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COVID-19 and neurodegeneration: Perspectives on the impact of viruses on the brain.

The COVID-19 pandemic has highlighted the ability of SARS-CoV-2 to affect various systems in the human body, including the central nervous system (CNS). A number of neurological manifestations have been documented in patients with COVID-19, ranging from acute symptoms to long-term sequelae such as 'mental fog' and encephalitis. Persistent cognitive symptoms such as memory and attention deficits have been reported after COVID-19, based on clinical and epidemiological evidence. COVID-19-associated encephalitis has also been described in case reports. In addition, it has been proposed that SARS-C

Diversity and potential ecological roles of viruses in Pleistocene permafrost.

BACKGROUND: Ancient permafrost, formed during past glacial periods, is widespread in Siberia and other Arctic regions. Even though these soils have remained below 0 °C over geological time periods, the widespread presence of bacteria and archaea in permafrost is well documented. However, the diversity of viruses in ancient permafrost of different geological ages and their potential ecological roles are still poorly understood. RESULTS: We applied metagenomics to characterize viruses from Middle to Late Pleistocene permafrost sediments from Siberia. A total of 2697 viral operational taxonomic …

A Review of Cross-Species Transmission Mechanisms of Influenza Viruses.

The cross-species transmission of influenza viruses represents a critical link in the pandemic of zoonotic diseases. This mechanism involves multi-level interactions, including viral genetic adaptability, host-receptor compatibility, and ecological drivers. Recent studies have highlighted the essential role of mutations in hemagglutinin and neuraminidase in overcoming host barriers, while elucidating the differences in the distribution of host sialic acid receptors. Furthermore, the "mixer" function of intermediate hosts, such as pigs, plays a significant role in viral redistribution. Advances…

[Bacterial viruses in the Anthropocene era: friends or enemies of their hosts ?].

Bacterial viruses, or bacteriophages, are the most abundant viruses on Earth, and their hosts are the most widespread living organisms in the biosphere. They are found in a free state, as virions, but are also very abundant in bacterial genomes, as prophages. Bacteriophages are present in all biotopes colonized by bacteria, such as water, soils, extreme environments, human, animal, and plant microbiomes, where they contribute to genetic exchanges. Therefore, all factors affecting these environments have a major impact on the dynamics of bacterial populations and their viruses.

[Study on the pathogenicity and tropism of positive-strand RNA viruses].

Many of the emerging and re-emerging viral diseases that have caused global outbreaks in recent years -such as severe acute respiratory syndrome (SARS), dengue fever, Zika virus disease, and COVID-19 -are caused by positive-sense single-stranded RNA (+ssRNA) viruses. This review focuses on members of the Flaviviridae family, a diverse group of +ssRNA viruses that exhibit distinct host and tissue tropisms, and summarizes our recent efforts to elucidate the molecular determinants underlying their pathogenicity and tropism. By refining reverse genetics systems that enable precise manipulation of …

LRP8 is an entry receptor for tick-borne encephalitis viruses.

Orthoflaviviruses are a genus of arthropod-transmitted RNA viruses that infect humans and other vertebrate animals on a global scale, resulting in extensive morbidity and mortality. Among the orthoflaviviruses, tick-borne encephalitis viruses (TBEV) are an antigenic group that causes severe neurological disease in humans. However, the entry receptors for TBEV, which contribute to cell and tissue tropism, remain largely unknown. Because recent studies identified members of the low-density lipoprotein receptor (LDLR) family as possible receptors for some orthoflaviviruses and distantly related a…

Lysosomal "TRAP": a neotype modality for clearance of viruses and variants.

The binding of viruses to host-entry factor receptors is an essential step for viral infection. Many studies have shown that macrophages can internalize viruses and degrade them in lysosomes for clearance in vivo. Inspired by these natural behaviors and using SARS-CoV-2 as a testbed, we harvest lysosomes from activated macrophages and anchor the protein-receptor ACE2 as bait, thus constructing a lysosomal "TRAP" (lysoTRAP) that selectively captures, internalizes, and eventually degrades SARS-CoV-2. Through experiments with cells, female mice, female hamsters, and human lung organoids, we demon…

Protein Nanoparticles as Vaccine Platforms for Human and Zoonotic Viruses.

Vaccines are one of the most effective medical interventions, playing a pivotal role in treating infectious diseases. Although traditional v … aracterisation of naturally occurring PNPs from various living organisms such as bacteria, archaea, viruses, insects, and eukaryotes, as well as computationally designed structures and approaches to link antigens to the PNPs, have paved the way for unprecedented advances in the field of vaccine technology. In this review, we focus on some of the widely us …

Electrochemical Sensors and Biosensors for Identification of Viruses: A Critical Review.

Due to their life cycle, viruses can disrupt the metabolism of their hosts, causing diseases. If we want to disrupt their life cycle, it is necessary to identify their presence. For this purpose, it is possible to use several molecular-biological and bioanalytical methods. The reference selection was performed based on electronic databases (2020-2023). This review focused on electrochemical methods with high sensitivity and selectivity (53% voltammetry/amperometry, 33% impedance, and 12% other methods) which showed their great potential for detecting various viruses. Moreover, the aforemention…

Advancement in the development of mRNA-based vaccines for respiratory viruses.

Acute respiratory infections are the leading cause of death and illness in children under 5 years old and represent a significant burden in older adults. Primarily caused by viruses infecting the lower respiratory tract, symptoms include cough, congestion, and low-grade fever, potentially leading to bronchiolitis and pneumonia. Messenger ribonucleic acid (mRNA)-based vaccines are biopharmaceutical formulations that employ mRNA molecules to induce specific immune responses, facilitating the expression of viral or bacterial antigens and promoting immunization against infectious diseases. Notably…

Exploring the Potential of Muridae as Sentinels for Human and Zoonotic Viruses.

