globule interface compositions on lipid metabolism in mice fed a high-fat diet (HFD), mice were fed a diet supplemented with milk fat globule membrane (MFGM), milk polar lipid (MPL), and milk protein concentrate (MPC) from 21 to 42 days after birth, and a high-fat diet from 42 to 63 days after birth. The results showed that the three intervention groups improved the effects of HFD on the body weight and organ indices of mice to

tRF-His-GTG-1 promotes Salmonella survival through modulation of lipid metabolism and immune signaling.

BACKGROUND: Patients with systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) are highly susceptible to severe infections, with non-typhoidal Salmonella (NTS) often progressing to life-threatening bacteremia. However, the mechanisms underlying this heightened vulnerability remain unclear. Lipid droplets (LDs), key immunometabolic hubs, have been implicated in facilitating Salmonella survival within phagocytes. We identified the tRNA-derived small RNA (tsRNA) tRF-His-GTG-1 as upregulated in SLE and correlated with disease activity. This study investigates the signaling and functional roles of tRF-His-GTG-1 in L…

New observations on the effect of camellia oil on fatty liver disease in rats.

Camellia oil has become an important plant oil in China in recent years, but its effects on non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) have not been documented. In this study, the effects of camellia oil, soybean oil, and olive oil on NAFLD were evaluated by analyzing the fatty acid profiles of the plant oils, the serum lipids and lipoproteins of rats fed different oils, and by cytological and ultrastructural observation of the rats' hepatocytes. Analysis of fatty acid profiles showed that the polyunsaturated fatty acid (PUFA) n-6/n-3 ratio was 33.33 in camellia oil, 12.50 in olive oil, and 7.6

Microduplication of 16p11.2 locus Potentiates Hypertrophic Obesity in Association with Imbalanced Triglyceride Metabolism in White Adipose Tissue.

SCOPE: Copy number variation (CNV) of 16p11.2 is a common genetic factor contributing to the etiology of abnormal weight status, while the u … study finds the triglyceride (TG) accumulation in dp/+ mice in association with the dysfunction of lipid droplets. Validation of TG-metabolism-associated genes in WAT and in primary cultured adipocytes show enhanced TG synthesis and declined TG hydrolysis in the dp/+ model. CONCLUSION: This study elucidates that the imbalanced TG synthesis/hydrolysis in adipoc …

Electron microscopical study to assess the in vitro effects of the synthetic trioxolane OZ78 against the liver fluke, Fasciola hepatica.

Adult Fasciola hepatica were incubated for 48 h in vitro in the synthetic peroxide, OZ78 at a concentration of 100 microg/ml and then prepar … um and of the mitochondria, with the latter showing signs of breaking down. Autophagic vacuoles and lipid droplets were present and the synthesis of tegumental secretory bodies was much reduced. The gastrodermal cells were severely affected, with swelling and degeneration of the mitochondria and the presence of autophagic vacuoles and lipid droplets. The granula …

Effect of hCG on the morphology of rat epididymal epithelial cells in vitro.

The epididymis is an androgen-dependent organ. The hormones regulate the morphology and secretory activity of the epididymal epithelial cell … l cells cultured with DHT formed a monolayer and accumulated glycogen, a PAS-positive substance and lipid droplets. The cells cultured without DHT were stellate in shape and low in glycogen and PASpositive substance but they contained lipid droplets. The morphology of epididymal epithelial cells cultured without DHT but after stimulation with hCG was similar to …

Mutations in CGI-58, the gene encoding a new protein of the esterase/lipase/thioesterase subfamily, in Chanarin-Dorfman syndrome.

Chanarin-Dorfman syndrome (CDS) is a rare autosomal recessive form of nonbullous congenital ichthyosiform erythroderma (NCIE) that is characterized by the presence of intracellular lipid droplets in most tissues. We previously localized a gene for a subset of NCIE to chromosome 3 (designated "the NCIE2 locus"), in six families. Lipid droplets were found in five of these six families, suggesting a diagnosis of CDS. Four additional families selected on the basis of a confirmed diagnosis of CDS also showed linkage to the NCIE2 locus. Linkage-disequilibrium analysis of these families, all from the…

Long-term arsenic exposure causes epithelial-mesenchymal transition and kidney fibrosis accompanied by renal lipid metabolic disorders.

Chronic kidney disease (CKD) represents one of the global public health challenges. Several epidemiological reports indicate that environmental arsenic exposure is associated with CKD. This study aimed to investigate the effect of long-term arsenic exposure on renal lipid metabolism during the development of kidney fibrosis. Adult C57BL/6 mice were administered NaAsO2 (3 or 15 mg/L) in drinking water for 6 months. Urinary protein, NGAL, α1-MG and β2-MG, markers of tubular injury, were increased in arsenic-exposed mice. In the later stage, renal inflammation and epithelial-mesenchymal transitio

Lipid-Independent Regulation of PLIN5 via IL-6 through the JAK/STAT3 Axis in Hep3B Cells.

Perilipin 5 (PLIN5) is a lipid droplet coat protein that is highly expressed in oxidative tissues such as those of muscles, the heart and the liver. PLIN5 expression is regulated by a family of peroxisome proliferator-activated receptors (PPARs) and modulated by the cellular lipid status. So far, research has focused on the role of PLIN5 in the context of non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) and specifically in lipid droplet formation and lipolysis, where PLIN5 serves as a regulator of lipid metabolism. In addition, there are only limited studies connecting PLIN5 to hepatocellular carcino

Perchlorate exposure does not induce obesity or non-alcoholic fatty liver disease in zebrafish.

Perchlorate is a water-soluble contaminant found throughout the United States and many other countries. Perchlorate competitively inhibits i … d whole body lipid accumulation. In a representative section of the liver, we counted the number of lipid droplets and measured the area of each droplet and the total lipid area. For whole body analysis, we calculated the ratio of lipid area to body area within a section. We found that zebrafish exposed to perchlorate did not differ in any measured liver variabl …

Why are cats prone to kidney disease?

Cats can accumulate intracellular fat droplets in their kidneys, even from a young age, which may lead to kidney disease. Here, Georgina Mills reports on new research that looks at the incidence and the types of lipids present.

Incorporation of Oligo(Styrene), Oligo(Butadiene), Oligo(Methyl Methacrylate), and Oligo(tert-Butyl Acrylate) Droplets in Giant Unilamellar Vesicles.

In the environment, microplastics fragment and degrade into plastic oligomers, posing potential risks to ecosystems and human health. In the present study, the interactions between giant unilamellar vesicles (GUVs) and liquid droplets of oligo(styrene), oligo(butadiene), oligo(methyl methacrylate), and oligo(tert-butyl acrylate) were investigated using fluorescence microscopy. GUVs were used in a homogeneous fluid state or in a phase-separated state consisting of either a liquid-disordered (Ld) phase and a solid-ordered (So) phase, or a Ld phase and a liquid-ordered (Lo) phase. The effects of

LARS1 Promotes Tubular Epithelial Cells Epithelial Mesenchymal Transition in Chronic Kidney Disease by Inhibiting Lipophagy.

Tubulointerstitial fibrosis (TIF), a critical pathological hallmark in progressive chronic kidney disease (CKD), may be potentiated by renal lipid metabolism dysregulation and ectopic lipid deposition, though these processes likely exhibit bidirectional interactions with fibrotic progression Lipophagy is a type of selective autophagy that specifically recognizes lipid droplets and is accountable for lipid stability and metabolism. It serves as a link between lipid metabolism and autophagy. It was found that a positive correlation between elevated LARS1 expression and the severity of renal inte…