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An investigation of trachoma vaccine regimens by the chlamydia vaccine CTH522 administered with cationic liposomes in healthy adults (CHLM-02): a phase 1, double-blind trial.

BACKGROUND: There is no vaccine against the major global pathogen Chlamydia trachomatis; its different serovars cause trachoma in the eye or chlamydia in the genital tract. We did a clinical trial administering CTH522, a recombinant version of the C trachomatis major outer membrane molecule, in different dose concentrations with and without adjuvant, to establish its safety and immunogenicity when administered intramuscularly, intradermally, and topically into the eye, in prime-boost regimens. METHODS: CHLM-02 was a phase 1, double-blind, randomised, placebo-controlled trial at the National I

Photosensitizing activity of hypericin and hypericin acetate after topical application on normal mouse skin.

BACKGROUND: Hypericin, originating from Hypericum perforatum, is a potent photosensitizer known to induce skin phototoxicity when given systemically. Previously, we have examined the penetration and distribution of hypericin and its acetate ester in the skin of hairless mice after topical application. OBJECTIVES: In this study, we assessed the time course and skin histopathology of the phototoxic response after a single topical application of hypericin and hypericin acetate, and subsequent irradiation. The amount of blood-borne photosensitizer and the skin clearance, as well the remaining pho

Safety of Topical Epinephrine Compared with Oxymetazoline in Pediatric Functional Endoscopic Sinus Surgery: A Retrospective Cohort Study.

OBJECTIVE: To assess the safety of topical epinephrine during pediatric functional endoscopic sinus surgery (FESS). METHODS: After obtaining IRB approval, electronic medical records of patients aged 0 to 14 undergoing FESS in 2021 were retrospectively reviewed and divided into 2 cohorts based on the topical vasoconstrictive agent utilized during the case: oxymetazoline or epinephrine. Patients without documentation of vasoconstrictor utilization or those who received both or neither vasoconstrictive agent were excluded. Outcome variables consisted of preoperative and maximum intraoperative he

Zeolitic imidazolate frameworks (ZIF-8) as a carrier in a topical ocular delivery system for the treatment of ocular diseases.

Current systems for topical ocular drug delivery enable non-invasive administration of therapeutics to the eye but suffer from poor permeability and bioavailability, limiting therapeutic efficacy. Metal-organic frameworks are porous, crystalline materials that can serve as drug delivery systems and may improve these shortcomings. In this study, we explore the use of ZIF-8 as a representative metal-organic framework for topical ocular drug delivery. ZIF-8 particles were prepared via a simplified aqueous synthetic method and loaded with ovalbumin, a model molecule to simulate anti-angiogenic pro

Topical Adenosine Inhibits Inflammation and Mucus Production in Viral Acute Rhinosinusitis.

OBJECTIVE: Viral acute rhinosinusitis (ARS) is the leading cause of work and school absence and antibiotic over-prescription. There are limited treatment options available to ameliorate the symptoms caused by viral ARS. We have previously demonstrated that topical adenosine treatment enhances mucociliary clearance in the sino-nasal tract. Here, we assessed the therapeutic potential of topical adenosine in a mouse model of viral ARS. METHODS: The effect of topical adenosine on inflammatory response and mucin gene expression was examined in a mouse model of viral ARS induced by respiratory sync

Magic Bullets: The Coming Age of Meaningful Pharmacological Control of the Corneal Responses to Injury and Disease.

Corneal injuries from chemical burns, mechanical trauma, infections, immunological rejections, surgical complications, and some diseases are commonly associated with persistent epithelial defects (PED), neurotrophic epitheliopathy, scarring fibrosis, corneal neovascularization (CNV), and/or corneal endothelial damage that lead to vision loss. Several Food and Drug Administration (FDA) approved medications have recently become available, are currently in clinical trials, or are likely to enter clinical trials in the near future. For example, a 2-week course of topical human recombinant nerve gr

Ocular Surface Squamous Neoplasia Managed With Primary Interferon α2b: A Comparative Analysis of 212 Tumors in Smokers Versus Nonsmokers.

