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Improvement to East African style experimental huts allows for more effective evaluation of vector control products for protection against vector-borne diseases.

BACKGROUND: East African style experimental huts have been used in Tanzania since 1963 to evaluate vector control interventions such as insecticide-treated nets and indoor residual spraying. Over time, these huts have been modified to include eave baffles to minimise mosquito escape. In this study, we evaluated the impact of increasing baffle size and using netting to funnel mosquito entry into the room and prevent escape. We also explored mosquito entry behaviour using a sticky trap positioned on the hut exterior to determine if this behaviour could be leveraged for vector control. METHODS:

Pyrethroid Resistance in Anopheles gambiae s.l.: A Focus on Permethrin and Deltamethrin for Malaria Vector Control.

BACKGROUND: Malaria remains a major public health concern, and sub-Saharan Africa accounts for a significant proportion of global cases. A k … d deltamethrin in An. gambiae s.l. population in Zuba. Routine resistance surveillance and tailored mosquito control strategies are essential for sustaining mosquito control efforts in this region.

Malaria vector control in sub-Saharan Africa: complex trade-offs to combat the growing threat of insecticide resistance.

Mass distribution of insecticide-treated nets (ITNs) has been a key factor in reducing malaria cases and deaths in sub-Saharan Africa. A shortcoming has been the over-reliance on pyrethroid insecticides, with more than 2·13 billion pyrethroid ITNs (PY ITNs) distributed in the past two decades, leading to widespread pyrethroid resistance. Progressive changes are occurring, with increased deployment of more effective pyrethroid-chlorfenapyr (PY-CFP) or pyrethroid-piperonyl butoxide (PY-PBO) ITNs in areas of pyrethroid resistance. In 2023, PY-PBO ITNs accounted for 58% of all ITNs shipped to sub-

Lethal and sublethal impacts of membrane-fed ivermectin are concentration dependent in Anopheles coluzzii.

BACKGROUND: Ivermectin is a well-tolerated anthelminthic drug with wide clinical and veterinary applications. It also has lethal and sublethal effects on mosquitoes. Mass drug administration with ivermectin has therefore been suggested as an innovative vector control tool in efforts to curb emerging insecticide resistance and reduce residual malaria transition. To support assessments of the feasibility and efficacy of current and future formulations of ivermectin for vector control, we sought to establish the relationship between ivermectin concentration and its lethal and sublethal impacts in

Automatic mapping of high-risk urban areas for Aedes aegypti infestation based on building facade image analysis.

BACKGROUND: Dengue, Zika, and chikungunya, whose viruses are transmitted mainly by Aedes aegypti, significantly impact human health worldwide. Despite the recent development of promising vaccines against the dengue virus, controlling these arbovirus diseases still depends on mosquito surveillance and control. Nonetheless, several studies have shown that these measures are not sufficiently effective or ineffective. Identifying higher-risk areas in a municipality and directing control efforts towards them could improve it. One tool for this is the premise condition index (PCI); however, its meas

Development of flame retardant slow release insecticides paint and testing its efficacy for four years against dengue and malaria vectors.

Insecticide based paint formulations have been available since years, however the concept of using such paint products at household level did not get attention due to various reasons. The advancement in insecticidal paint technology has steered toward the development and evaluation of such formulations for use against arthropod vectors. The improved insecticidal paint formulations may contain two or more active agents, hence could display different type of activity against the target vectors. In the present study, optimum concentrations of deltamethrin (1%), chlorpyriphos (0.5%) and pyriproxyf

Anopheles gambiae s.l. swarms trapping as a complementary tool against residual malaria transmission in eastern Gambia.

Malaria remains a major health problem and vector control is an essential approach to decrease its burden, although it is threatened by insecticide resistance. New approaches for vector control are needed. The females of Anopheles gambiae s.l. mate once in their life and in the swarms formed by males. Trapping swarms of Anopheles gambiae s.l. males is a potential new intervention for vector control, alternative to the use of insecticides, as it would disrupt mating . The proof-of-concept pilot study aiming at investigating swarm trapping as a potential vector control intervention, was carried

VECTRON™ T500, a new broflanilide insecticide for indoor residual spraying, provides prolonged control of pyrethroid-resistant malaria vectors.

