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CD1D knockout swine are permissive to African swine fever virus genotype II infection.

African swine fever virus (ASFV) is an important pathogen of domestic and wild suids and the causative agent of African swine fever (ASF). ASFV displays a tropism for myeloid cells, predominately of the monocyte/macrophage lineage, which is critical for ASFV pathogenesis. However, the mechanisms that govern the cellular tropism of ASFV are complex and incompletely understood. ASFV can enter susceptible cells through several mechanisms. One way is by clathrin-mediated endocytosis (CME) via interaction with the host glycoprotein CD1d, encoded by the CD1D gene, and disruption of CD1D expression s…

A novel adeno-associated viral vector derived from human spleen isolate AAV.hu.S17.

Adeno-associated viruses (AAVs) are widely used vectors for gene therapy owing to their nonpathogenic nature, low immunogenicity, and ability to support long-term transgene expression. However, the tissue tropism and immune response of AAVs are strongly dependent on their capsid serotype. Although hundreds of naturally occurring AAV variants have been isolated, many remain unvectorised and poorly characterized. Therefore, the discovery and development of previously uncharacterised native serotypes retain valuable. Here, we generated a novel recombinant AAV vector rAAV.hu.S17, derived from the …

Molecular and immunological detection of Toxoplasma gondii in forensic human brain tissue from suicide, traffic accident and homicide decedents with CD45R0 tissue expression analysis.

BACKGROUND: Studies have linked toxoplasmosis to neuropsychiatric disorders. However, no previous reports exist on parasite tissue cyst freq … loads (lowest mean Ct values: 14.7) and density (approximately 470 cysts/gram), indicating regional tropism. CD45RO expression was significantly higher in the hippocampus of Toxoplasma-seropositive decedents than seronegative individuals (p = 0.002, effect size r = 0.97), with no significant difference in the amygdala. A positive correlation existed betwe …

Сравнительная оценка вируса адено и чечевируса привносила передачу генов во взрослый крысиный оптический нерв.

оптический нерв служит жизненно важным каналом визуального сигнала, а его дегенерация в оптической нейропатии приводит к необратимой потере зрения. Она также широко используется для изучения травматизма и ремонта центральной нервной системы (СНС). Хотя вирус адено и чечевирус широко применяются в исследованиях CNS, эффективность их трансдукции и специфичность клеточного типа в зрительном нерве по-прежнему незначительны. Цель этого исследования состояла в том, чтобы определить наиболее эффективный вирусный вектор, серотип и промоутер для прямой передачи генов во взрослого крысиного зрительного

Совпадение в аннотации оригинала
BACKGROUND: The optic nerve serves as a vital conduit for visual signaling, and its degeneration in optic neuropathy results in irreversible … that approximately 90% of transduced cells were Olig2-positive oligodendrocytes, indicating strong tropism for this glial population. CONCLUSION: AAV-PHP.eB driven by the CAG promoter enables efficient gene delivery to the optic nerve, with a predominant tropism for oligodendrocytes. This targeted intra-optic nerve injection approach offers a reliable p …

Comparative Evaluation of Adeno-Associated Virus and Lentivirus Mediated Gene Transfer in Adult Rat Optic Nerve.

BACKGROUND: The optic nerve serves as a vital conduit for visual signaling, and its degeneration in optic neuropathy results in irreversible … that approximately 90% of transduced cells were Olig2-positive oligodendrocytes, indicating strong tropism for this glial population. CONCLUSION: AAV-PHP.eB driven by the CAG promoter enables efficient gene delivery to the optic nerve, with a predominant tropism for oligodendrocytes. This targeted intra-optic nerve injection approach offers a reliable p …

Ocular and periocular Usutu virus-associated lesions in naturally infected Eurasian blackbirds (Turdus merula).

Usutu virus (USUV) is a zoonotic neurotropic arbovirus related to the West Nile virus that causes mortality in birds and sporadic neurologic … ation (anti-CD3 for T-lymphocytes), and apoptosis (anti-cleaved caspase-3 (CC3)) assessed the virus tropism and associated damage. In the eye of USUV-infected blackbirds, choroiditis was the main finding (9/12), while the pecten oculi (4/12) and optic nerves (4/12) were occasionally affected. Virus antigen was detected in the lesions. The cornea and retin …

Streptococcus anginosus of the urogenital tract: evidence of the same strain across anatomical sites of the same females.

