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Quantification of promoting efficiency and reducing toxicity of Traditional Chinese Medicine: A case study of the combination of Tripterygium wilfordii hook. f. and Lysimachia christinae hance in the treatment of lung cancer.

Traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) usually acts in the form of compound prescriptions in the treatment of complex diseases. The herbs contained in each prescription have the dual nature of efficiency and toxicity due to their complex chemical component, and the principle of prescription is usually to increase efficiency and reduce toxicity. At present, the studies on prescriptions have mainly focused on the consideration of the material basis and possible mechanism of the action mode, but the quantitative research on the compatibility rule of increasing efficiency and reducing toxicity is stil

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… .; Aconitum carmichaelii Debeaux is mixed with Glycyrrhiza uralensis Fisch., Rheum officinale Baill., and Panax notoginseng (Burkill) F.H.Chen . Among them, Tripterygium wilfordii Hook. f. …

Recombinant Interferon-β in the Treatment of Polycythemia Vera and Related Neoplasms: Rationales and Perspectives.

About 30 years ago, the first clinical trials of the safety and efficacy of recombinant interferon-α2 (rIFN-α2) were performed. Since then, several single-arm studies have shown rIFN-α2 to be a highly potent anticancer agent against several cancer types. Unfortunately, however, a high toxicity profile in early studies with rIFN-α2 -among other reasons likely due to the high dosages being used-disqualified rIFN-α2, which was accordingly replaced with competitive drugs that might at first glance look more attractive to clinicians. Later, pegylated IFN-α2a (Pegasys) and pegylated IFN-α2b (PegIntr

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… Semin Arthritis Rheum. 2004;33:320–335. doi: 10.1016/j.semarthrit.2003.09.010. 159. Tweezer-Zaks N., Rabinovich E., Lidar M., Livneh A. Interferon-α as a treatment modality for colchicine-resistant familial Mediterranean fever. J. Rheumatol. 2008;35:1362–1365. 160. …

Osteoporosis in Childhood Cancer Survivors: Physiopathology, Prevention, Therapy and Future Perspectives.

The improvement of chemotherapy, radiotherapy, and surgical interventions, together with hematopoietic stem cell transplantation, increased childhood cancer survival rate in the last decades, reaching 80% in Europe. Nevertheless, anti-cancer treatments are mainly responsible for the onset of long-term side effects in childhood cancer survivors (CCS), including alterations of the endocrine system function and activity. In particular, the most frequent dysfunction in CCS is a metabolic bone disorder characterized by low bone mineral density (BMD) with increased skeletal fragility. BMD loss is al

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… Glucocorticoid-induced Osteoporosis Rheum Dis. Clin. N. Am. 2016 42 177 189 10.1016/j.rdc.2015.08.005 26611558 31. Liu P. Wang W. Li Z. Li Y. Yu X. Tu J. Zhang Z. Ferroptosis: A New Regulatory Mechanism in Osteoporosis Oxid. Med. Cell. …

Inflammaging, an Imbalanced Immune Response That Needs to Be Restored for Cancer Prevention and Treatment in the Elderly.

Nowadays, new advances in society and health have brought an increased life expectancy. However, at the same time, aging comes with complications that impact the development of autoimmunity, neurodegenerative diseases and cancer. These complications affect the quality of life and impact the public health system. Specifically, with aging, a low-grade chronic sterile systemic inflammation with self-reactivity in the absence of acute infection occurs termed inflammaging. Inflammaging is related to an imbalanced immune response that can be either naturally acquired with aging or accelerated due to

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… Rheum. 2015;45:301–308. doi: 10.1016/j.semarthrit.2015.06.005. 162. Oldroyd A.G.S., Allard A.B., Callen J.P., Chinoy H., Chung L., Fiorentino D., George M.D., Gordon P., Kolstad K., Kurtzman D.J.B., et al. …

Drugs and Epigenetic Molecular Functions. A Pharmacological Data Scientometric Analysis.