BACKGROUND: Broflanilide is a newly discovered insecticide with a novel mode of action targeting insect γ-aminobutyric acid receptors. The efficacy of VECTRON™ T500, a wettable powder formulation of broflanilide, was assessed for IRS against wild pyrethroid-resistant malaria vectors in experimental huts in Benin. METHODS: VECTRON™ T500 was evaluated at 100 mg/m2 in mud and cement-walled experimental huts against wild pyrethroid-resistant Anopheles gambiae sensu lato (s.l.) in Covè, southern Benin, over 18 months. A direct comparison was made with Actellic® 300CS, a WHO-recommended micro-encap

Investigation of Developmental Stage/Age, Gamma Irradiation Dose, and Temperature in Sterilization of Male Aedes aegypti (Diptera: Culicidae) in a Sterile Insect Technique Program.

The sterilization process using gamma irradiation is a crucial component in a program using sterile insect technique (SIT) to control Aedes aegypti. Unfortunately, there is no efficient standard protocol for sterilizing mosquitoes that can produce a high level of sterility while maintaining mating ability and longevity. Therefore, we conducted a study of the critical factors necessary to develop such a standard protocol. In this study, male Ae. aegypti pupae, as well as adults aged 1 d and 3 d, were irradiated using a Gamma-cell 220 irradiator doses of 0, 20, 40, 60, 70, 80, and 100 Gray (Gy).

Robust control strategy by the Sterile Insect Technique for reducing epidemiological risk in presence of vector migration.

The Sterile Insect Technique (SIT) is a promising technique to control mosquitoes, vectors of diseases, like dengue, chikungunya or Zika. However, its application in the field is not easy, and its success hinges upon several constraints, one of them being that the treated area must be sufficiently isolated to limit migration or re-invasion by mosquitoes from the outside. In this manuscript we study the impact of males and (fertile) females migration on SIT. We show that a critical release rate for sterile males exists for every migration level, in the context of continuous or periodic releases

Human behavior determinants of exposure to Anopheles vectors of malaria in Sumba, Indonesia.

Malaria vector control interventions in Sumba, Indonesia, have not been able to eliminate malaria. Human drivers of exposure to Anopheles bites were investigated as part of a larger clinical trial evaluating the impact of a spatial repellent product on malaria incidence. Human behavioral observations (HBOs) evaluating temporal and spatial presence, sleeping behaviors, and insecticide treated net (ITN) use, were collected parallel to entomological collections-indoor and outdoor human landing catches (HLCs), and house hold surveys. Data demonstrates that mosquito access to humans, enabled by str

Spatiotemporal multiple insecticide resistance in Aedes aegypti populations in French Guiana: need for alternative vector control.

BACKGROUND: Aedes aegypti is the sole vector of urban arboviruses in French Guiana. Overtime, the species has been responsible for the transmission of viruses during yellow fever, dengue, chikungunya and Zika outbreaks. Decades of vector control have produced resistant populations to deltamethrin, the sole molecule available to control adult mosquitoes in this French Territory. OBJECTIVES: Our surveillance aimed to provide public health authorities with data on insecticide resistance in Ae. aegypti populations and other species of interest in French Guiana. Monitoring resistance to the insect

Эффективность ловушки CO2 с всеохватывающим направлением движения Fay-Pренс в полуполевых условиях и описание поведения реагирования для желтого комаров лихорадки Эйдес аегипти.

Aedes aegypti (L.) (Diptera: Culicidae) — вектор нескольких вирусов, вызывающих серьезные заболевания, включая Dengue, Zika, chikungunya и жёлтую лихорадку. Эффективные и эффективные методы лова имеют важнейшее значение для эффективного наблюдения за населением комаров и заболеваемостью и, в конечном счете, для борьбы с переносчиками болезней. В конце 1960-х годов была разработана ловушка Фэй-Пренса (FPT) как дневная зрительная ловушка для мужчины Э. эгипти. С тех пор его использование было расширено до ловушки самки Ээгипти, Аедеса альбопиктуса Скуза, другого ээ. спекпа и Кулекса сппа. Эксплу

Effects of cross-mating on susceptibility of synonymous mosquitoes, Anopheles paraliae and Anopheles lesteri to infection with nocturnally subperiodic Brugia malayi.

