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Molecular Gardening for Neuroinflammation via Nose-to-Brain Delivery: A Ca2+ Responsive DNA Nanocage-Hydrogel System With Neuron Targeting and STING Inhibiting.

Intranasal administration offers a rapid and non-invasive route to deliver therapeutics directly from the nasal cavity into the brain for tr … brain and spinal cord of experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis (EAE) mice, eventually promoting remyelination, suppressing neuroinflammation, and restoring motor function. Mechanistically, SA@TSCC, acting as a molecular "gardener" in the diseased CNS "ecosystem," could directly repair "stressed plants" neurons by inhibiting STING-autophagy-ferroptosis, rest …

Balancing topographical guidance and spatial capacity: Optimized spatial density of micropatterned filaments for enhanced peripheral nerve regeneration.

Nerve guidance conduits (NGCs) require intraluminal fillers to bridge critical-sized peripheral nerve defects, yet balancing topographical g … ell alignment, and facilitated robust endothelial vascularization, yielding functional recovery and remyelination comparable to autologous nerve grafts. Conversely, excessive dense fillings (>20%) physically obstructed tissue infiltration. Furthermore, comprehensive multi-level transcriptomic sequencing elucidated that these structural and spatial cues might be …

Animal models of multiple sclerosis: applications and future directions in disease research.

Multiple sclerosis (MS) is a chronic, inflammatory, and demyelinating disorder of the central nervous system that affects nearly two million … toxin-induced models (e.g., cuprizone and lysolecithin) are valuable for studying demyelination and remyelination processes. Additionally, transgenic and knockout models allow the exploration of specific genetic contributions to disease mechanisms. Despite their limitations no single model fully recapitulates the heterogeneity of MS these approaches remain crit …

TIM-3-dependent lysosome biogenesis is required for myelin debris clearance in macrophages.

Multiple sclerosis (MS) is a chronic autoimmune disorder characterized by the immune-mediated demyelination and neurodegeneration of the central nervous system. Phagocyte mediated myelin debris clearance is required for remyelination. TIM-3 is highly expressed on mononuclear macrophages and promotes the phagocytosis of apoptotic cells. Here, we report that TIM-3 enhances the clearance of myelin debris in experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis (EAE), a model of MS. Tim-3 knockout (KO) exacerbated EAE severity, neuroinflammation, and demyelination by regulating mononuclear macrophages. TIM-3 …

Effects of transcranial direct current stimulation in multiple sclerosis: Recent findings of clinical studies and animal models.

Multiple sclerosis (MS) is a chronic inflammatory disorder of the central nervous system (CNS) affecting millions worldwide, leading to sign … oreover, preclinical studies in MS animal models suggest that tDCS may reduce inflammation, promote remyelination, and enhance neuronal survival. These insights underscore tDCS as a promising adjunctive therapy for MS, potentially improving quality of life and mitigating disease progression. Further research is warranted to elucidate optimal stimulation paramet …

Preclinical evaluation of aligned fibrin nanofibre hydrogels in a non-human primate model of spinal cord injury: A pilot study.

Spinal cord injury (SCI) often leads to partial or complete loss of motor, sensory, and autonomic functions. We have previously shown that t … ated that AFG promoted high-density, sequential, and aligned nerve fibre regeneration, resulting in remyelination and vascularisation, ultimately leading to remarkable motor function recovery. These results indicate that AFG transplantation exhibits reliable biocompatibility and effectiveness in promoting spinal cord repair in a non-human primate SCI model. Owi …

Human iPSC-derived spinal neural progenitors enhance sensorimotor recovery in spinal cord-injured NOD-SCID mice via differentiation and microenvironment regulation.

Spinal cord injury (SCI) remains a significant clinical challenge and poses a dramatic threat to the life quality of patients due to limited … ard anti-inflammatory and neuroprotective phenotypes. This dual mechanism promoted axonal regrowth, remyelination, and significant sensorimotor recovery, as evidenced by improved locomotor scores. Our findings highlight the therapeutic potential of human iPSC-spNPGs in reconstructing neural networks and mitigating secondary damage, providing compelling preclini …

Urolithin A promotes peripheral nerve regeneration via TFEB-mediated mitophagy and NLRP3 inflammasome suppression.