PURPOSE: To explore clinical features and outcomes of ocular surface squamous neoplasia (OSSN) treated with primary interferon (IFN)-α2b, based on patient cigarette smoking status. METHODS: Retrospective nonrandomized, interventional cohort study on 212 consecutive tumors in 194 patients, all of whom were treated with topical and/or injection IFNα2b. RESULTS: There were 88 tumors in 76 patients with current or past smoking history (smokers) and 124 tumors in 118 nonsmoking patients (nonsmokers). A comparison (smokers vs. nonsmokers) revealed smokers with more frequent bilateral disease (16%

The effect of topical latanoprost on corneal clarity; 1-year prospective study†.

Purpose: Quantitatively investigate the effects of topical latanoprost on the corneal optical density parameters by using Scheimpflug system. Materials and methods: New cases of primary open-angle glaucoma treated with topical latanoprost as first-line treatment were enrolled in this prospective study. Corneal densitometry measurements obtained with the Scheimpflug system (Pentacam; Oculus, HR) at baseline and 1st, 3rd, 12th months after topical latanoprost treatment. For densitometry analysis, the 12-mm diameter area of the cornea was subdivided into 4 concentric radial zones and also into an

Systemic Contact Dermatitis.

Systemic contact dermatitis (SCD) traditionally refers to a skin condition where an individual who is cutaneously sensitized to an allergen will subsequently react to that same allergen or a cross reacting allergen via a different route. It occurs to allergens including metals, medications, and foods. The exact pathophysiology underlying this disease remains unknown, although it appears to be mediated by type 4 hypersensitivity reactions and possibly type 3 hypersensitivity reactions. The p-I concept (pharmacologic interaction with immunoreceptors) hypothesized that drugs are able to bind dire

The combined use of forced cold air and topical anesthetic cream for analgesia during the treatment of palmar hyperhydrosis with botulinum toxin injections.

BACKGROUND: Palmar hyperhidrosis is an uncomfortable condition that can severely affect a patient's quality of life. Injections of botulinum toxin have proven to be an efficient treatment modality, however the pain associated with palmar injections has limited the use of this therapy. OBJECTIVE: The authors describe a novel method of analgesia combining topical analgesic cream and forced cold air during botulinum injection treatment of palmar hyperhidrosis. CASE REPORT: This is a case report of a patient with a 10-year history of palmar hyperhidrosis. Both hands were pretreated with topical

Manual small incision cataract surgery under topical anesthesia with intracameral lignocaine: study on pain evaluation and surgical outcome.

UNLABELLED: The authors here describe manual small incision cataract surgery (MSICS) by using topical anesthesia with intracameral 0.5% lignocaine, which eliminates the hazards of local anesthesia, cuts down cost and time taken for the administration of local anesthesia. AIMS: To evaluate the patients' and surgeons' experience in MSICS using topical anesthesia with intracameral lignocaine in terms of pain, surgical complications, and outcome. SETTINGS AND DESIGN: Prospective interventional case series. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Ninety-six patients of senile cataract were operated by MSICS unde

Route Matters: Topically Applied vs Locally Injected Tranexamic Acid for the Reduction of Postrhinoplasty Edema and Ecchymosis.

BACKGROUND: Tranexamic acid (TXA) is widely used to reduce postoperative edema and ecchymosis; however, evidence comparing topically applied and locally injected routes following rhinoplasty remains limited and inconsistent. OBJECTIVES: The aim of this study was to compare the efficacy of topically applied vs locally injected TXA in reducing periorbital edema and ecchymosis after primary rhinoplasty and to explore whether the route of administration influences clinical outcomes. METHODS: In this triple-blind, randomized, controlled clinical trial, 75 patients undergoing primary open rhinopla

Overcoming the cutaneous barrier: Topical delivery platforms for targeted gene-based therapeutics in psoriasis.

Psoriasis is a chronic immune-mediated skin disorder characterized by persistent inflammation, epidermal hyperproliferation, and complex interactions among immune cells, keratinocytes, cytokines, and genetic factors. Although conventional topical agents, systemic small molecules, and biologics have improved disease management, their clinical utility is often limited by insufficient efficacy, adverse effects, treatment resistance, and poor patient adherence. Recent advances in molecular biology have identified numerous pathogenic genes, signaling pathways, and regulatory RNAs involved in psoria

Inhibiting the NLRP3 inflammasome pathway: An effective way to treat chronic inflammation in experimental autoimmune uveitis.