Interactions of drugs with the classical epigenetic mechanism of DNA methylation or histone modification are increasingly being elucidated mechanistically and used to develop novel classes of epigenetic therapeutics. A data science approach is used to synthesize current knowledge on the pharmacological implications of epigenetic regulation of gene expression. Computer-aided knowledge discovery for epigenetic implications of current approved or investigational drugs was performed by querying information from multiple publicly available gold-standard sources to (i) identify enzymes involved in c

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… Arthritis Rheum. 2011;63:1452–1458. doi: 10.1002/art.30238. 48. Wong K.K., Lawrie C.H., Green T.M. Oncogenic Roles and Inhibitors of DNMT1, DNMT3A, and DNMT3B in Acute Myeloid Leukaemia. Biomark. Insights. 2019;14 doi: 10.1177/1177271919846454. 49. …

Dendritic cell biology and its role in tumor immunotherapy.

As crucial antigen presenting cells, dendritic cells (DCs) play a vital role in tumor immunotherapy. Taking into account the many recent advances in DC biology, we discuss how DCs (1) recognize pathogenic antigens with pattern recognition receptors through specific phagocytosis and through non-specific micropinocytosis, (2) process antigens into small peptides with proper sizes and sequences, and (3) present MHC-peptides to CD4+ and CD8+ T cells to initiate immune responses against invading microbes and aberrant host cells. During anti-tumor immune responses, DC-derived exosomes were discovere

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… Ann Rheum Dis. 2015;74(2):452–463. doi: 10.1136/annrheumdis-2013-203717. 58. Costantino CM, Hang HC, Kent SC, Hafler DA, Ploegh HL. Lysosomal cysteine and aspartic proteases are heterogeneously expressed and act redundantly to initiate human invariant chain degradation. …

Molecular-Based Treatment Strategies for Osteoporosis: A Literature Review.

Osteoporosis is an unavoidable public health problem in an aging or aged society. Anti-resorptive agents (calcitonin, estrogen, and selective estrogen-receptor modulators, bisphosphonates, anti-receptor activator of nuclear factor κB ligand antibody along with calcium and vitamin D supplementations) and anabolic agents (parathyroid hormone and related peptide analogs, sclerostin inhibitors) have major roles in current treatment regimens and are used alone or in combination based on the pathological condition. Recent advancements in the molecular understanding of bone metabolism and in bioengin

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… Arthritis Rheum. 2011;41:178–186. doi: 10.1016/j.semarthrit.2011.03.005. 56. Cummings S.R., San Martin J., McClung M.R., Siris E.S., Eastell R., Reid I.R., Delmas P., Zoog H.B., Austin M., Wang A., et al. Denosumab for prevention of fractures in postmenopausal women with osteoporosis. N. Engl. J. …

Established and Emerging Concepts to Treat Imbalances of Iron Homeostasis in Inflammatory Diseases.

Inflammation, being a hallmark of many chronic diseases, including cancer, inflammatory bowel disease, rheumatoid arthritis, and chronic kidney disease, negatively affects iron homeostasis, leading to iron retention in macrophages of the mononuclear phagocyte system. Functional iron deficiency is the consequence, leading to anemia of inflammation (AI). Iron deficiency, regardless of anemia, has a detrimental impact on quality of life so that treatment is warranted. Therapeutic strategies include (1) resolution of the underlying disease, (2) iron supplementation, and (3) iron redistribution str…

Оптимальный выбор способа управления лекарствами в отношении внутримышечной и подкожной инъекции.

Внутримышечное (IV), внутримышечное (IM) и подкожное (SC) three - наиболее часто используемые пути инъекции для лечения лекарств. Время от времени проводились сравнительные исследования СК по отношению к IV, IM по отношению к IV, или IM по сравнению с СК, и некоторые новые выводы совершенно отличаются от рекомендаций в отношении дозировки, описанных в предписаниях в отношении информации. Однако врачи, возможно, до сих пор не знают о таких новых фактах при выборе методов лечения. Поиск литературы MetodsA был проведен с использованием PubMed, MedLINE и Web of Sciences TM Core Collection для анал

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… Arthritis Rheum. 1990;33:91–94. doi: 10.1002/art.1780330112. 94. Jundt JW, Browne BA, Fiocco GP, Steele AD, Mock D. A comparison of low dose methotrexate bioavailability: oral solution, oral tablet, subcutaneous and intramuscular dosing. J Rheumatol. 1993;20(11):1845–1849. 95. …

Is COVID-19 Still a Threat? An Expert Opinion Review on the Continued Healthcare Burden in Immunocompromised Individuals.

Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) caused by the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), has had a profound global impact. The emergence of several variants during the pandemic has presented numerous challenges in preventing and managing this disease. The development of vaccines has played a pivotal role in controlling the pandemic, with a significant portion of the global population being vaccinated. This, along with the emergence of less virulent SARS-CoV-2 variants, has led to a reduction in the severity of COVID-19 outcomes for the overall population. Nevertheless, i

The regulatory networks and mechanisms of bone microenvironment in tumorigenesis and metastasis.

Bone tumors, encompassing heterogeneous primary and metastatic lesions, are driven in their initiation, progression, and metastasis by dysregulation of the bone microenvironment (BME). Clinically manifested by localized pain, pathological fractures, and neurological deficits, these malignancies substantially threaten patient survival. Radiographic patterns (osteolytic, osteoblastic, mixed) directly reflect pathogenic BME-tumor interactions, particularly involving osteoblast-osteoclast imbalance. The BME-a specialized niche of bone-resident cells (osteocytes, osteoblasts, osteoclasts), immune c

Precision Medicine in Inflammatory Bowel Disease: A Spotlight on Emerging Molecular Biomarkers.

Inflammatory bowel diseases (IBD) remain challenging in terms of understanding their causes and in terms of diagnosing, treating, and monitoring patients. Modern diagnosis combines biomarkers, imaging, and endoscopic methods. Common biomarkers like CRP and fecal calprotectin, while invaluable tools, have limitations and are not entirely specific to IBD. The limitations of existing markers and the invasiveness of endoscopic procedures highlight the need to discover and implement new markers. With an ideal biomarker, we could predict the risk of disease development, as well as the possibility of

Cutting edge of immune response and immunosuppressants in allogeneic and xenogeneic islet transplantation.

As an effective treatment for diabetes, islet transplantation has garnered significant attention and research in recent years. However, immune rejection and the toxicity of immunosuppressive drugs remain critical factors influencing the success of islet transplantation. While immunosuppressants are essential in reducing immune rejection reactions and can significantly improve the survival rate of islet transplants, improper use of these drugs can markedly increase mortality rates following transplantation. Additionally, the current availability of islet organ donations fails to meet the demand

Insights into the role of RNA m6A modification in the metabolic process and related diseases.

According to the latest consensus, many traditional diseases are considered metabolic diseases, such as cancer, type 2 diabetes, obesity, and cardiovascular disease. Currently, metabolic diseases are increasingly prevalent because of the ever-improving living standards and have become the leading threat to human health. Multiple therapy methods have been applied to treat these diseases, which improves the quality of life of many patients, but the overall effect is still unsatisfactory. Therefore, intensive research on the metabolic process and the pathogenesis of metabolic diseases is imperati

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… inhibitor, was proven to inhibit m 6 A by interrupting the insertion of m 6 A into mRNA. 162 D2-hydroxyglutarate (D2-HG), an analog of α-ketoglutarate (α-KG), can disrupt α-KG-dependent dioxygenases and thus inhibit the activity of FTO. 163 , 164 Rhein, a natural product from medicinal herbs, such as Rheum …

Drug Repurposing for Cancer Treatment: A Comprehensive Review.

Cancer ranks among the primary contributors to global mortality. In 2022, the global incidence of new cancer cases reached about 20 million, while the number of cancer-related fatalities reached 9.7 million. In Saudi Arabia, there were 13,399 deaths caused by cancer and 28,113 newly diagnosed cases of cancer. Drug repurposing is a drug discovery strategy that has gained special attention and implementation to enhance the process of drug development due to its time- and money-saving effect. It involves repositioning existing medications to new clinical applications. Cancer treatment is a therap

Inflammation, Fibrosis and Cancer: Mechanisms, Therapeutic Options and Challenges.