BACKGROUND: Streptococcus anginosus has been found to colonize multiple anatomical sites of the human body, including the oral cavity, gastrointestinal tract, skin, vagina, blood, and urinary tract. It is frequently isolated from catheterized urine samples obtained from adult females most often with lower urinary tract symptoms, but also on occasion from those without symptoms. Our prior genome analysis of 166 S. anginosus genomes identified two distinct groups, one - which we here call group Urinae - exhibits a tropism for the urinary tract. RESULTS: Here we sequenced 100 isolates collected …

Non-polio enteroviruses compromise the electrophysiology of a human iPSC-derived neural network.

The non-polio enteroviruses enterovirus-D68 (EV-D68) and enterovirus-A71 (EV-A71) are highly prevalent and considered pathogens of increasin … eural function has not been clearly elucidated. Here, we compare the replication kinetics, cellular tropism, and electrophysiological effects of EV-D68 and EV-A71 infection in a physiologically relevant human pluripotent stem cell-derived neural co-culture model, consisting of excitatory neurons and astrocytes. Inoculation with contemporary circulating EV …

The accomplices: Heparan sulfates and N-glycans foster SARS-CoV-2 spike:ACE2 receptor binding and virus priming.

Although it is well established that the SARS-CoV-2 spike glycoprotein binds to the host cell ACE2 receptor to initiate infection, far less is known about the tissue tropism and host cell susceptibility to the virus. Differential expression across different cell types of heparan sulfate (HS) proteoglycans, with variably sulfated glycosaminoglycans (GAGs), and their synergistic interactions with host and viral N-glycans may contribute to tissue tropism and host cell susceptibility. Nevertheless, their contribution remains unclear since HS and N-glycans evade experimental characterization. We, t…

Impact of the functional coating of silver nanoparticles on their in vivo performance and biosafety.

OBJECTIVE AND SIGNIFICANCE: Silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) have become an interesting therapeutic modality and drug delivery platform. Herein, … -CHI demonstrated a semi-complete clearance from the systemic circulation, a liver-dominated tissue tropism, and limited renal exposure. On the other hand, AgNO3 was poorly cleared from the circulation, with relatively high renal exposure and a non-specific tissue tropism. AgNPs-CHI were well-tolerated by the liver and kidney without signs of toxicity or …

Lethal Swine Acute Diarrhea Syndrome Coronavirus Infection in Suckling Mice.

Swine acute diarrhea syndrome coronavirus (SADS-CoV) is a recently emerging bat-borne coronavirus responsible for high mortality rates in piglets. In vitro studies have indicated that SADS-CoV has a wide tissue tropism in different hosts, including humans. However, whether this virus potentially threatens other animals remains unclear. Here, we report the experimental infection of wild-type BALB/c and C57BL/6J suckling mice with SADS-CoV. We found that mice less than 7 days old are susceptible to the virus, which caused notable multitissue infections and damage. The mortality rate was the high…

Neutralization and receptor use of infectious culture-derived rat hepacivirus as a model for HCV.

BACKGROUND AND AIMS: Lack of tractable immunocompetent animal models amenable to robust experimental challenge impedes vaccine efforts for HCV. Infection with rodent hepacivirus from Rattus norvegicus (RHV-rn1) in rats shares HCV-defining characteristics, including liver tropism, chronicity, and pathology. RHV in vitro cultivation would facilitate genetic studies on particle production, host factor interactions, and evaluation of antibody neutralization guiding HCV vaccine approaches. APPROACH AND RESULTS: We report an infectious reverse genetic cell culture system for RHV-rn1 using highly pe…

IRE1-Mediated Unfolded Protein Response Promotes the Replication of Tick-Borne Flaviviruses in a Virus and Cell-Type Dependent Manner.

Tick-borne flaviviruses (TBFV) can cause severe neurological complications in humans, but differences in tissue tropism and pathogenicity have been described for individual virus strains. Viral protein synthesis leads to the induction of the unfolded protein response (UPR) within infected cells. The IRE1 pathway has been hypothesized to support flavivirus replication by increasing protein and lipid biogenesis. Here, we investigated the role of the UPR in TBFV infection in human astrocytes, neuronal and intestinal cell lines that had been infected with tick-borne encephalitis virus (TBEV) strai…

Virulence beneath the fleece; a tale of foot-and-mouth disease virus pathogenesis in sheep.