In Southeast Asia, Anopheles lesteri (recently synonymized with An. paraliae) is a competent vector for Plasmodium parasites, but its ability to transmit parasites that cause lymphatic filariasis has yet to be determined. In this study, the susceptibility of An. lesteri and An. paraliae to Brugia malayi parasites was determined by comparing with the control mosquito, Aedes togoi. We found that the infection prevalence per infected mosquito in An. paraliae was significantly lower than that in Ae. togoi in all experiments (p <  0.05). Reciprocal crosses (female An. paraliae x male An. lesteri) p

Ornamental bromeliads of Miami-Dade County, Florida are important breeding sites for Aedes aegypti (Diptera: Culicidae).

BACKGROUND: A major public health concern is the emergence and geographical spread of vector-borne diseases such as Zika and yellow fever. Ornamental bromeliads retaining water in their leaf axils represent potential breeding sites for mosquitoes. As the role of ornamental bromeliads in breeding Aedes aegypti in Miami-Dade County, Florida is unknown, we hypothesize that ornamental bromeliads are important breeding sites for Ae. aegypti. Our objective was to survey bromeliads in areas with high densities of adult Ae. aegypti, including those with 2016 local transmission of Zika virus. METHODS:

Scented Sugar Baits Enhance Detection of St. Louis Encephalitis and West Nile Viruses in Mosquitoes in Suburban California.

Scented sugar baits deployed in California deserts detected early West Nile virus (WNV) transmission by mosquitoes, representing a potential improvement to conventional arbovirus surveillance that relies heavily on infection rates in mosquito pools. In this study, we expanded deployment of scented sugar baits into suburban Sacramento and Yolo (2015, 2016) and Riverside Counties (2016), California. The goal of the study was to determine whether scented sugar baits detect WNV and St. Louis encephalitis virus (SLEV) concurrent with mosquito infections in trapped pools in areas of high human densi

Не все комары образуются равными: синтез экспериментов с векторной компетентностью укрепляет вирусные ассоциации австралийских комаров.

Глобализация арбовирусных заболеваний, передающихся через комары, подвергает опасности более половины населения. Понимание экологии арбовируса, включая ту роль, которую отдельные виды комаров играют в циклах передачи вирусов, имеет решающее значение для ограничения заболеваемости. Категории канонических вирусных векторов, такие, как эдес или связанные с Кьюлексом флавивирусы, исторически определяются с использованием методов обнаружения вирусов в собранных на полях комарах, методов откорма комаров и векторной компетентности, что позволяет количественно оценить неотъемлемую способность комаров

Совпадение в аннотации оригинала
The globalization of mosquito-borne arboviral diseases has placed more than half of the human population at risk. Understanding arbovirus ec … . Importantly, this synthesis provides essential information on what species need to be targeted in mosquito control programs.

A dynamic pharmacometric framework defining the relationship between ivermectin exposure and mosquito lethality.

Ivermectin is used in the treatment of several neglected tropical diseases. Studies have shown that it effectively kills anopheline mosquitoes. However, the relationship between the pharmacokinetic properties and mosquito-lethal effects have not been described quantitatively. Pharmacokinetic properties and mosquito-lethal effects associated with a single oral administration of ivermectin were evaluated in two healthy volunteer trials in Thailand. All data were pooled and analysed using nonlinear mixed-effect modelling. Ivermectin and metabolites were described by a parent-metabolite model. Whe

Understanding heterogeneities in mosquito-bite exposure and infection distributions for the elimination of lymphatic filariasis.

It is well known that individuals in the same community can be exposed to a highly variable number of mosquito bites. This heterogeneity in bite exposure has consequences for the control of vector-borne diseases because a few people may be contributing significantly to transmission. However, very few studies measure sources of heterogeneity in a way which is relevant to decision-making. We investigate the relationship between two classic measures of heterogeneity, spatial and individual, within the context of lymphatic filariasis, a parasitic mosquito-borne disease. Using infection and mosquit

Decrease of larval and subsequent adult Anopheles sergentii populations following feeding of adult mosquitoes from Bacillus sphaericus-containing attractive sugar baits.

BACKGROUND: Bacillus sphaericus is a mosquito-larvae pathogen which proliferates in the host cadavers, spreading and preserving the infection within the larval habitats for prolonged periods. In this pilot field study, we presented B. sphaericus-containing attractive sugar baits (ASB) to wild Anopheles sergentii adults, with the assumption that bait-fed, B. sphaericus-carrying mosquitoes are able to efficiently transmit the pathogen to the larval habitats, causing larval mortality and leading to a decrease in the subsequent adult population. METHODS: The experiment was conducted over 75 days