Uncontrolled inflammation is a salient factor in multiple chronic inflammatory diseases and cancers. In this review, we provided an in-depth analysis of the relationships and distinctions between uncontrolled inflammation, fibrosis and cancers, while emphasizing the challenges and opportunities of developing novel therapies for the treatment and/or management of these diseases. We described how drug delivery systems, combination therapy and the integration of tissue-targeted and/or pathways selective strategies could overcome the challenges of current agents for managing and/or treating chroni

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… Arthritis Rheum. 2010;62:1523–1532. doi: 10.1002/art.27382. 46. Strutz F., Zeisberg M., Ziyadeh F.N., Yang C.-Q., Kalluri R., Müller G.A., Neilson E.G., Renziehausen A., Sisic Z. Role of basic fibroblast growth factor-2 in epithelial-mesenchymal transformation. …

Polyphenols as Antitumor Agents Targeting Key Players in Cancer-Driving Signaling Pathways.

Polyphenols constitute an important group of natural products that are traditionally associated with a wide range of bioactivities. These are usually found in low concentrations in natural products and are now available in nutraceuticals or dietary supplements. A group of polyphenols that include apigenin, quercetin, curcumin, resveratrol, EGCG, and kaempferol have been shown to regulate signaling pathways that are central for cancer development, progression, and metastasis. Here, we describe novel mechanistic insights on the effect of this group of polyphenols on key elements of the signaling

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… Proanthocyanidins confer astringency and bitterness and are regularly found in natural sources such as the fruits/seeds/peels of Vitus vinifera , Punica granatum , and Theobroma cacao , the leaves of Fructus crataegi and Eucalyptus spp., the flowers of Rosa rugosa and Nymphaea tetragona , and the roots/stems of Rheum …

Overview of infectious complications among CAR T- cell therapy recipients.

Chimeric antigen receptor-modified T cell (CAR T-cell) therapy has revolutionized the management of hematological malignancies. In addition to impressive malignancy-related outcomes, CAR T-cell therapy has significant toxicity-related adverse events, including cytokine release syndrome (CRS), immune effector cell associated neurotoxicity syndrome (ICANS), immune effector cell-associated hematotoxicity (ICAHT), and opportunistic infections. Different CAR T-cell targets have different epidemiology and risk factors for infection, and these targets result in different long-term immunodeficiency st

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… Ann Rheum Dis . ( 2006 ) 65 ( 8 ): 1006–12 . doi: 10.1136/ard.2005.048371 PMC1798263 16396977 107 Wehrli M Gallagher K Chen YB Leick MB McAfee SL El-Jawahri AR . Single-center experience using anakinra for steroid-refractory immune effector cell-associated neurotoxicity syndrome (ICANS) . …

Implications of regulatory T cells in anti-cancer immunity: from pathogenesis to therapeutics.

Regulatory T cells (Tregs) play an essential role in maintaining immune tolerance and suppressing inflammation. However, Tregs present major hurdle in eliciting potent anti-cancer immune responses. Therefore, curbing the activity of Tregs represents a novel and efficient way towards successful immunotherapy of cancer. Moreover, there is an emerging interest in harnessing Treg-based strategies for augmenting anti-cancer immunity in different types of the disease. This review summarises the crucial mechanisms of Tregs' mediated suppression of anti-cancer immunity and strategies to suppress or to

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… Rheum. Dis. 71 Suppl 2 2012 i96 100 22460149 10.1136/annrheumdis-2011-200588 130 Yan J. Zhang Y. Zhang J.-P. Tim-3 expression defines regulatory T cells in human tumors PLoS One 8 2013 e58006 10.1371/journal.pone.0058006 PMC3589491 23526963 131 Sakuishi K. Ngiow S.F. Sullivan J.M. …

Preventing osteolytic lesions and osteomyelitis in multiple myeloma.

Multiple myeloma is a hematological malignancy affecting the plasma cells. It is the second most common hematologic cancer in adults. Over 90% of patients develop local osteolytic lesions and skeletal-related events at some point during the progression of the disease. Bone lesions can induce severe pain and immobility and can also increase the risk of fractures and osteomyelitis. Skeletal complications are associated with poor clinical outcomes, affecting quality of life and mortality. Current standards of care for myeloma, e.g., autologous stem-cell transplantation (ASCT) and chemotherapy, do

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… Unsuspected multiple myeloma presenting as Escherichia coli infectious spondylitis: a case report Int J Rheum Dis 13 4 2010 e55 e58 21199454 10.1111/j.1756-185X.2010.01558.x 91 Mohan M. Shalin S.C. Kothari A. Rico J.C. Caradine K. Burgess M. …