This study aimed to determine whether topical and/or oral administration of a nucleotide-binding oligomerization domain- (NOD-) like receptor (NLR) protein 3 (NLRP3) inflammasome blocker can reduce signs of chronic inflammation in experimental autoimmune uveitis (EAU) mice. Mice were treated daily with the inflammasome blocker, tonabersat, orally, topically or in combination in comparison to topical dexamethasone over a period of 12 weeks. Ocular assessments using fundus and optical coherence tomography (OCT) images were carried out weekly. At the end of the study, ocular tissues were collecte

Topical Application of Vancomycin Powder to Prevent Infections after Massive Bone Resection and the implantation of Megaprostheses in Orthopaedic Oncology Surgery.

IntroductionPeriprosthetic joint infection (PJI) represents a serious burden in orthopaedic oncology. Through the years, several local expedients have been proposed to minimise the risk of periprosthetic infection. In this study, we report our outcomes using topical vancomycin powder (VP) with the aim to prevent PJIs.Materials and methodsFifty oncological cases treated with massive bone resection and the implant of a megaprosthesis were included in our study. Among them, 22 [(GGroup A) received one gram of vancomycin powder on the surface of the implant and another gram on the surface of the m

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… Furthermore, unlike intravenous administration, topical vancomycin powder would increase drugs’ local concentration regardless of local vascularisation and without relevant systemic consequences 15 . We are conscious that our study is not free of limitations. …

Human monkeypox outbreak: Epidemiological data and therapeutic potential of topical cidofovir in a prospective cohort study.

BACKGROUND: Human monkeypox has become increasingly frequent worldwide since the outbreak was first reported in May 2022. OBJECTIVES: As cidofovir is effective against vaccinia and other Orthopoxvirus diseases, we hypothesize that its topical use could be an effective treatment for monkeypox skin lesions, avoiding the adverse effects of systemic administration. METHODS: We conducted a prospective study to collect data on the clinical and virologic course of patients with monkeypox. All patients were offered symptomatic treatment. They were also offered treatment with topical cidofovir on a c

Iatrogenically induced Stevens-Johnson syndrome after a car accident.

BACKGROUND: Stevens-Johnson syndrome (SJS) is a hypersensitivity reaction that targets the skin and mucosal membranes. Ophthalmic manifestations may include conjunctival and corneal keratinization, shortening of the fornices, symblepharon, entropion, trichiasis, and adnexal cutaneous blisters. The syndrome is often misdiagnosed, and patients are treated incompletely with topical agents only leading to a worsening of the condition and graduated symptoms. CASE: A 61-year-old black man was admitted to the hospital for management and rehabilitation of multiple lower limb fractures after an automo

Assigning new roles to topical tacrolimus.

Tacrolimus is an ascomycin macrolactam derivative with immunomodulatory and anti-inflammatory activity that belongs to the class of calcineurin inhibitors. Tacrolimus in its topical formulation has been established as a safe and effective alternative to topical corticosteroids because of its mild side effects and its minimal systemic absorption. Topical tacrolimus has been approved for the treatment of atopic dermatitis in two concentrations, 0.03 and 0.1%. In a thorough research of literature the authors review all of the available data regarding the off-label uses of the medication in other

Gentamicin pharmacokinetics in the chicken inner ear.

Avians have the unique ability to regenerate cochlear hair cells that are lost due to ototoxins or excessive noise. Many methodological techniques are available to damage the hair cells for subsequent scientific study. A recent method utilizes topical application of an ototoxic drug to the round window membrane. The current study examines the pharmacokinetics of gentamicin in the inner ear of chickens following topical application to the round window membrane or a single systemic high dose given intraperitoneally. Chickens were given gentamicin topically or systemically and survived for 1, 4,

Biologically engineered vectors enable topical mRNA delivery for skin regeneration.

Messenger RNA therapeutics offer transient protein expression without altering the cellular genome, making them attractive for regenerative medicine, but efficient and safe delivery to the skin remains a major challenge. Lipid nanoparticles have transformed RNA delivery yet can remain limited in skin by tissue accessibility, formulation constraints and local tissue responses. Here we define Biologically Engineered Vectors (BEVs) as biologically assembled delivery particles generated through genetic or cellular engineering to transport therapeutic nucleic acids, and we develop RNA-BEVs as a pla