BACKGROUND: Peripheral nerve injury (PNI) often results in incomplete recovery due to persistent neuroinflammation and mitochondrial dysfunc … tly improved sciatic functional index, reduced muscle atrophy, and enhanced axonal regeneration and remyelination. Mechanistically, UA promoted transcription factor EB (TFEB) nuclear translocation, upregulated autophagy-lysosomal genes, and facilitated clearance of damaged mitochondria, leading to reduced ROS levels and suppression of NLRP3 inflammasome activat …

STING deficiency promotes motor recovery in mice following brachial plexus root avulsion.

BACKGROUND: Brachial plexus root avulsion (BPRA), a well-known form of peripheral nerve injury, results in motor function loss in the affect … ight, promote motor recovery, decrease MN death, inhibit pyroptosis and neuroinflammation, increase remyelination, and reduce the atrophy of the biceps brachii in mice with BPRA. CONCLUSION: These combined results suggest that inhibition of STING may be a promising strategy for treating BPRA.

Новаторские подходы к нейронной стволовой клеточной терапии: всеобъемлющий обзор механизмов и видов применения.

Лечение стволовыми клетками революционизирует лечение неврологических расстройств, предлагая новаторские подходы к регенерации и ремонту. В настоящем документе рассматриваются пять различных механизмов лечения стволовыми клетками с уделением особого внимания их применению и терапевтическому потенциалу. Нейронные стволовые клетки (НЦН) в сочетании с фармакологическими агентами, такими, как FTY720, повышают ремиелионацию и нейронный ремонт при множественных склерозах (MS) и повреждениях спинного мозга (SCI). Продуктированные плюрипотентные стволовые клетки (iPSC) обеспечивают индивидуализированн

Совпадение в аннотации оригинала
Stem cell therapy is revolutionizing the treatment of neurological disorders, offering innovative approaches for regeneration and repair. Th … c potential. Neural stem cells (NSCs) combined with pharmacological agents, such as FTY720, enhance remyelination and neural repair in multiple sclerosis (MS) and spinal cord injuries (SCI). Induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs) provide a personalized approach by enabling the generation of patient-specific NSCs for treating conditions like Parkinson's Disease …

Exploring the therapeutic and rehabilitative role of transcranial magnetic stimulation in multiple sclerosis.

UNLABELLED: Multiple sclerosis (MS) is a chronic, autoimmune and neurodegenerative disease characterized by inflammation, lesions, demyelina … contributes to reducing neuroinflammation and oxidative stress while promoting neuronal repair and remyelination. However, further research is required for a better understanding of the stimulation- and site-specific effects of TMS in MS. GRAPHICAL ABSTRACT: https://www.europeanreview.org/wp/wp-content/uploads/graphical-abstract-25.jpg.

Появляющееся терапевтическое применение клемастина: обзор последних обновлений патентов.

Клемастин, антигистамин первого поколения, традиционно используемый для лечения аллергического ринита и уртикарии, недавно вызвал интерес в связи с его потенциальным терапевтическим применением, выходящим за пределы его антигистаминергических свойств. В настоящем обзоре рассматриваются недавние патентные заявки (2015 - 2024 годы), с тем чтобы прояснить формирующийся терапевтический ландшафт для этого комплекса. Анализ показывает различные потенциальные виды применения, включая нейродегенеративные расстройства, сердечно-сосудистые заболевания и лечение рака. В частности, в ряде исследований осн

Совпадение в аннотации оригинала
Clemastine, a first-generation antihistamine traditionally used for treating allergic rhinitis and urticaria, has recently gathered interest … cular diseases, and cancer treatment. Specifically, several studies focus on its ability to promote remyelination in multiple sclerosis and other demyelinating disorders, highlighting its potential neuroprotective effects. Recent findings suggest its efficacy in treating heart failure and arrhythmias, possibly through its action on cardiac ion channels. In onco …

Platelet-rich plasma-derived exosomes boost mesenchymal stem cells to promote peripheral nerve regeneration.