In recent years, the transmission of viruses from wildlife to humans has raised significant public health concerns, exemplified by the COVID-19 pandemic caused by the betacoronavirus SARS-CoV-2. Human activities play a substantial role in increasing the risk of zoonotic virus transmission from wildlife to humans. Rats and mice are prevalent in urban environments and may act as reservoirs for various pathogens. This study aimed to evaluate the presence of zoonotic viruses in wild rats and mice in both urban and rural areas, focusing on well-known zoonotic viruses such as betacoronavirus, hantav…

[The impact of innate immune response on the efficacy of oncolytic viruses].

Oncolytic viruses represent a promising class of immunotherapeutic agents for the treatment of malignant tumors. The proposed mechanism of action of various oncolytic viruses has initially been explained by the ability of such viruses to selectively lyse tumor cells without damaging healthy ones. Recently, there have emerged more studies determining the effect of the antiviral immunostimulating mechanisms on the effectiveness of treatment in cancer patients. Stimulation of innate immune cells by an oncolytic virus can initiate an adaptive antitumor immune response, yet at the same time, the an…

Biological features of human influenza A(H3N8) viruses in China.

Influenza A(H3N8) viruses first emerged in humans in 2022, but their public health risk has not been evaluated. Here, we systematically investigated the biological features of avian and human isolated H3N8 viruses. The human-origin H3N8 viruses exhibited dual receptor binding profiles but avian-origin H3N8 viruses bound to avian type (sialic acid α2, 3) receptors only. All H3N8 viruses were sensitive to the antiviral drug oseltamivir. Although H3N8 viruses showed lower virulence than the 2009 pandemic H1N1 (09pdmH1N1) viruses, they induced comparable infectivity in mice. More importantly, the …

The genomic landscape of swine influenza A viruses in Southeast Asia.

Swine are a primary source for the emergence of pandemic influenza A viruses. The intensification of swine production, along with global trade, has amplified the transmission and zoonotic risk of swine influenza A virus (swIAV). Effective surveillance is essential to uncover emerging virus strains; however gaps remain in our understanding of the swIAV genomic landscape in Southeast Asia. More than 4,000 nasal swabs were collected from pigs in Cambodia, yielding 72 IAV-positive samples by RT-qPCR and 45 genomic sequences. We unmasked the cocirculation of multiple lineages of genetically diverse…

Tropism and immune response of chikungunya and zika viruses: An overview.

Zika virus (ZIKV) and chikungunya virus (CHIKV) are two medically important vector-borne viruses responsible for causing significant disease burden in humans, including neurological sequelae/complications. Besides sharing some common clinical features, ZIKV has major shares in causing microcephaly and brain malformations in developing foetus, whereas CHIKV causes chronic joint pain/swelling in infected individuals. Both viruses have a common route of entry to the host body. i.e., dermal site of inoculation through the bite of an infected mosquito and later taken up by different immune cells fo…

[Olfaction and respiratory viruses… A relationship revealed by Covid-19].

The sense of smell has been underestimated for a long time in humans. It has been brought to the fore by its sudden disappearance during the Covid-19 pandemic of which anosmia (complete loss of smell) is one of the major symptoms. However, respiratory viruses have long been associated with smell disorders, 25% of which are linked to a viral infection. Olfaction begins in the nose within the olfactory epithelium which has the particularity of containing neurons in direct contact with the environment. Several respiratory viruses are known for their replicative capacity within this epithelium. Th…

Physical interventions to interrupt or reduce the spread of respiratory viruses.

BACKGROUND: Viral epidemics or pandemics of acute respiratory infections (ARIs) pose a global threat. Examples are influenza (H1N1) caused b … the effectiveness of physical interventions to interrupt or reduce the spread of acute respiratory viruses. SEARCH METHODS: We searched CENTRAL, PubMed, Embase, CINAHL, and two trials registers in October 2022, with backwards and forwards citation analysis on the new studies. SELECTION CRITERIA: We included randomised controlled trials (RCTs) and clust …

Trend in respiratory viruses' activity in the COVID-19 area.

OBJECTIVES: SARS-CoV-2 has impacted the detection of seasonal respiratory viruses. We retrospectively assessed the trend in the detection of 10 viruses in the COVID-19 area in 2 hospitals located in the Paris area. METHODS: All patients positive for a respiratory virus in two hospitals from September 2016 to August 2021 were retrospectively included. The rate of RT-PCR positive for each virus was calculated for the 2020-2021 season and the 2019-2020 season in comparison to a baseline of 3 seasons, i.e. 2016-2017, 2017-2018, and 2018-2019. RESULTS: Overall, 7,835 patients were tested positive…

Достижения в области наномедицины для лечения инфекционных заболеваний, вызываемых вирусами.

Вирусы оказывают всемирное воздействие на здравоохранение и социально-экономический рост, поскольку они являются самой большой причиной смертности от инфекционных заболеваний. Кроме того, долгосрочное потребление обычных наркотиков сопряжено с серьезными рисками для здоровья населения, такими, как быстрая эволюция резистентности к наркотикам и возникновение вторичных побочных эффектов. Поэтому необходимо разработать новые методы лечения связанных с вирусом заболеваний. В этом случае использование наномедицин на основе наноматериалов имеет огромные преимущества по сравнению с традиционным подхо

Совпадение в аннотации оригинала
Viruses have a worldwide impact on healthcare and social and economic growth because they are the largest cause of mortality due to infectious diseases. Furthermore, the long-term conventional drug use comes with substantial risks to public health, such as the rapid evolution of drug resistance and the emergence of secondary side effects. Therefore, it is ne…