Foot-and-mouth disease virus (FMDV) is capable of infecting all cloven-hoofed domestic livestock species, including cattle, pigs, goats, and sheep. However, in contrast to cattle and pigs, the pathogenesis of FMDV in small ruminants has been incompletely elucidated. The objective of the current investigation was to characterize tissue- and cellular tropism of early and late stages of FMDV infection in sheep following three different routes of simulated natural virus exposure. Extensive post-mortem harvest of tissue samples at pre-determined time points during early infection (24 and 48 hours p…

MHC class II proteins mediate cross-species entry of bat influenza viruses.

Zoonotic influenza A viruses of avian origin can cause severe disease in individuals, or even global pandemics, and thus pose a threat to hu … This functionally uncharacterized plasticity of the bat influenza A virus haemagglutinin means the tropism and zoonotic potential of these viruses has not been fully determined. Here we show, using transcriptomic profiling of susceptible versus non-susceptible cells in combination with genome-wide CRISPR-Cas9 screening, that the major histocompatibility …

Role of PDGF receptor-α during human cytomegalovirus entry into fibroblasts.

Human CMV (HCMV) exhibits a broad cell tropism that depends on two virion glycoprotein complexes: a trimeric complex (gH/gL/gO) that facilitates viral infection primarily in fibroblasts and a pentameric complex (gH/gL/pUL128-pUL130-pUL131A) that mediates infection in epithelial and endothelial cells. We performed genome-wide CRISPR screens in which the PDGF receptor-α (PDGFRα) was identified as the most significant cellular gene product essential for infection by HCMV virions containing only trimeric complex (trimer-only virus). Trimer-only virus did not enter PDGFRα knockout fibroblasts. By u…

Efficient transduction of primary vascular cells by the rare adenovirus serotype 49 vector.

Neointima formation and vascular remodeling through vascular smooth muscle cell migration and proliferation can limit the long-term success of coronary interventions, for example, in coronary artery bypass grafting (CABG). Ex vivo gene therapy has the potential to reduce unnecessary cell proliferation and limit neointima formation in vascular pathologies. To date, the species C adenovirus serotype 5 has been commonly used for preclinical gene therapy; however, its suitability is potentially limited by relatively poor tropism for vascular cells and high levels of preexisting immunity in the pop…

[Genotyping and evaluation of infection dynamics in a Colombian isolate of Leptospira santarosai in hamster as an experimental model].

INTRODUCTION: Is necessary to develop models for the study of leptospirosis. OBJECTIVE: To genotype a Colombian strain of Leptospira isolat … The pathogenic species L. santarosai was identified in Colombia. Its pathogenicity as determined by tropism to lung and kidney was comparable to that of L. interrogans Fiocruz L1-130, well known for its virulence and pulmonar tropism. The biological aspects studied here had never before been evaluated in an autochthonous isolate.

A novel mouse model for multiple myeloma (MOPC315.BM) that allows noninvasive spatiotemporal detection of osteolytic disease.

Multiple myeloma (MM) is a lethal human cancer characterized by a clonal expansion of malignant plasma cells in bone marrow. Mouse models of … BM, which can be maintained in vitro. When injected i.v. into BALB/c mice, MOPC315.BM cells exhibit tropism for bone marrow. As few as 10(4) MOPC315.BM cells injected i.v. induced paraplegia, a sign of spinal cord compression, in all mice within 3-4 weeks. MOPC315.BM cells were stably transfected with either firefly luciferase (MOPC315.BM.Luc) or DsRed (M …

Thrombotic microangiopathy associated with unusual viral sequences in HIV-1-positive patients.

BACKGROUND: Thrombotic microangiopathy (TMA) is a rare disorder caused by endothelial cell damage. TMA has been associated with the human im … clinical data. Viral envelope protein sequences from the regions known to be responsible for viral tropism were isolated, sequenced and compared with known HIV-1 isolates. The isolates were expressed as synthetic fusion proteins; binding of these fusion proteins to CD4+ cells as well as to endothelial cell lines was investigated. RESULTS: The viral load …