Peripheral nerve injury (PNI) remains a severe clinical problem with debilitating consequences. Mesenchymal stem cell (MSC)-based therapy is … retention rate and heightened therapeutic efficacy, as indicated by increased axonal regeneration, remyelination, and recovery of neurological function in a PNI model. In vitro, pExo-MSCs coculture promoted Schwann cell proliferation and dorsal root ganglion axon growth. Moreover, the increased neurotrophic behaviour of pExo-MSCs was mediated by trophic factor …

2,4-Dinitrophenol does not exert neuro-regenerative potential in experimental autoimmune neuritis.

OBJECTIVE: We evaluated the potential neuro-regenerative effects of the mitochondrial uncoupler 2,4-Dinitrophenol in experimental autoimmune … scopy of all groups at day 30. Additional immune-histochemical analysis of inflammation markers and remyelination of the sciatic nerves were performed for the dosage of 1 mg/kg and control. RESULTS: No enhancement of functional or electrophysiological recovery was observed in all 2,4-Dinitrophenol-treated groups. Cellular inflammation markers of T cells (CD3+) …

Hybrid Electrically Conductive Hydrogels with Local Nerve Growth Factor Release Facilitate Peripheral Nerve Regeneration.

It is challenging to treat peripheral nerve injury (PNI) clinically. As the gold standard for peripheral nerve repair, autologous nerve graf … hat the hydrogel conduits immobilizing NGF had superior effects on motor recovery, axon growth, and remyelination, thereby significantly accelerating the repairing of the sciatic nerve. This study demonstrated that hybrid electrically conductive hydrogels with local NGF release could be effectively used for PNI repair.

Activin A alleviates neuronal injury through inhibiting cGAS-STING-mediated autophagy in mice with ischemic stroke.

Activin A plays an essential role in ischemic stroke as a well-known neuroprotective factor. We previously reported that Activin A could promote white matter remyelination. However, the exact molecular mechanism of Activin A in neuronal protection post-stroke is still unclear. In this study, the middle cerebral artery occlusion/reperfusion (MCAO/R)-induced ischemic stroke mouse model and oxygen-glucose deprivation/reoxygenation (OGD/R)-treated primary neurons were used to explore the molecular mechanism of Activin A-mediated neuroprotection against ischemic injuries. We found that Activin A si…

Oligodendrocytes that survive acute coronavirus infection induce prolonged inflammatory responses in the CNS.

Neurotropic strains of mouse hepatitis virus (MHV), a coronavirus, cause acute and chronic demyelinating encephalomyelitis with similarities … after resolution, can induce prolonged inflammatory changes with CNS region-dependent impairment in remyelination.

Canonical Wnt signaling in the oligodendroglial lineage--puzzles remain.

The straightforward concept that accentuated Wnt signaling via the Wnt-receptor-β-catenin-TCF/LEF cascade (also termed canonical Wnt signaling or Wnt/β-catenin signaling) delays or blocks oligodendrocyte differentiation is very appealing. According to this concept, canonical Wnt signaling is responsible for remyelination failure in multiple sclerosis and for persistent hypomyelination in periventricular leukomalacia. This has given rise to the hope that pharmacologically inhibiting this signaling will be of therapeutic potential in these disabling neurological disorders. But current studies su…

Oligodendrocyte Lineage Cells in Chronic Demyelination of Multiple Sclerosis Optic Nerve.

Reports that chronically demyelinated multiple sclerosis brain and spinal cord lesions contained immature oligodendrocyte lineage cells have … tic nerve in conjunction with observations from an experimental cat optic nerve model of successful remyelination. Myelin staining was followed by immunohistochemistry to differentially label neuroglia. Digitally immortalized sections were then analyzed to generate quantification data and antigenic phenotypes including maturational stages within the oligodendro …

Brain microvascular endothelial cell transplantation ameliorates ischemic white matter damage.

Ischemic insults affecting the internal capsule result in sensory-motor disabilities which adversely affect the patient's life. Cerebral end … improved the behavioral outcome based on recovery of hind-limb rotation angle (P<0.01) and induced remyelination (P<0.01) compared with the control groups. Also the inflammatory response was repressed by MVEC transplantation, judging from fewer ED-1-positive activated microglial cells in the MVEC-transplanted group than in the other groups. Elucidation of the …